Induced abortion and risk of small-for-gestational-age birth

Objective  To investigate the possibility of an association between previous induced abortion and subsequent birth of a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infant.
Design  Case–control study.
Setting  General and university hospitals.
Methods  Cases were 555 women who delivered SGA babies. Controls were 1966 women who gave birth at term (>37 weeks of gestation) to healthy infants of normal weight on randomly selected days at the hospital where cases had been identified. All women in the case and control categories were interviewed on the obstetric wards by one of a team of six interviewers. During the interviews, information was obtained regarding general socio-demographic factors, personal characteristics and habits, gynaecological and obstetric history, general anamnesis, family history of obstetric and gynaecological diseases, and the age of the father of the child. Further information on current pregnancy and delivery was also collected. We used conditional multiple logistic regression (with age as the matching variable), with maximum likelihood fitting, to obtain odds ratios and their corresponding 95% CIs. Included in the regression equations were terms for education, plus terms significantly associated in this data set with the risk of SGA birth (smoking in pregnancy, history of SGA, gestational hypertension and parity).
Population  Women admitted to a general and a university hospital.
Results  No significant increase in the risk of SGA birth was observed in women with a previous induced abortion [odds ratio (OR) 1.0; 95% CI 0.6–1.7]. The OR for SGA birth was 1.2 (95% CI 0.7–2.1) for preterm and 1.0 (95% CI 0.7–1.4) for term SGA births.
Conclusion  This study found no association between risk of SGA birth and induced abortion.     

569名未婚女性人工流产原因分析

目的:了解未婚人流女性特征,分析其人流原因。方法:采用分层整群多阶段抽样方法,以统一匿名调查表,由统一培训的专业医生对2004年10月~2005年5月在16个抽样单位行人流术的全部未婚女性进行调查。结果:569名调查对象平均年龄20.5岁,伴侣平均年龄23.8岁,月均性生活次数7.4次,33%的被调查者有既往怀孕史。本次人流原因主要为未避孕(71.7%),其原因主要是侥幸心理、不懂避孕和怕麻烦。避孕套是被调查者中知晓率和使用率最高的避孕方法。以百分制计算,被调查者避孕方法和知识的得分分别为60.4分和64.8分,其避孕知识主要来自媒体。结论:未婚女性性活跃、意外妊娠风险认识低、性和生殖健康知识贫乏,应加强未婚人群的性观念和性行为道德教育,根据其年龄和心理特征,提供相关的生殖健康知识和服务,并加强对媒体相关宣传的规范管理。     

328. Mechanismen der langzeitakzeptanz allogener rattenlebertransplantate: makrophagenaustausch und suppressorzellaktivierung

Summary After orthotopic rat liver transplantation in the fully allogeneic BN (RT-1n) to LEW (RT-11) combination, the phenomenon of spontaneous tolerance of donor antigen occurs. We demonstrate two different immune mechanisms that may account for this process. Using adoptive transfer assays we show the presence of donor-specific T-suppressor lymphocytes in the spleens of long-term surviving liver graft, recipients. These cells prolong - adoptively transferred into irradiated syngeneic hosts — the survival of donor-specific (BN) but not third-party (DA) renal allografts (I00 days vs 1I days in control groups). Secondly, we demonstrate the replacement of Kupffer cells in the graft by recipient macrophages using polymorphic monoclonal antibodies in an immunoperoxidase technique. This may contribute to graft adaptation and thus to long-term graft acceptance.     

Update on medication abortion

This article provides an overview of medication abortion in the United States 6 years after the approval of mifepristone (RU486; Mifeprex; Danco Laboratories, LLC, New York, NY) by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The adoption of mifepristone is considered in the context of epidemiologic data on abortion, abortion access, and the safety of abortion. The risks of medication and aspiration abortion are discussed in the context of abortion-related mortality, recent experience with obstetric and gynecologic infection with Clostridium sordellii, and the limits of scientific knowledge on the incidence of this infection in women. Innovative protocols studied since FDA approval of mifepristone are presented, and implications for clinical practice are discussed.     

大豆总皂甙对培养心肌细胞自发性搏动与动作电位的影响

培养Wistar大鼠乳鼠的心室肌细胞,向培养基中分别加入浓度为1.56μg/ml至50μg/ml的大豆皂甙,可使心肌细胞群落的自发性搏动呈剂量依赖性抑制。洗脱大豆皂甙或向培养基中再加入10μg/ml肾上腺素均能使自发性搏动恢复。向培养基中加入大豆皂甙5μg/ml使心肌细胞动作电位的波幅、波宽、超射、最大舒张电位、阈电位、最大除极速度等各电参数立即减小。Ca~(2+)80μg/ml能使动作电位的抑制逆转。上述结果表明大豆皂甙对培养的鼠心肌细胞具有钙通道阻滞用。     

米非司酮配伍米索前列醇终止早孕用药方法的探讨

作者对１２０例妊娠４９ｄ以内的孕妇采用４种不同的服药方法进行药物流产，其中使用第３、４种用药方法的孕妇均于加用米索前列醇后８ｈ内排出孕囊，且２ｈ内排出率明显增加，与常规用药方法比较有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１），同时对用药机理作了讨论。     

Spontaneous circadian fluctuations of prostate specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase serum activities in patients with prostatic cancer

Summary Spontaneous circadian variations of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), determined simultaneously by radioimmunoassay (RIA), were investigated by multiple sampling, over a 24-hour period, in 32 patients with prostatic cancer. In 29/32 patients (91%), the coefficient of variation of 24-hour values, for either marker, was greater than that of the RIA method at the same range of values; stage D patients showed the greatest spontaneous variability. Fluctuations around the mean of 24-hour values ranged from-65% to +85% for PAP, from-72% to +190% for PSA, occurring random and independently for each marker. Variability was about 20% greater for PSA than for PAP. The existence of spontaneous fluctuations should be considered in multiple marker evaluation of prostatic cancer patients.Preliminary results of this study have been presented at the International Symposium on Hormonal Therapy of Prostatic Diseases —Basic and Clinical Aspects, April 6–8, 1987, Milan, Italy     

钡离子(Ba~■)诱发心室肌细胞自发电活动的实验

用心肌细胞跨膜电位记录,证实高浓度Ba~■(4mol/L)可诱发豚鼠心室肌自发电活性,这种自发电活性主要来自延迟后除极电位(DAD)及触发活动,且可被维拉帕米(异搏定)阻断,提示DAD的产生与钙离子内流有关。     

等剪切场中剪切率与剪切时间对全血血小板自发聚集性的影响

本文在研究等剪切场中剪切率与剪切时间对全血血小板自发聚集性的影响时发现,随着剪切时间的延长,血小板自发聚集率与剪切率的关系逐渐由正相关转化为负相关;而随着剪切率的增加,血小板自发聚集率与剪切时间的关系也由正相关转为负相关;剪切率在46 S~(-1)或剪切时间在20分钟时,血小板的自发聚集率与剪切时间或剪切率无关。