2015-2016年滨州市387份蔬菜农药残留监测结果分析

目的 了解滨州市蔬菜中农药残留情况,为蔬菜的食用安全及食源性疾病的防控提供依据。方法 2015-2016年滨州市共采集流通和种植环节的8个品种387份蔬菜样品,用国标法进行农药残留的检测。依据GB2763-2016《食品中农药最大残留限量》对2015-2016年市售蔬菜产品中农药残留进行判定。结果 共计检测蔬菜样品387份,农药残留检出率为0.36%(40/11 223),超标率为0.05%(6/11 223),样品不合格率为1.55%(6/387)。各类蔬菜中以茄果类蔬菜农药检出率29.79%(14/47)最高,其次为甘蓝类蔬菜13.04%(3/23)。各类农药检出率排序为:拟除虫菊酯类农药>有机磷农药>氨基甲酸酯类农药。其中主要的检出农药为毒死蜱和联苯菊酯,均为3.62%(14/387)。结论 滨州市蔬菜产品存在不同程度的农药残留污染,禁用农药在蔬菜中仍有检出,但农残超标情况处于较低水平。     

2011-2013年天津市售蔬菜农药残留状况监测分析

摘要:目的　了解2011-2013年天津市市售蔬菜中农药残留状况,为保障食品安全、加强监管提供科学依据。方法　2011-2013年随机采集市售蔬菜859份,按照《国家食品中化学污染物及有害因素监测工作手册》检测氨基甲酸酯类农药、拟除虫菊酯类农药、有机磷类农药、有机氯类农药;依据《食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留限量GB 2763-2012》进行判断。结果　2011-2013年共监测市售蔬菜859份,3年来监测农药种类17、23、49种,样本超标率依次为12.33%、16.67%、10.77%。其中,氨基甲酸酯类农药超标率依次为4.00%、9.00%、2.32%;拟除虫菊酯类农药超标率依次为0.00%、0.67%、3.86%;有机磷类农药超标率依次为8.33%、8.33%、8.89%;有机氯类农药超标率为0.00%。结论　有机磷农药使用最为普遍,超标情况比较复杂,氨基甲酸酯类农药和拟除虫菊酯类农药也存在一定的超标现象。     

气相色谱法测定金银花中6种杀菌剂和拟除虫菊酯类农药

目的:建立气相色谱法测定金银花中百菌清、三唑酮和拟除虫菊酯类农药的分析方法。方法:金银花经粉碎,加入乙腈匀质提取,盐析,60℃氮吹,正己烷溶解,过弗罗里矽柱,滤液在60℃再次氮吹近干,正己烷定容,采用DB-17毛细管柱分离,ECD检测器测定。结果:样品加标回收率在87.2%~108.5.%之间,相对标准偏差在2.2%~8.9%之间,检出限在0.0022~0.045 mg/kg之间。结论:实验结果表明,该方法简便、快速、灵敏、准确,各项技术指标满足金银花中杀菌剂和拟除虫菊酯类农药检测需要。     

解毒机对蔬菜中剧毒有机磷农药降解效果的评价

目的 了解解毒机对蔬菜中多种剧毒有机磷农药降解情况.方法 将残留在生菜、上海青、四季豆、黄瓜上的甲胺磷、久效磷、乐果和对硫磷,用解毒机进行清洗,同时用自来水浸泡作对照,然后采用毛细管柱气相色谱法测定,计算降解率,评价其降解效果.结果 解毒机清洗蔬菜20 min达最佳,在4种蔬菜中甲胺磷的降解率为72.13％ ～79.86％,久效磷为74.58％～ 81.99％,乐果为49.33％ ～ 55.08％,对硫磷为57.34％ ～60.03％.自来水浸泡蔬菜30 min达最佳,在4种蔬菜中4种农药的降解率在19.74％ ～35.91％之间.结论 解毒机对蔬菜中剧毒有机磷农药降解速度快,效果好.     

A Comparison of Fruit and Vegetable Intake Estimates from Three Survey Question Sets to Estimates from 24-Hour Dietary Recall Interviews

