弥漫性泛细支气管炎人类白细胞抗原易感基因的研究

目的 研究弥漫性泛细支气管炎患者人类白细胞抗原(HLA)易感基因的位点.方法 选择1999年11月至2006年3月的24例弥漫性泛细支气管炎患者为患者组,比较其临床特点,采用t检验比较红霉素治疗前、后实验室数据的变化.另选53名健康志愿者为对照组.采用寡核苷酸微阵列基因芯片对HLA-A、HLA-B,DR位点进行检测,采用SAS 6.12软件对疾病的相关性进行卡方检验评估,筛选我国弥漫性泛细支气管炎患者HLA易感基因.P＜0.05为差异有统计学意义.结果 患者组HLA-A2频率为20.83%(5/24),对照组为66.04%(35/53),两组频率比较差异有统计学意义(X2=13.52,P＜0.01);HLA-A2频率与弥漫性泛细支气管炎呈负相关(比值比=0.12);而患者组HLA-A11频率为58.33%(14/24),对照组为26.42%(14/53),两组频率比较差异有统计学意义(X2=7.27,P＜0.01);HLA-A11与弥漫性泛细支气管炎呈正相关(比值比=3.9);但在HLA-B位点的检测中未发现弥漫性泛细支气管炎患者有易感基因.尽管患者组在HLA-B54、HLA-B55、HLA-B56的频率分别为12.5%(3/24)、16.67%(4/24)、8.33%(2/24),高于对照组的频率[5.66%(5/53)、3.78%(2/53)、3.78%(2/53)],经统计处理两组频率比较差异无统计学意义(X2分别为1.08、3.82、0.70;P均＞0.05);此外,患者组HLA-DRB5 *010/020频率为37.5%(9/24),对照组为16.98%(9/53),两组频率比较差异有统计学意义(X2=3.88,P＜0.05),必须考虑病例数较少所造成的误差.结论 弥漫性泛细支气管炎HLA易感基因主要位于HLA-Ⅰ类分子A和B位点之间,但HLA-A2可能是中国弥漫性泛细支气管炎发病率相对较低的因素.     

Electrocardiographic characteristics of the variants of idiopathic left ventricular outflow tract ventricular tachyarrhythmias

Background: Despite similar QRS morphology, idiopathic repetitive monomorphic ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VTs) of left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) are known to have the variants of different adjacent origins, including the aorto-mitral continuity (AMC), anterior site around the mitral annulus (MA), aortic sinus cusps (ASC), and epicardium. However, the electrocardiographic characteristics of those variants previously have not been evaluated fully.
Methods and Results: Based on the mapping site and successful ablation in 45 consecutive patients with LVOT-VTs, we classified them into VTs of AMC (n = 3), MA (n = 8), ASC (n = 32), and epicardial (n = 2) origins. In all patients, we performed activation mapping and an electrocardiographic analysis. All AMC-VTs patients had monophasic R waves in almost all the precordial leads, while those with anterior MA-VTs had an Rs pattern in some precordial leads except for lead V6, and those with ASC-VTs had a variable transitional zone in leads V1–4. There was no S wave in lead V6 in any group except for one patient with anterior MA-VTs. The intrinsicoid deflection time in the AMC-VTs patients and anterior MA-VTs patients was significantly greater than in those with ASC-VTs (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the R-wave amplitude in the inferior leads among the groups. Successful radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) was achieved in all patients except for in those with epicardial origin VT.
Conclusions: Despite many morphological similarities, the LVOT-VTs originating from the AMC, anterior MA and ASC could be identified by our proposed electrocardiographic characteristics in order to safely perform RFCA.     

Site of Bismuth Absorption from Bismuth Subsalicylate

Poorly absorbed bismuth preparations may benefit a variety of chronic colonic conditions including ulcerative colitis. Bismuth-induced neurotoxicity is a potential complication of the chronic use of these preparations, and a less-absorbable form of bismuth is needed. If bismuth absorption occurs primarily in the upper gut, a delayed-release bismuth preparation could reduce absorption. We studied the site of bismuth absorption from bismuth subsalicylate (BSS) in rats. For 15 days, BSS (50 mg/day) was ingested or infused directly into the cecum via a chronically implanted cannula. Oral BSS resulted in serum and urine bismuth levels many times higher (3.5 ± 0.3 g/liter and 1570 ± 286 g/g creatinine, respectively) than with cecal administration (undetectable (<1.5 g/liter) and 75 ± 25 g/g creatinine). Thus, bismuth absorption from BSS occurred almost entirely in the upper gut. These findings provide a rationale for a similar study of delayed-release bismuth preparations in humans.     

