Multiple primary malignant neoplasms in urologic patients

Methods: Second primary cancers constitute approximately 9–10% of malignancies diagnosed in the United States. We aimed to show the risk and incidance of second primary tumor occuring associated to urologic tumors and show the distrubution of tumors in Tracia region. We retrospectively examined the patients' files with the diagnosis of malignant disease between the years 1985–2000. Hazard function analysis was performed to estimate the relative risk of secondary malignancy occuring. Age, sex and tumor number were examined to find out if they affect on mortality rate. Results: A total number of 25 MPMNs were diagnosed. In 52 percent of the cases the second primary neoplasm developed within six months. The relative risk of development of a second neoplasm is found as increasing 1.111 times per month. The incidence of secondary malignancy occuring in the patients with one tumor was found as 6.31%. Age (p < 0.001) and tumor number (p < 0.001) are found as statistically effective predictor on mortality rate where the sex is not. Conclusions: In the patients with a primary tumor not only the metastasis must be investigated but also second primary tumors should be taken in to consideration. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

γ射线诱发人正常肝细胞基因组不稳定性研究

目的探讨电离辐射诱发的基因组不稳定性效应。方法采用^60Co γ射线照射人正常肝细胞，检测克隆形成率和微核发生率，利用单细胞凝胶电泳（SCGE）技术检测DNA损伤情况。照射2、4、6、8和10Gy后传代培养，在40代后各剂量组再次统一照射2Gy，进行辐射损伤的检测。结果首次照射后，克隆形成率随受照剂量的增大而降低。存活细胞经二次照射后，SCGE结果和微核发生率结果表明，首次照射剂量与子代二次照射后的损伤程度存在剂量效应关系。结论γ射线不仅在肝细胞中产生直接的生物效应，而且还可以诱发产生可遗传的基因组不稳定性，使子代细胞中的突变频率增加，表现出滞后的遗传改变。二次事件的放大作用是研究基因组不稳定性的一种较好方法。     

Follow up and evaluation of the Victorian first-trimester combined screening programme for Down syndrome and trisomy 18

Objective  The objective of this study was to follow up and evaluate the statewide first-trimester combined screening programme for Down syndrome and trisomy 18 at Genetic Health Services Victoria, Australia.
Design  Retrospective population cohort.
Setting  Maternal Serum Screening Laboratory records.
Sample  All women screened between February 2000 and June 2002 (16 153 pregnancies).
Methods  Screening results were matched to Victorian perinatal and birth defect data via record linkage, with an ascertainment of 96.8% of pregnancy outcomes. Manual follow up with health professionals increased ascertainment to more than 99%.
Main outcome measures  Fetal Down syndrome or trisomy 18, and combined screen results, to calculate test characteristics.
Results  Using a risk threshold of 1 in 300 at time of ultrasound, the sensitivities for standard first-trimester combined screening and augmented 13-week combined screening for Down syndrome were 87.3 and 90.5% and the false-positive rates (FPR) were 4.1 and 3.9%, respectively. The sensitivity for trisomy 18 was 66.7% (10/15, 95% CI 42.8–90.5%) with a 0.4% FPR and 15.2% positive predictive value (1 in 250 risk threshold).
Conclusions  The combined use of record linkage and manual follow-up techniques was effective in ascertaining more than 99% of pregnancy outcomes for calculations of accurate test characteristics of the combined screen. The sensitivity for Down syndrome at Genetic Health is comparable to similar populations. However, the sensitivity for trisomy 18 is lower than that elsewhere, which may reflect the overall low birth prevalence of trisomy 18 and associated small numbers in this particular cohort.     

第2产程剖宫产术对母婴的影响

本文对我院近 4年来第 2产程 (以下简称 2程 )剖宫产 6 1例进行回顾性分析。资料表明 :第 2产程剖宫产术易合并羊水污染及术时并发症 ,新生儿Apgar氏评分低 ,术后并发症高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,提示第 2产程剖宫产术比一般头位急症剖宫产术对母婴不利 ,其并发症的发生与第 2产程的延长相关 (P <0 .0 1) ,故应把握时机尽量减少宫口开全后施行剖宫产。     

正常足月孕妇骨矿物质含量的测定

用单光子吸收法对足月孕妇尺、桡骨骨矿物质含量（ＢＭＣ）、骨面密度（ＢＭＣ／ＢＷ）进行测定及作血清钙、磷的生化测定。结果显示：足月孕妇的尺、桡骨骨矿物质含量、骨面密度明显低于同年龄组的未孕妇女。主要因为妊娠胎儿的骨胳生长发育，需要孕妇向胎儿输送大量的钙离子，若母亲对钙摄入不足或吸收不良，则造成孕妇的骨矿物质含量降低，骨质疏松；而孕妇血清钙、磷降低不明显。     

Effects of naftidrofuryl oxalate, a 5HT2 antagonist, on neurotransmission and transduction systems in the gerbil hippocampus

