三种血清学方法对马来丝虫病监测的应用研究

目的：比较三种方法监测马来丝虫病的效果。方法：间接荧光抗体试验（ＩＦＡＴ）、酶联免疫吸附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）、斑点－酶联吸附试验（Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ）。结果：检测１９９０、１９９１、１９９４年基本消灭马来丝虫病的流行区人群血清，ＩＦＡＴ阳性率分别为２４８５％、２０３２％和８３０％；ＥＬＩＳＡ阳性率分别为２１６６％、３０３２％和１５８４％；Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ阳性率分别为３２５０％、１０９６％和１８８６％；总阳性率分别为４６６６％、３５８０％和３２０７％。结论：以ＩＦＡＴ法较为稳定，３种方法联合应用，可提高阳性率     

肝炎病毒感染的临床调查分析

目的　为进一步证实庚型肝炎病毒的感染途径 ,并探讨检测该病毒在献血员筛选工作中的意义。方法　采用 Elisa和 PCR法 ,检测 76名血液病患者、82名非血液病患者和 90名健康体检者血清中乙、丙、庚肝炎病毒标志物。结果　这 3型病毒感染标志物的阳性率 (Elisa法 )在上述 3组人中分别为 2 6 .3%、12 .2 %和 10 .0 % ,11.8%、3.7%和 2 .2 % ,以及 9.2 %、1.2 %和 1.1% ,血液病组显著高于另两组 (χ2 =32 .36 ,P<0 .0 0 5 ) ;PCR法检查结果类似 ;有受血史者高于无受血史者 ,且与受血量呈正相关。结论　庚型与乙、丙型肝炎病毒类似 ,可通过血液途径传播 ,因此对献血员采用高敏感性的筛选手段及严格控制输血指征 ,对控制可经血液传播的庚型肝炎病毒等的医院感染 ,具有重要意义     

八项生化指标在肝病诊断中的意义及临床评价

目的 了解N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）、α-岩藻糖苷酶（AFU）、前白蛋白（PAB）、亮氨酸氨基肽酶（LAP）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶同工酶（ASTm）、谷氨酸脱氢酶（GLDH）、腺苷脱氨酶（ADA）、甲胎蛋白（AFP）八项指标在肝病诊断和治疗中的意义。方法 使用全自动生化分析仪对274例各种肝病（急性肝炎、慢性肝炎、肝硬化、酒精性肝炎、重型肝炎、肝癌）和30例正常人血清中八项新指标和11项常规肝功项目进行检测，对检测结果进行统计学分析。结果 在急性肝炎时LAP、ASTm、GLDH、ADA和AFU均显著增高，AFU、LAP和ASTm的AUC分别为0．842，0．816和0．782，阳性率分别为84．2％、95％和80％；肝硬化时ADA、AFU和NAG均显著升高，PAB降低，ADA的AUC为0．689，阳性率为89．5％；重型肝炎时ADA和NAG显著升高，PAB和AFU降低．PAB和AFU的AUC均为0．861，阳性率分别为100％和52．1％；肝癌时LAP、AFU、AFP、NAG和ADA均显著升高，PAB下降，LAP和AFP的AUC分别为0．697和0．653，阳性率分别为74％和79．5％。结论 在急性肝炎时AFU、LAP和ASTm具有较高应用价值；肝硬化时ADA具有较高应用价值；重型肝炎时PAB和AFU具有较高应用价值；肝癌时LAP和AFP应用价值较高。     

Utility of serological markers in inflammatory bowel diseases： Gadget or magic？

The panel of serologic markers for inflammatory bowel diseases （IBD） is rapidly expanding. Although antiSaccharornyces cerev/siae antibodies （ASCA） and atypical perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies （P-ANCA） remain the most widely investigated, an increasing amount of experimental data is available on newly discovered antibodies directed against various microbial antigens. The role of the assessment of various antibodies in the current IBD diagnostic algorithm is often questionable due to their limited sensitivity. In contrast, the association of serologic markers with disease behavior and phenotype is becoming increasingly well-established. An increasing number of observations confirms that patients with Crohn＇s disease expressing multiple serologic markers at high titers are more likely to have complicated small bowel disease （e.g. stricture and/or perforation） and are at higher risk for surgery than those without, or with low titers of antibodies. Creating homogenous disease sub-groups based on serologic response may help develop more standardized therapeutic approaches and may help in a better understanding of the pathomechanism of IBD. Further prospective clinical studies are needed to establish the clinical role of serologic tests in IBD.     

