双重介导脑靶向脂质体增强荷载阿霉素的体外血-脑脊液屏障渗透率

目的 探讨双重介导脑靶向脂质体(RVGPR9-SSL)作为递送载体对阿霉素(doxorubicin, DOX)血-脑脊液屏障(blood brain barrier, BBB)渗透率的影响,为脑部药物递送提供新的策略。方法 利用前期构建的双重介导脑靶向脂质体(RVGPR9-SSL)作为载体包载DOX(DOX@RVGPR9-SSL)。培养脑毛细血管内皮细胞(brain microvascular endothelial cells, BMVEC),在体外构建BBB模型,通过4h渗漏实验、跨膜电阻值(transmembrane resistance value, TEER)测量、扫描透射电镜(scanning transmission electron microscope, SEM)观察细胞间的紧密连接等,鉴定体外BBB模型构建是否成功。在BBB模型构建成功后,利用荧光共振能量转移(fluorescence a resonance energy transfer, FRET),通过激光共聚焦显微镜,考察RVGPR9-SSL体跨越BBB后的完整性。通过对比分析脂质体给药前后,BBB的形态以及TEER值,考察RVGPR9-SSL跨越BBB后对BBB完整性的影响。通过荧光分光光度计,考察DOX@RVGPR9-SSL的BBB渗透率。结果 RVGPR9-SSL的包封率为97.25％。构建的BBB模型的TEER值均>200Ω·cm²,并通过SEM观察到BMVEC细胞排列紧密,存在着明显的紧密连接,说明体外BBB模型成功建立,可用于考察BBB渗透率。DOX@RVGPR9-SSL4h累积BBB渗透率>10%,显著高于游离DOX的4h累积BBB渗透率。给药后BBB与DOX@RVGPR9-SSL均能保持较好的完整性。结论 RVGPR9-SSL可以显著提高所包载的DOX的BBB渗透率,并且具有较好的安全性,是非常有前景的脑部药物递送载体。     

Lyme Disease and the Epistemic Tensions of “Medically Unexplained Illnesses”

ABSTRACT

In the US, disagreement over the biological basis of “chronic Lyme disease” has resulted in the institutionalization of two standards of care: “mainstream” and “Lyme-literate.” For mainstream physicians, chronic Lyme disease is a “medically unexplained illness” that presents with an abundance of “symptoms” in the absence of diagnostic “signs.” For Lyme-literate physicians, and complementary and alternative medicine practitioners more generally, symptoms alone provide sufficient evidence for medical explanation. Drawing upon ethnographic research among mainstream and Lyme-literate physicians, I suggest that medically unexplained illness is not a biomedical anomaly but an intrinsic feature of biomedicine.     

纳米微粒在生物医学领域的应用研究

纳米微粒的尺寸介于原子簇与一般微粒之间，一般为1～100nm。纳米微粒所具有的量子尺寸效应、小尺寸效应、表面效应与协同效应使其展现出许多特有的性质，如比表面积大、表面活性中心多、表面反应活性高、吸附能力强、催化能力高、毒性低及不易受体内和细胞内各种酶的降解等，为其在生物医学研究应用向纵深发展开辟了崭新的途径，提供了更加科学的手段。综述了纳米微粒在生物医学领域的应用研究情况。     

“We Smoke the Same Pipe”: Religion and Community Home-Based Care for PLWH in Rural Swaziland

We draw on a study of a church-run community home-based care organization in Swaziland to explore how individuals living with HIV perceived caregivers’ impact on well-being. Our primary concern was to examine how religion, as a heuristic practice of Christian-based caregiving, was felt to be consequential in a direly underserved region. Part of a larger medical anthropological project, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 79 community home-based care clients, of whom half (53%) said they would have died, some from suicide, without its services. We utilized a critical phenomenological approach to interpret semantic and latent themes, and explicated these themes within a ‘healthworld’ framework. Participants were resolute that caregivers be Christian, less for ideological positioning than for perceived ontological sameness and ascribed traits: “telling the truth” about treatment, confidentiality, and an ethos of unconditional love that restored clients’ desire to live and adhere to treatment. Findings are intended to help theorize phenomenological meanings of care, morality, health, and sickness, and to interrogate authoritative biomedically based rationalities that underwrite most HIV-related global health policy.     

Beyond medical pluralism: characterising health-care delivery of biomedicine and traditional medicine in rural Guatemala

Although approximately one half of Guatemalans are indigenous, the Guatemalan Maya account for 72% of the extremely poor within the country. While some biomedical services are available in these communities, many Maya utilise traditional medicine as a significant, if not primary, source of health care. While existing medical anthropological research characterises these modes of medicine as medically dichotomous or pluralistic, our research in a Maya community of the Western Highlands, Concepción Huista, builds on previous studies and finds instead a syncretistic, imbricated local health system. We find significant overlap and interpenetration of the biomedical and traditional medical models that are described best as a framework where practitioners in both settings employ elements of the other in order to best meet community needs. By focusing on the practitioner’s perspective, we demonstrate that in addition to patients’ willingness to seek care across health systems, practitioners converse across seemingly distinct systems via incorporation of certain elements of the ‘other’. Interventions to date have not accounted for this imbrication. Guatemalan governmental policies to support local healers have led to little practical change in the health-care landscape of the country. Therefore, understanding this complex imbrication is crucial for interventions and policy changes.     

在国外大学生物医学本科生教育中参与实验带教的经验与体会

大学教育在国家创新人才培养体系中占有十分重要的位置,实施本科生科学研究是培养创新人才的一项重要措施。笔者在美国博士后研究期间参加了"德州大学西南医学中心大学生暑期研究计划"实验带教的全过程,通过介绍参加实验带教的感受和体会,结合国内生物医学专业本科生科学研究的实际,深入分析了生物医学本科生参与科研实验的重要性和本科生参与科学研究对创新人才培养的重要意义。     

生物医药的安全性及其对策

生物医药行业是新兴的高科技产业,同时也是一个风险行业,生物医药的安全性问题日益受到人们的重视。在一些生物医药的安全性出现了问题之后,医药界和公众开始认识到,生物医药的安全性十分复杂且不同于传统药物。世界各发达国家均在积极开展生物医药安全方面的研究。本文总结了各种生物医药安全性问题,讨论了重点生物药安全性问题的对策,并就我国的生物医药安全问题提出了对策建议。     

生物医学专业仪器分析教学改革的探索与实践

根据现代仪器分析的发展趋势和特点,针对目前仪器分析课程的教学状况,从教学内容、教学方法、教学手段和考核评定体系等方面对医学生仪器分析课程进行了改革探索和实践,取得了一定的成效。     

生物医学研究者的利益冲突及控制

随着医学研究与产业界的密切合作,生物医学研究者面临着更多的科学道德规范与商业价值追求之间的冲突,这些冲突潜在或现实地影响到研究的客观性以及研究者“无私利性”的专业判断。本文探讨了生物医学研究者利益冲突产生的背景、影响因素及其危害,并提出利益冲突的治理对策,以期促进公众对该问题的认识,并为制定有关政策提供帮助。