Fresh vegetable intake and prevalence of diabetes in a Chinese population in Qingdao

Objective

To investigate the association of fresh vegetable consumption with the risk of diabetes in a Chinese population.

Methods

Data from 2386 individuals aged 35-74 years who participated in a population-based cross sectional diabetes survey in Qingdao, China were analyzed. Frequency of vegetable intake was obtained using a food frequency questionnaire. Diabetes was defined as self-reported diabetes or undiagnosed diabetes determined by 2-h 75 g oral glucose tolerance test or fasting capillary blood glucose test. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the presence (vs. the absence) of diabetes in association with the frequency of fresh vegetable intake was estimated using logistic regression analysis.

Results

The OR for the presence of diabetes was 1.17 (95% CI 0.66, 2.05) in men and 0.50 (95% CI 0.33, 0.77) in women who ate fresh vegetables more than 14 times/week as compared with those who ate fresh vegetables less than 7 times/week after adjustment for age, family history of diabetes, BMI, systolic blood pressure, 24-h energy intake, physical activity and smoking and drinking.

Conclusions

Consumption of fresh vegetables was associated with a low risk of having diabetes in women but not in men in this Chinese population.     

高效液相色谱法测定蔬菜中精喹禾灵残留研究

目的:建立快速、简便、灵敏的蔬菜中精喹禾灵残留的高效液相色谱检测方法。方法:蔬菜样品经甲醇/丙酮/盐酸溶液提取,通过中性氧化铝和弗罗里硅土的混合柱净化,在XDB C8(150 mm×4.6 mmi.d.,5μm)色谱柱上,以甲醇/乙酸-乙酸铵溶液(10 mmol/L,pH 6.2,80/20,v/v)为流动相,流速为0.8 ml/min,柱温为35℃,紫外检测波长为235 nm。结果:蔬菜中精喹禾灵的平均回收率在83.2%-94.2%范围,RSD小于5.5%,线性范围为0.5-50.0 mg/L(r=0.9992)。结论:建立的方法用于蔬菜中精喹禾灵残留的测定,具有操作简便、快速、准确的优点。     

蔬菜和沾在鞋底上的泥土携带土源性线虫情况的调查

目的 :了解福建、江苏农村土源性线虫的传播途径。方法 :样本经水洗沉淀 ,用直接涂片法检查幼虫 ,用消化法和饱和硝酸钠漂浮法检查土壤中虫卵。结果 :检查福建省邵武市 3个农村 18户农家的 16种蔬菜 ,其中 7种发现蛔虫卵钩虫丝状蚴与粪类圆线虫丝状蚴。 4 7份标本中有 19份阳性 ,检出率为 4 0 .4 % ,其中以大蒜、葱、卷心菜、空心菜检出率较高 ;江苏省江宁县 2个农村 2 0户农家 17种蔬菜中 ,11种发现虫卵 (蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫 )和或小杆属线虫幼虫 ,79份标本中 2 1份阳性 ,检出率为 2 6.6% ,其中青菜、空心菜、苋菜检出率较高。菜场的蔬菜邵武市查 7种 ,4种 (葱、小白菜、香菜、黄瓜 )阳性 (蛔虫卵和 /或类圆线虫丝状蚴 ) ;江宁县查 9种蔬菜 ,4种 (萝卜、葱、西红柿、地瓜 )阳性 (蛔虫和 /或类圆线虫丝状蚴 )。农户鞋底土的虫卵检出率以福建邵武为高 55.6% ,江宁仅15.0 % (蛔虫卵 )。两村查到蛔虫卵、钩虫卵、鞭虫卵和犬弓蛔虫卵。结论 :被虫卵污染的蔬菜与鞋底土在土源性线虫传播上起相当作用。     

2009—2011年武汉市某市场果蔬农药残留状况调查及预防对策

目的了解武汉市售蔬菜、水果中农药残留现状及趋势,为政府有关部门制定针对性强的、有效的农药监管防治对策和为消费者自己的预防保护提供参考依据。方法于2009—2011年每年7月从武汉市某市场采集样品,利用安鑫宝PR-3新型果蔬农药残留速测仪(以及配套的试纸)进行农药残留检测。结果 2009—2011年检测水果蔬菜共191种,总阳性率为38.22%。阳性率呈逐年递增趋势。水果类与蔬菜类农药检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.68,P0.05)。结论武汉市农贸市场销售的蔬果中农药残留情况较为严重,建议政府有关部门从农药生产、销售源头加强管理,开展农药残留危害及其防范的宣传教育。消费者从挑选、暴晒、去皮等途径加强自我保护,防治农药危害身体健康。     

Determination of sun protection factor of vegetable and fruit extracts using UV–Visible spectroscopy: A green approach

Acute and chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation leads to variety of changes in skin. For skin protection from deleterious effects of sunlight, sunscreen products are used in various forms having chemical and physical filters. These chemical formulations have adverse effects in chronic condition. Thus, involvement of herbal extracts could be of great choice owing to their specific radiation absorbing capacity. The rationale of this study was to determine the sun protection factor (SPF) of commonly consumed vegetables and fruits and compare it with that of a synthetic compound (Dibenzalacetone) and assess their efficacy as protecting ultraviolet (UV) radiations. Five vegetable samples namely Potato, Beetroot, Eggplant, Cucumber and Tomato and five fruit sample Banana, Papaya, Green Grapes, Black Grapes and Orange Fruits were examined for their SPF values at different temperature (7 °C, 25 °C, 45 °C) and pH (2, 7, 10) conditions. The photoprotective activity was recorded using spectrophotometric method and calculations were done using Mansur equation. Among all vegetable used the SPF of eggplant was found to be highest 14.37 at 25 °C and pH 7 while among fruits orange was found to be best at same conditions. It shows the possibility to use these extracts as a sunscreen in pharmaceutical preparations.     

