Pubertal testosterone predicts mental rotation performance of young adult males

Robust sex differences in some spatial abilities that favor males have raised the question of whether testosterone contributes to those differences. There is some evidence for prenatal organizational effects of testosterone on male-favoring spatial abilities, but not much is known about the role of pubertal testosterone levels on adult cognitive abilities. We studied the association between pubertal testosterone (at age 14) and cognitive performance in young adulthood (at age 21-23), assessing male-favoring, female-favoring, and sex-neutral cognitive domains in a population-based sample of 130 male and 178 female twins. Pubertal testosterone was negatively associated with performance in the Mental Rotation Test in young adult men (r=-.27), while among women no significant associations between testosterone and cognitive measures were detected. The significant association among men remained after controlling for pubertal development. Confirmatory within-family comparisons with one-sided significance testing yielded a negative correlation between twin pair differences in testosterone levels and Mental Rotation Test performances in 35 male twin pairs (r=-.32): the twin brother with higher testosterone performed less well on the Mental Rotation Test. That association was evident in 18 pairs of dizygotic male twin pairs (r=-.42; analysis controlling for shared environmental effects). In contrast, the association of differences was not evident among 17 monozygotic male twin pairs (r=-.07; analysis controlling for shared genetic influences). Results suggest that pubertal testosterone levels are related specifically to male-favoring spatial ability and only among men. Within-family analyses implicated possible shared genetic effects between pubertal testosterone and mental rotation ability.     

我院危重病学科护理人员集束护理依从性的调查研究

目的了解危重病学科护理人员对呼吸机相关性肺炎集束化治疗的护理依从性,探讨其影响因素和改善措施。方法根据呼吸机相关性肺炎的主要临床预防措施自行设计调查表,对危重病学科的64名在职护理人员进行问卷调查。结果护理人员的集束护理平均依从性为80．85％,在7个护理项目中洗手的依从性最差为72．34％。护理人员自认为依从性低的因素主要是觉得重要但没有时间、觉得不重要、懒得做和疾病限制以及患者因素。结论应改善目前护理人员配置,加强集束护理相关教育培训,增强护理人员的主观护理意识和慎独精神,从而提高集束护理依从性。     

Hb H Disease Results from Compound Heterozygosity of – –SEA and –αMAL3.5 in a Chinese Family

The α⁺-thal deletion of 3.557?kb (NG_000006.1: g.32745_36301del, –α^MAL3.5), involving the entire α2-globin gene, was identified in a Chinese family by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) followed by gap-polymerase chain reaction (gap-PCR) and sequencing. The proband, a compound heterozygote for this mutant gene and the Southeast Asian (–?–^SEA; NG_000006.1: g.26264_45564del19301) deletion, had a phenotype of Hb H disease [hemoglobin (Hb) 7.6?g/dL, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) 60.0 fL, Hb H (β4) 0.7%, Hb Bart’s (γ4) 2.4% and Hb A₂ 1.1%]; one of her sisters with same genotype showed a similar phenotype. Another two family members, who were carriers of this mutant gene, had a hematological phenotype of a silent α-thal. The 5' and 3' breakpoints of this deletion are located at the Y2 and Y1 boxes, respectively, therefore, it probably originated from an unequal crossover between these two homologous boxes. This mutation constitutes an additional heterogeneous defect causing α-thal in the Chinese population and would be valuable for elucidating the arrangement in the human α-globin gene cluster.     

基于SKATER聚类算法设计血吸虫病监测点的探索性研究

目的 探索建立血吸虫病监测点选点方法,提高疫情监测效率与质量。方法 采用基于最小生成树的SKATER聚类算法对安徽省31个历史血吸虫病流行县（区）进行空间约束聚类,从每个聚类中确定1个监测点,评估聚类监测点网络对安徽省血吸虫病疫情的代表性和监测效果,并比较其与当地国家血吸虫病监测点网络监测效果的优劣。结果 聚类监测点与聚类区域的环境因素无显著差异,同质性较高。在选择同样个数的监测点时,聚类监测点与国家血吸虫病监测点在整个地区血吸虫病疫情的平均水平和长期趋势的监测上无显著差异;但在未监测地区的疫情预测和估计上,聚类监测点的效果明显优于国家监测点。结论 基于SKATER聚类算法的血吸虫病监测点选择方法能够更好地代表整个地区的疫情水平,可作为传统监测点选择方法的有效补充。     

Interstitial pneumonitis associated with dasatinib: two case reports and literature review

Dasatinib has increasingly been used to treat chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), although interstitial pneumonitis has been found as a complication in large clinical trials. In the present study, 23 patients received dasatinib for CML between 2012 and 2017 at our institution, of whom 2 developed symptomatic interstitial pneumonitis. Notably, the first patient developed interstitial pneumonitis five years after initiating dasatinib. Interstitial pneumonitis should be considered as a complication in patients receiving dasatinib for CML, which may even occur after a long period of uncomplicated administration.     

首发精神分裂症女性患者基于Stroop范式的近红外光谱成像的脑血流空间特征分析

目的探讨首发精神分裂症女性患者以Stroop范式的近红外光谱成像(NIRS)的脑血流空间特征。方法前瞻性连续纳入2018年1月至2019年12月深圳市康宁医院急性干预科住院的女性首次发作的精神分裂症患者9例,并纳入观察组,同时纳入年龄、受教育年限与观察组相匹配的健康者作为对照组(9例)。以Stroop测试为范式,行NIRS检测,检测时间共74 s,记录NIRS的数据。其中前面10 s为基线期,任务期共64 s,计算相对于基线期的平均氧合血红蛋白(OxyHb)水平,分析NIRS的空间特征。观察组给予奥氮平[平均剂量(17.78±2.92)mg/d]治疗4周,治疗前后各检测1次NIRS,对照组检测1次。结果观察组患者治疗前通道17、18平均OxyHb水平为0.02(-0.02,0.18)、0.04(-0.07,4.11)mmol/L,均高于对照组[-0.22(-0.33,0.04)、-0.35(-0.69,-0.02)mmol/L],通道20治疗前为-0.17(-0.32,0)mmol/L,低于对照组[0.08(-0.08,0.34)mmol/L],差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);通道17、18、20治疗后平均OxyHb水平分别为-0.05(-0.21,0.04)、-0.10(-0.24,0.01)、-0.02(-0.21,0.11)mmol/L,与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论女性精神分裂症患者治疗前存在前额叶右腹部中间区负激活及左中间腹外侧区正激活的情况,治疗后有改善。     

非负矩阵分解算法在胃癌基因表达数据分类中的应用

依据基因表达数据,利用计算机技术对其样本进行分类并找到在肿瘤组织中特异表达的基因,使之能够对疾病的治疗和生物医学研究起到有益的参考和借鉴作用。本文采用非负矩阵分解算法,对基因表达数据进行分析,然后对分解后得到的基矩阵中各集合基因进行比较,找出在肿瘤组织中有特异表达的基因,并做出生物解释。以胃癌基因表达数据为例进行实验,结果表明了该方法的可行性和有效性。