大鼠原位肝移植术后胆道并发症的影响因素

目的 研究大鼠原位肝移植术后胆道并发症的各种影响因素,为建立更稳定的大鼠原位肝移植模型提供实验依据.方法 雄性SD大鼠87只,完全随机法分组,其中移植组48只、非移植组36只、假手术组3只,实验共分胆管-胆管重建移植组、胆管-十二指肠重建移植组、胆管-胆管重建+肝动脉结扎非移植组、胆管-胆管重建非移植组、胆管-十二指肠重建+肝动脉结扎非移植组、胆管-十二指肠重建非移植组和假手术组7组.各手术处理组以出现明显胆道并发症或移植后14 d作为观察时间终点.通过肝脏大体标本肉眼观察、病理学检测和血清学分析等判断胆道并发症的发生率及其严重程度并进行各组间比较.结果 移植组总胆道并发症发生率为69.6%,明显高于非移植组(25.0%)和假手术组(0%),差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05).在移植组和非移植组中,胆管-十二指肠重建组的胆道并发症发生率明显高于胆管-胆管重建组(90.9%比50.0%,38.9%比11.1%,均P<0.05).非移植组中,结扎肝动脉组的胆道并发症高于不结扎肝动脉组(38.9%比11.1%,P<0.05).结论 经典"二袖套法"大鼠原位肝移植模型尚不完善,仍需进一步改进.就大鼠原位肝移植模型而言,胆管-十二指肠重建方式并非理想的选择.     

深圳市流动人口与户籍居民乙肝感染情况比较分析

目的 通过对深圳流动人口与户籍居民乙型肝炎(以下简称乙肝)血清标志物的检测,了解深圳市居民乙肝感染情况及其差异性,为控制乙肝传播提供科学依据.方法 采用多阶段整群抽样方法,于2010年7～8月抽取深圳流动人口和户籍居民3 771人(流动人口1 873人,本地户籍居民1 898人),进行问卷调查同时采集血样,用酶联免疫吸附试验( enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测血清中乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)、乙肝表面抗体(抗-HBs)和乙肝核心抗体(抗-HBc).结果 深圳市流动人口HBsAg阳性率为7.05％,略高于户籍居民(6.32％);抗-HBs阳性率为67.16％,低于户籍居民(76.61％);深圳市流动人口与户籍居民HBsAg阳性率在各年龄组间差异无统计学意义( x2 =0.79,P=0.373);深圳流动人口中低文化水平人群(初中及以下)HBsAg阳性率高于高文化水平人群(高中及以上)(x2=7.01,P=0.008);出生在深圳的流动人口HBsAg阳性率远低于出生地在其他省市的流动人口.结论 深圳流动人口乙肝感染情况比深圳户籍居民严重,因此加强深圳流动人口常规免疫和查漏补种工作对控制深圳乙肝流行十分重要.     

乙型肝炎病毒基因分型与HBV-DNA水平及血清标志物关系的探讨

目的 探讨HBV基因型与HBV-DNA水平及血清标志物的相关性,分析不同基因型的临床表现.方法 对532例HBV-DNA阳性感染者分别检测HBV病毒基因型、HBV-DNA、乙型肝炎血清标志物及肝功能.结果 532例慢性HBV感染者中HBV基因型以C型为主60.2％,其次为B型31.6％,B、C混合型6.0％,未分型2.3％例;C基因型HBV-DNA水平和HBeAg阳性率分别为6.41±1.15和91.3％,明显高于B型5.88±1.30和83.3％,P＜0.01 ;C基因型患者的ALT、AST及TBIL均高于B型,但差异无统计学意义,C基因型ALB 28.68±4.32显著低于B基因型30.55±5.84,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 该地区HBV基因型以C型为主,B型次之,C基因型HBV-DNA水平显著高于B基因型,C基因型HBeAg阳性率较B基因型高,C基因型对肝脏损害较B基因型重,并与HBV载量及HBeAg系统具有相关性.     

肝细胞癌血清学诊断研究进展

肝细胞癌(HCC)的早期,正确诊断仍是当前研究的热点和难点.以甲胎蛋白(AFP)为代表的血清肿瘤标志物检测结合影像学及病理学检查已成为肝癌早期诊断的重要手段之一.现就其最新进展作一简述.     

Serolological Profile Among HBsAg-Positive Infections in Southeast China: A Community-Based Study

Background

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has remained a significant public health problem. Generating a large-scale, community-based profile of HBV infection in China is essential to prevention of the disease.

Objectives

The current study was designed to investigate HBV-infected individuals at the community level and determine the age distribution, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positivity and its related risk factors, relationship among serological markers.

Patients and Methods

A cross-sectional, community-based survey was carried out without age restriction, in 12 communities of two counties. The study population was selected by random multistage cluster sampling. Serological samples and demographic information were collected from 8439 HB surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive individuals.

Results

The constituent ratio of individuals with HBsAg-positive infections was lowest among persons aged < 20 years (0.4%) and the highest among persons aged 40-49 years (33.2%). The HBeAg-positive rate among infected individuals was 18.5%, and the constituent ratio decreased with increasing of age. The HBeAg-positive rate in males (21.9%) was significantly higher than in females (14.7%), and was higher among coastland inhabitants (22.9%) than among plains inhabitants (12.9%). Among the 1561 HBeAg-positive individuals, 91.0% were HBV DNA-positive. However, of the 6878 HBeAg-negative individuals, only 45.4% were HBV DNA-positive, and the HBeAg-positive rate was significantly different at different levels of HBV DNA expression. The proportion of detectable HBV DNA levels was significantly higher in individuals with elevated ALT, compared to those with normal ALT, regardless of HBeAg-positivity.

Conclusions

The HBV prevalence remained high in the > 20 age group. The positivity of HBeAg was related to age, region, and sex. Testing HBeAg and serum ALT levels were effective ways to assess HBV infectiousness in community-level hospitals in China.