BackgroundFruit and vegetable (F/V) intake surveillance can provide information critical to the design and evaluation of interventions and the assessment of progress toward national intake objectives. The CDC’s Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) assesses F/V intake among high school students using six questions about the frequency of intake in times per day. It is not known whether F/V intake frequency in times per day can be used as a proxy for intake in servings per day.ObjectiveTo compare F/V intake estimates based on responses to three sets of survey questions, including the standard set of six YRBSS questions, with criterion F/V intake in servings per day based on data from 24-hour dietary recall interviews.Participants/settingStudy participants were 610 high school students who completed an in-class questionnaire and three telephone-administered 24-hour dietary recall interviews. The questionnaire asked students how many times they consumed 100% fruit juice and ate fruit, carrots, potatoes, green salad, and other vegetables during the “past 7 days” (set 1), the number of times they did so “yesterday” (set 2), and the number of cup-equivalents of fruits and vegetables they consumed per day (set 3).Main outcome measureMean estimated F/V intake either as “times/day” or “servings/day” and the percentage of students whose estimated F/V intake was ≥1, ≥2, and ≥3 times/day or servings/day.Statistical analyses performedt tests and corrected Pearson correlations were used to compare F/V intake estimates based on survey question responses with estimates based on responses to the 24-hour dietary recall interviews.ResultsMean F/V intake estimates (in times/day or servings/day) based on responses to all sets of survey questions were significantly more than servings/day estimates based on responses to the 24-hour dietary recall interviews, and the percentages of students meeting each intake cutpoint were also more. Of the three sets of survey questions, the standard YRBSS questions produced estimates and percentages that were most consistently closest to 24-hour dietary recall interview estimates.ConclusionsFor brief self-administered questionnaires of high school students, the current YRBSS questions are recommended for monitoring F/V intake even though mean intake estimates in times/day will likely be higher than, and are not a proxy for, mean intake estimates in servings/day.     

冬寒菜类胡萝卜素对二乙基亚硝胺诱发大鼠恶性肿瘤的抑制作用

流行病学及部分实验研究结果表明一些类胡萝卜素成分不经转化为维生素A就可发挥抑癌作用。本实验研究发现补充冬寒菜类胡萝卜素(42.27mg胡萝卜素/Kg饲料)能有效地抑制二乙基亚硝胺诱发大鼠肝细胞癌及肺转移癌的发生,并可有效地延长肿瘤的潜伏期及荷瘤动物的平均寿命。而补充丙酮-石油醚混合液提尽全部色素的冬寒菜提取后干粉无类似作用。     

Consumption of Dietary Guidelines for Americans Types and Amounts of Vegetables Increases Mean Subjective Happiness Scale Scores: A Randomized Controlled Trial

BackgroundThe health benefits of diets rich in fruits and vegetables (FV) are well established. Recent observational and intervention research suggests that FV consumption may also exert a positive effect on psychological well-being.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess changes in mean Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) scores in response to consuming 2010-2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommended types and amounts of vegetables. It was hypothesized that increased vegetable consumption would increase mean SHS scores.DesignThis study investigated a secondary outcome of a randomized, parallel, nonblinded controlled trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio to a provided vegetable intervention or attention control group.Participants/settingMen and women (n = 75) aged 18 to 65 years, body mass index ≥ 25, with low habitual vegetable consumption were recruited from Grand Forks, North Dakota, December 2016 to January 2018, for this community-based study.InterventionThe vegetable intervention consisted of an 8-week feeding phase during which participants were provided with vegetables in DGA-recommended types and amounts. The attention control group was not provided vegetables but completed the same testing schedule as the vegetable intervention group.Main outcome measureMean SHS scores were assessed before and after the intervention.Statistical analysesMean SHS scores were analyzed using a 2-way factorial mixed linear model analysis of variance.ResultsA significant interaction between treatment and visit (P = .015) revealed greater mean SHS scores at week 8 than at baseline in the vegetable intervention group (+0.23 ± 0.11) (mean difference ± SE of the difference) but no change in the attention control group (?0.15 ± 0.11).ConclusionsGreater mean SHS scores were observed after increasing vegetable consumption to meet DGA recommendations, suggesting that adhering to DGA vegetable guidance may help promote psychological well-being.     

青海省某农村居民身体活动特点及相关生活方式

目的了解青海省某贫困县农村居民身体活动及相关行为特点。方法对青海省某国家级贫困县2个自然村的18周岁及以上的居民询问蔬菜、水果的消费量，饮酒、吸烟以及业余锻炼、骑车和中速以上步行等身体活动的频率、时间等。结果908名居民平均每天消费新鲜蔬菜（262．8＋182．4）g、水果（44．2±79．9）g、酒精（9．4±23．5）g，现在吸烟率为32．7％。分别有167人（18．4％）、354人（39．0％）和177人（19．5％）骑自行车、中速以上步行和业余锻炼，不同骑车、中速以上步行、业余锻炼频率水平的居民平均每天的新鲜蔬菜和酒精消费量差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；不同活动时间水平的骑车、中速以上步行者的蔬菜、水果、酒精消费量、现在吸烟率差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。每次业余锻炼时间不足30min者新鲜蔬菜消费量[（348．5±279．5）g／d1明显高于不锻炼者[（259．7±179．0）g／d]和每次锻炼30～、60～min者[分别为（254．1±177．1）、（257．8±152．0）g／d1，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），每周锻炼5～7次或每次业余锻炼30～60min者水果消费量[分别为（59．0±83．4）、（61．6±75．1）g／d]均明显高于不锻炼者[（40．6±79．5）g／d]，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；每周骑车4—7次者现在吸烟率（27．5％）明显低于每周骑车1～3次者（46．1％），差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论样本人群中参与较多身体活动者可能更倾向于多吃蔬菜水果、戒烟等较为健康的生活方式。