清远市郊地产蔬菜重金属含量调查与评价

目的系统了解清远市郊地产蔬菜中重金属含量情况,并对其进行评价。方法对清远市郊25个主要蔬菜地进行取样,样品湿式消解法后,用原子吸收光谱仪（AAS）对铅、镉、铜和铬4种元素进行分析。结果清远市郊主要菜地所产蔬菜中,除生菜和番薯叶外,其他类蔬菜没有受到重金属的污染。生菜和番薯叶主要是铅含量超标,其中生菜中铅超标率为40％,番薯叶铅超标率高达75％。结论清远市郊部分地产蔬菜已受重金属污染,相关部门应该采取措施防止污染进一步扩散。     

中成药紫外吸收光谱的预测及其潜在应用

目的:评估通过紫外吸收(UV)光谱鉴别中药掺西药行为的可行性。方法:分别将处方中各味原药材的UV光谱数据进行加权平均,即可得到四物汤和大黄附子汤的理论UV光谱,然后通过加权相关分析法(以相关分析为基础,在UV光谱的峰和谷附近设置更大的权重)计算理论UV光谱与实测UV光谱的相似度,得出皮尔逊相关系数R(Pearson'sR)。结果:四物汤和大黄附子汤的理论UV光谱和实测UV光谱基本一致,相似度为Pearson'sR=0.98～0.9995。结论:中成药的UV光谱可以被准确预测。由于在中成药中掺入西药有可能导致UV光谱的改变,故通过中成药理论UV光谱与实测UV光谱的相似度有可能检出中药掺西药的行为。     

Shifting from conventional diet to an uncooked vegan diet reversibly alters serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels

The effect of adopting an uncooked extreme vegan diet lacking in cholesterol and readopting conventional diet on serum lipids and apolipoprotein was studied. Eighteen subjects were randomly divided into test and control groups. In the test group, subjects adopted the uncooked extreme vegan diet for one month and then resumed a conventional diet for a second month. Controls consumed conventional diet throughout the study. Total serum cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein AI as well as B decreased significantly within two weeks of beginning the new diet. The alleviated levels remained throughout the period of consuming vegan diet. The lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations returned to normal level within one month of resuming the conventional diet. The HDL-cholesterol: LDL-cholesterol ratio was elevated in the test group after one month of consuming the new diet. Serum apolipoprotein AI level was less decreased by the vegan diet compared to that of apolipoprotein B. In the control group, no changes were observed during the study. The results suggest that the uncooked extreme vegan diet causes a significant decrease of the atherosclerosis risk factor.     

The dose-response relationship of fruit and vegetable intake and risk of type 2 diabetes among rural China: The Henan Rural Cohort study

AimsTo explore the dose-response relationship of fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk in rural China.MethodsA total of 38798 adults were recruited from the Henan Rural Cohort Study. F&V intake was assessed by a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression and restricted cubic splines analysis were conducted to calculate the odds ratio (OR) for T2D relative to F&V intake and investigate the dose-response relationship.ResultsHigher intake of fruit or combined F&V was in connection with a lower risk of T2D, after adjusting for multiple confounders. After analyzing the dose-response relationship, we found that the odds of T2D decreased significantly with fruit consumption ≥ 260 g/day or F&V intake between 600 and 1000 g/day. And in subgroup analysis, we found that the negative correlation between fruit consumption and T2D was more pronounced in non-current smokers and non-current drinkers.ConclusionsHigh intake of fruit alone or combined F&V is related to a reduced risk of T2D in rural China. Fruit intake ≥ 260 g/day and total F&V consumption of 600–1000 g/day should be encouraged to promote good health.     

Taste Exposure Increases Intake and Nutrition Education Increases Willingness to Try an Unfamiliar Vegetable in Preschool Children: A Cluster Randomized Trial

BackgroundIntake of vegetables in children remains low.ObjectiveTo compare taste exposure (TE), nutrition education (NE) and TE+NE together on intake of an unfamiliar vegetable (mooli/daikon radish) in preschool-aged children.DesignChildren attending 11 preschools in England were randomly assigned by clusters to four intervention conditions using a 2×2 factorial design: TE, NE, TE+NE, and no intervention (control).ParticipantsTwo hundred nineteen children aged 2 to 5 years participated from September 2016 to June 2017.InterventionThe intervention period was 10 weeks preceded and followed by measurements of raw mooli intake as a snack. Preschools were randomized to receive weekly TE at snack time (n=62 children); NE (n=68) using the PhunkyFoods program; TE+NE (n=55) received both weekly taste exposures at snack and lessons from the PhunkyFoods program; and the control condition (n=34), received NE after the final follow-up measurement.Main outcome measuresIndividual measured intakes of mooli at Week 1 (baseline), Week 12 (postintervention), and Week 24 and Week 36 (follow-ups).Statistical analysisDifferences in intakes were analyzed by cluster. Logistic regressions were conducted to examine odds ratios for intake patterns.ResultsData from 140 children with complete mooli intake assessments were analyzed. TE increased intake from 4.7±1.4 g to 17.0±2.0 g and this was maintained at both follow-ups. Children assigned to the NE conditions were more likely to eat some of the mooli than children who were not in the NE conditions (odds ratio 6.43, 95% CI 1.5 to 27.8). Combining TE and NE produced no additional benefit to intake beyond TE alone.ConclusionsTaste exposures encouraged children to eat more of the unfamiliar vegetable, whereas nutrition education encouraged children who were noneaters to try the vegetable. Both approaches were effective and can be used to produce different outcomes.