Multiple granular cell tumors of the gastrointestinal tract with subsequent development of esophageal squamous carcinoma

Summary A 52-year-old woman initially presented to our medical center with synchronous, submucosal tumors of the esophagus, stomach, and transverse colon. The gastric and colonic tumors were resected, and both displayed infiltrating sheets of polygonal cells with coarsely granular cytoplasm and small vesicular nuclei. The neoplastic cells of both tumors were immunoreactive for S-100 protein. Ultrastructural studies revealed the lysosomal nature of the cytoplasmic granules. Although the esophageal mass was not resected, it was felt that this represented another focus of granular cell tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. Two years later, she presented with disseminated squamous carcinoma of the esophagus. At autopsy, a submucosal granular cell tumor was found adjacent to the squamous carcinoma of the esophagus. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of synchronous granular cell tumors that involved multiple segments of the gastrointestinal tract, one of which was later associated with a squamous carcinoma of the esophagus.     

KML001, an arsenic compound,as salvage chemotherapy in refractory biliary tract cancers: A prospective study

Background

Sodium meta-arsenite (NaAsO₂, KML001) is a potential oral anticancer agent acting on telomerase and telomere length. This prospective study evaluated its safety, tolerability, and effectiveness as salvage chemotherapy in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC) resistant to gemcitabine-based chemotherapy.

胃镜下微波凝固及激光光动力单独或联合治疗上消化道恶性肿瘤的临床疗效评价

目的综合评价微波凝固疗法（Microwave Coagulation Therapy,MCT）和激光光动力疗法（Laser Photodynamic Therapy,LP-DT）单独或联合治疗晚期上消化道恶性肿瘤的临床疗效。方法在胃镜下采用MCT治疗食管癌100例和贲门-胃底癌168例,LP-DT治疗食管癌43例、贲门-胃底癌64例和胃癌109例,MCT和LPDT联合治疗严重食管癌42例和贲门-胃底癌38例癌性狭窄,选择食管癌、贲门-胃底癌和胃癌共20例为对照组。结果MCT组、LPDT组和MCT和LPDT联合组三组治疗有效率分别达到100%、96.76%和93.75%,与对照组比较有显著疗效,并且费用低、创伤和副作用小、并发症少。结论MCT和LPDT是治疗晚期上消化道恶性肿瘤较理想的方法,特别是两种方法联合治疗能最大程度地解决癌性狭窄,达到了手术切除的效果。     

Seven-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine and Nasopharyngeal Microbiota in Healthy Children

Seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-7) is effective against vaccine serotype disease and carriage. Nevertheless, shifts in colonization and disease toward nonvaccine serotypes and other potential pathogens have been described. To understand the extent of these shifts, we analyzed nasopharyngeal microbial profiles of 97 PCV-7–vaccinated infants and 103 control infants participating in a randomized controlled trial in the Netherlands. PCV-7 immunization resulted in a temporary shift in microbial community composition and increased bacterial diversity. Immunization also resulted in decreased presence of the pneumococcal vaccine serotype and an increase in the relative abundance and presence of nonpneumococcal streptococci and anaerobic bacteria. Furthermore, the abundance of Haemophilus and Staphylococcus bacteria in vaccinees was increased over that in controls. This study illustrates the much broader effect of vaccination with PCV-7 on the microbial community than currently assumed, and highlights the need for careful monitoring when implementing vaccines directed against common colonizers.     

Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Soldiers,South Korea,April 2011–March 2012

During April 2011–March 2012, we retrospectively reviewed medical records for South Korea soldiers to assess the etiology and epidemiology of acute viral lower respiratory tract infections. Adenovirus was the most commonly identified virus (63.2%) and the most common cause of pneumonia (79.3%) and hospitalization (76.6%); 3 soldiers died of adenovirus-related illness.