Effects of sub-chronic antipsychotic drug treatment on body weight and reproductive function in juvenile female rats

Rationale Weight gain caused by some antipsychotics is not only confined to adults but can also adversely affect both children and adolescents. Indeed, olanzapine and risperidone have been associated with extreme weight gain in adolescents even greater than that reported in adults. We have recently shown substantial weight gain in adult female rats following treatment with olanzapine and risperidone but not ziprasidone. Objectives The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of several antipsychotics on weight gain and reproductive function in juvenile (aged 7 weeks) female hooded Lister rats. Methods Olanzapine (4 mg/kg), risperidone (0.5 mg/kg), ziprasidone (2.5 mg/kg), sulpiride (10 mg/kg), haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered i.p. once per day for 21 days. Body weight, food and water intake were measured daily, in addition to the determination of stage of the oestrous cycle. Results Sub-chronic administration of olanzapine, risperidone, sulpiride and haloperidol, but not ziprasidone, significantly increased body weight compared to vehicle-treated animals during weeks 1–3. Sulpiride significantly increased food and water intake. Significantly increased percentage intra-abdominal fat weight was observed in olanzapine, risperidone, sulpiride and haloperidol, but not ziprasidone-treated animals. Marked disruption of the oestrous cycle was observed in all but the ziprasidone-treated group, which continued to have regular 4-day oestrous cycles. Conclusions Weight gain observed in these juvenile animals was 1.5–2 times greater than that previously observed in adult rats. These findings have important implications for the use of antipsychotics in children and adolescent patients.     

Dose relationship of limbic-cortical D2-dopamine receptor occupancy with risperidone

RATIONALE: It has been suggested that the antipsychotic effect of antipsychotics is mediated by the antagonism of the dopamine D2 receptor in the limbic-cortical regions. Risperidone has an atypical property, but its effect on limbic-cortical regions has not been evaluated. OBJECTIVES: In this study, we examined the relationship among doses of risperidone and limbic-cortical dopamine D2 receptor occupancy using positron emission tomography. METHODS: Seven patients with schizophrenia were scanned during the steady state with risperidone. Their occupancies in limbic-cortical regions were determined using positron emission tomography with [11C]FLB 457. RESULTS: The average occupancy ranged from 38% to 80% on doses of 1-6 mg/day. The saturation curve plotted against the drug level fit the data well. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that the D2 receptor occupancy with risperidone in the limbic-cortical regions seems to be similar to that of previous reports regarding the striatum, and it would be comparable to that of typical antipsychotics.     

奎硫平和利培酮治疗首发精神分裂症对比分析

目的:比较奎硫平和利培酮对首发精神分裂症病人的疗效和不良反应。方法:将68例符合中国精神疾病分类方案与诊断标准第3版(CCMD-3)的首发精神分裂症病人随机分为两组,奎硫平组和利培酮组。于治疗基线和治疗后1、2、4、8周末分别进行阳性症状和阴性症状量表(PANSS)、领悟测验、数字广度测验、填图测验评定临床疗效,治疗时出现的症状量表(TESS)评定不良反应。结果:经过8周治疗,两组疗效无显著性差异(P>0.05),不良反应发生率无显著性差异(P>0.05),奎硫平组锥体外系反应的发生率明显低于利培酮组(P<0.05),而心电图改变明显高于利培酮组(P<0.05)。结论:奎硫平和利培酮对首发精神分裂症患者的疗效相当,前者锥体外系不良反应轻,心电图改变较多。     

阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗精神分裂症对照研究

目的 探讨阿立哌唑对首发精神分裂症患者的临床疗效及安全性。方法 46例精神分裂症患者随机分为两组，分别给予阿立哌唑与利培酮，治疗8周，用阳性与阴性症状表（PANSS）和副反应量表（TESS）评定疗效和不良反应。结果 阿立哌唑组疗效与利培酮组疗效相当，阿立哌唑不良反应亦不多于利培酮。结论 阿立哌唑是一种安全有效的抗精神病药。     

