利培酮、氯氮平对血糖、血脂影响的研究

目的了解非典型抗精神病药利培酮、氯氮平对精神分裂症患者血糖、血脂的影响。方法随机抽取2002年6月1日 -2003年6月1日间在河北省精神卫生中心住院、年龄18～65岁、符合CCMD -3精神分裂症诊断标准、分别接受利培酮、氯氮平治疗的100例患者 ,用自制调查表进行调查患者治疗前后血糖、血脂的变化 ,用BPRS评定疗效。结果服用利培酮、氯氮平治疗的100例精神分裂症患者基线时血糖、血胆固醇、甘油三脂无显著差异。治疗4周、8周、12周后患者血胆固醇、甘油三脂均明显升高(P<0.05)。两组进行比较 ,治疗12周后 ,氯氮平组空腹血糖明显高于利培酮治疗组(P<0.05)。结论非典型抗精神病药物利培酮、氯氮平可能会引血胆固醇、甘油三脂的升高 ,血糖变化不明显。氯氮平致血糖升高的风险大于利培酮 ,临床用药时应注意监测血糖、血脂的变化。     

Expression of transporters potentially involved in the targeting of cytostatic bile acid derivatives to colon cancer and polyps

Drug targeting might help to overcome resistance to chemotherapy. Here we investigated whether colon cancer and polyps do express functional carriers involved in the uptake of cytostatic bile acid derivatives, in this case Bamet-UD2 [cis-diammine-bisursodeoxycholate-platinum(II)], which has been reported to be taken up by colon cancer cells "in vitro", efficiently induce apoptosis and overcome resistance to cisplatin. Although at lower levels than in ileum, a detectable expression of ASBT, OATP8/1B3, OCT1 and OSTalpha in colon tissue was found, which was not impaired in colon cancer or polyps. The expression of OATP-A/1A2 and OSTbeta was also found in colon, but this was markedly decreased in neoplastic colon tissue. In contrast, the expression of OATP-C/1B1 was low in colon but significantly enhanced in neoplastic colon tissue. MDR1 and MRP2 were poorly expressed in colon as compared with ileum, whereas MRP3 expression was higher in colon than in ileum. The abundance of mRNA for these ABC proteins was not changed in colon cancer or polyps. When RNA from different tissues was injected to Xenopus laevis oocytes their ability to take up taurocholate and Bamet-UD2 was enhanced (healthy ileum>healthy colon approximately neoplastic colon tissue). In all cases, uptake was lower for taurocholate than for Bamet-UD2, probably due to that ASBT mediates sodium-dependent uptake of both substrates, whereas additional transporters expressed in these tissues can participate in Bamet-UD2 uptake. In conclusion, our results suggest that the use of cytostatic bile acid derivatives might be a good pharmacological strategy for the treatment of colon tumors.     

Evidence for wide range of time scales in oculomotor plant dynamics: implications for models of eye-movement control

Oculomotor-plant dynamics are not well characterised, despite their importance for modelling eye-movement control. We analysed the time course of the globe's return after horizontal displacements in three rhesus monkeys lightly anaesthetised with ketamine. The eye-position traces were well fitted by a sum of four exponentials (time constants 0.012, 0.099, 0.46, 7.8 s). The two long time-constant terms accounted for 25% of plant compliance, and led to a model that accounted for hitherto unexplained features of ocular motoneuron firing such as (i) hysteresis, and (ii) the inability of a 2 time-constant model to fit data for both fast and slow eye-movements.     

新疆哈萨克族RGS2基因1891-1892del TC多态性与原发性高血压关系的研究

目的 研究在新疆哈萨克族人群中G蛋白信号转导调节蛋白-2基因(regulator of G-protein signaling 2,RGS2)1891-1892del TC位点多态性与原发性高血压遗传易感性的关系.方法 采用病例(444例)-对照(489例)方法 进行关联分析,用TaqMan荧光实时定量PCR检测1891-1892del TC位点的基因型.结果 1891-1892del TC在该人群男性中(OR=1.698,P=0.03)以及总体人群中(OR=1.32,P=0.044)与高血压病显著相关;ID+DD基因型组的平均收缩压水平明显高于Ⅱ基因型组(P=0.04);DD和ID基因型组的血清尿酸水平均高于Ⅱ基因型组(P<0.01).结论 研究结果表明RGS2基因的D等位基因与新疆哈萨克族原发性高血压的遗传易感性相关,同时与血清尿酸水平升高相关.     