We investigated the effects of age and naftidrofuryl oxalate (Naftidrofuryl), a 5-HT₂ antagonist, on neurotransmission and transduction systems in the gerbil hippocampus using quantitative autoradiography. [³H]Quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB), [³H]cyclohexyl-adenosine (CHA), [³H]MK-801, and [³H]muscimol were used to label muscarinic acetylcholine, adenosine A1, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA), and γ-aminobutyric acid-A (GABA_A) receptors, respectively. [³H]PN200-110 labeled L-type Ca²⁺ channels. [³H]Forskolin, [³H]cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), [³H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu), and [³H]inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP₃) were used to label adenylate cyclase, cAMP-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C (PKC), and IP₃ receptors, respectively. Approximately 20% reductions in [³H]QNB, [³H]forskolin, and [³H]PDBu binding were observed in the hippocampus of 9-month-old gerbils in comparison with 5-week-old gerbils. Treatment with Naftidrofuryl (10 mg/kg, i.p., once a day for 7 days) ameliorated these reductions. No changes were found in [³H]CHA, [³H]MK-801, [³H]muscimol, [³H]PN200-110, [³H]cAMP, and [³H]IP₃ binding. The results suggest that Naftidrofuryl may have beneficial effects on the age-related alterations in signal transmission and transduction systems in the brain. Because the acetylcholine system, adenylate cyclase, and PKC are considered to be involved in learning and memory processes, the result may have clinical implications.     

二阶导数光谱法测定尿中呋喃妥因浓度

本文采用有酸性条件下用乙酸乙酯萃取呋喃妥因后，通过二阶导数光谱法测定尿中呋喃妥因的浓度。该法定量信息为３７４￣３７７ｎｍ处的峰谷之间距离，最低检出浓度为１．５ｍｇ／Ｌ，回收率为９８％，相对标准差小于３％；本法与ＨＰＬＣ法进行了对照性研究。两法具有明显的相关性（ｒ＝０．９９９１）。本法可用于呋喃妥因药动学的研究。     

Application of trans-abdominal chorionic villus sampling in prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal diseases in first trimester of gestation

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility and safety of prenatal diagnosis by traneabdominal chorionic villus sam-pling(TA-CVS)via the guidance of B-mode ultrasound in the first trimester of gestation.To explore the technique of long time culture and chromosome preparation of villi in early pregnancy.To evaluate the feasibility of the above techniques in the application of the prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis.Methods:One hundred and thirty-five singleton pregnancies at risk were referred from January 2001 to Decem-ber 2007.Results:The average maternal age was 35.2 years.TA-CVS was performed in the 10～13th weeks of gestation and the average gestational age was 10.89 weeks.All attempts at sampling were successful.The rate of operation-associated fetal loss was 0.74%.The failure rate of prenatal diagnosis because of inadequate amount of specimen was 0.The average culture time was 5-7 days.The success rate of the cell culture was 98.5%.No maternal con-temination and bacterial contamination happened.Fifteen cases of abnormal karyotype and one case of confined pla-cantel mosaiciem were diagnosed.Conclusion:TA-CVS appears to be safe and feasible and might to be offered in the prenatal diagnosis in the first trimester of gestation.The technique of long time culture and chromosome preparation of villi is stable and reliable.It is feasible to apply these techniques in the clinical practice of prenatal cytogenetic diagnose in the early pregnancy.     

两步极体活检对小鼠卵母细胞体外受精和胚胎发育的影响

目的评价两步活检一、二极体对小鼠卵母细胞体外受精(IVF)和相应胚胎发育的影响。方法8～12周龄雌、雄昆明小鼠。雌鼠促排卵,取成熟卵母细胞行卵胞浆内单精子注射(ICSI),序贯培养胚胎至囊胚孵出。分别于ICSI后激光透明带打孔活检第一极体,两步活检一、二极体,在受精后打孔同时活检一、二极体。比较各处理组与对照组受精、卵裂、优质胚胎、囊胚形成、扩张和孵出情况。结果两步活检一、二极体和同时活检一、二极体受精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率和囊胚形成率与对照组均无明显差异。启动孵出率明显高于对照组;完全孵出率虽高于对照组,但无统计学意义。结论一、二极体活检不影响小鼠卵母细胞IVF和相应胚胎发育,而且可能有助于胚胎孵出,是安全可行的植入前遗传学诊断(PGD)活检取材方法,以两步活检法为最佳极体活检方案。     

Second nonocular tumors in cured unilateral retinoblastoma patients

Summary According to recent data the incidence of second tumors in cured hereditary unilateral retinoblastoma patients is 20% within 10 years, 50% after 20 years and rises to 90% after 30 years. Nonhereditary unilateral retinoblastoma patients have not been regarded as susceptible for second nonocular tumors so far. A case is reported of such a patient having developed a second presacral retroperitoneal tumor after successful treatment of a nonhereditary unilateral retinoblastoma group V without intracranial extension or pulmonary metastases. Consequently all (hereditary and non-hereditary) retinoblastoma patients should receive at least quarterly intensive follow-up examinations after primary ophthalmologic treatment.