乙型肝炎病毒核心蛋白c/el表位处TC标签的基因标记对S和e抗原表达的影响

目的 研究乙型肝炎病毒核心蛋白c/el表位处TC标签的基因标记对S和e抗原表达的影响,探索TC标签标记HBV病毒体的可行性.方法 以含有1.3倍HBV基因组的载体为模板,在HBV C基因中插入编码TC标签的碱基序列,得到重组的突变型HBV载体,其编码的核心蛋白的c/el表位处嵌入了TC标签.将野生型和突变型HBV载体分别瞬时转染HepG2细胞,Westernblot检测野生型和各种TC嵌合型核心蛋白的表达,酶联免疫吸附法分析病毒S和e抗原的表达.多组间比较用单因素方差分析.结果 Western blot显示各种嵌合型核心蛋白在细胞内成功表达,并且同野生型蛋白的表达水平无显著差别,酶联免疫吸附法检测表明各组细胞S和e抗原表达水平没有明显差别.结论 HBV核心蛋白c/el表位处TC标签的基因标记不会明显影响突变HBV载体表达病毒蛋白.     

脂肝康药效学研究

目的：观察脂肝康对动物实验性脂肪肝的治疗作用。方法：采用乙硫氨酸、高脂饲料复制动物脂肪肝模型,iv高分子右旋糖苷复制大鼠＂血瘀＂模型,观察脂肝康的作用。结果：脂肝康能明显降低实验性脂肪肝动物肝脏、血液中的总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）的量;明显抑制＂血瘀＂大鼠全血粘度的升高。结论：脂肝康对脂肪肝大鼠有明显的治疗作用。     

Influence of chrysin on hepatic marker enzymes and lipid profile against d-galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity rats

Chrysin is a flavonoid that exists in nature and is the major component of some traditional medicinal herbs. We investigated the hepatoprotective and antihyperlipidaemic potential of chrysin against d-galactosamine (a single intraperitoneal injection 400 mg/kg BW) induced hepatotoxicity in male albino Wistar rats. d-GalN rats exhibited an increased hepato and nephro toxicity marker activities aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and total bilirubin level while urea, uric acid and creatinine and lipid profile. It also negatively affected the serum total protein, albumin and A/G ratio. Rats treated with chrysin at different concentrations (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg BW) caused a significant improvement in serum protein level, decreased hepato and nephro toxicity markers. It also decreased the levels of very low density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol while high density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly increased. It also decreased the levels of total cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides, free fatty acids in the plasma and tissues of liver and kidney. The effect of chrysin (25 mg/kg) is comparable with silymarin, a known hepatoprotective drug. Chrysin thus exhibits hepatoprotective and antihyperlipidaemic activity.     

A short message service (SMS) intervention to prevent diabetes in Chinese professional drivers with pre-diabetes: A pilot single-blinded randomized controlled trial

Aim

To determine the efficacy of delivering short-message service (SMS) to provide diabetes-related information in reducing the risk of developing diabetes in Chinese professional drivers with pre-diabetes.

Methods

A pilot single-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted in Hong Kong between 05/2009 and 04/2012. Professional drivers with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were randomly allocated to either a SMS group receiving messages comprising knowledge and lifestyle modification on diabetes or to a control group with usual care. Primary outcomes were the incidence rate of diabetes mellitus over 12 and 24 months period.

Results

Fifty-four, out of 104 professional drivers recruited, were randomly allocated to intervention group. Fewer subjects developed diabetes at 12 months in intervention group (5.56%) compared to control group (16.00%). Relative risk (RR) of diabetes onset was 0.35 (95%CI: 0.10–1.24) and the number needed to treat (NNT) for preventing one diabetes was 9.57. At 24 months, RR increased to 0.62 (95%CI: 0.24–1.61) with a NNT of 10.58. Logistic regression showed a significant odds ratio of 0.04 (P = 0.021) for intervention group compared to control group at 12-month follow-up for completers and a non-significant odds ratio of 0.34 (P = 0.303) at 24-month follow-up.

Conclusions

The SMS program proved to have potential to reduce the risk of developing diabetes at 12 months but additional measures should be integrated to prevent or delay disease progression.