氯丙嗪、氯氮平和利培酮对血糖的影响

目的:比较氯丙嗪、氯氮平和利培酮对精神分裂症血糖的影响.方法:对88例首发精神分裂症患者随机分为3组,单用氮丙嗪、氯氮平和利培酮治疗,疗程8周.分别在治疗前及治疗后4、8周末采用Rayto-200c全自动生化分析仪对患者血糖进行对比分析.结果:氯氮平组的精神分裂症患者治疗后血糖较治疗前明显升高(P＜0.01),氯丙嗪和利培酮组治疗后血糖无明显变化(P＞0.05).结论:氯氮平可引起精神分裂症患者糖代谢的异常,在使用氯氮平对患者进行治疗时应注意监测血糖.     

齐拉西酮与利培酮治疗首发精神分裂症疗效的对照研究

目的探讨齐拉西酮治疗精神分裂的疗效及安全性。方法将符合CCMD-3诊断标准的60例首发精神分裂症患者随机分为两组,分别给予齐拉西酮和利培酮治疗8周,采用PANSS、CGI、TESS、体格检查及实验室检查评定疗效和安全性。结果实验组和对照组的有效率分别为76.36%和75.68%,治愈率分别为53.43%和51.08%;两组患者PANSS量表总分治疗后2、4、6、8周与治疗前比较差异有显著性（P〈0.01）,两组之间比较无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。齐拉西酮不良反应显著少于利培酮（P〈0.05）。结论齐拉西酮对精神分裂症与利培酮同样有效,在改善阴性症状方面起效快,不良反应轻微,是一种安全有效的新型抗精神病药物。     

喹硫平与利培酮治疗儿童青少年精神分裂症的对照研究

目的比较喹硫平与利培酮对儿童青少年早发性精神分裂症的临床疗效、安全性和耐受性。方法对61例发病年龄为10～18岁符合中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第3版精神分裂症诊断标准的患者,采用喹硫平或利培酮治疗,其中喹硫平治疗者31例,利培酮治疗者30例。以临床疗效总评量表(CGI)、简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)评估有效性,采用副反应量表(TESS)和一些重要生理指标包括血压、体重等评估安全性和耐受性,观察期限为4周。结果喹硫平每日平均治疗剂量为(835±281)mg,平均加药时间为(8.35±5.89)d。利培酮每日平均治疗剂量为(5.83±1.13)mg,平均加药时间为(10.9±3.82)d。治疗4周后同组BPRS评分均明显低于治疗前,组间BPRS减分率差异无统计学意义(t=-0.157,P=0.876);但喹硫平的锥体外系不良反应明显少于利培酮(χ2=4.510,P=0.034)。结论本研究提示两种药物对治疗儿童青少年精神分裂症均有确切疗效,其中喹硫平的锥体外系不良反应更少。     

齐拉西酮与利培酮治疗精神分裂症对照研究的Meta分析

目的评价齐拉西酮与利培酮治疗精神分裂症的疗效和安全性以及与对照组之间的差异。方法应用循证医学方法对符合标准的15项研究进行分析，评价齐拉西酮与与利培酮治疗精神分裂症的有效率、痊愈率以及副作用的差异。结果齐拉西酮组与利培酮治疗精神分裂症的有效率以及痊愈率均没有显著性差异（P〉0．05），但是利培酮的副作用，特别是EPS显著高于齐拉西酮（P〈0．01）。结论齐拉西酮和利培酮都是治疗精神分裂症良好的药物，但是它们的副作用存在差异。     

冬眠灵与维思通治疗精神分裂症的临床效果对比

目的比较冬眠灵和维思通治疗精神分裂症的临床效果。方法 123例精神分裂症患者被分为实验组和对照组,对照组给予冬眠灵治疗,实验组给予维思通治疗。结果实验组在GQOLI评分、PANSSE评分和副反应等方面均显著优于对照组。结论相比于冬眠灵,维思通具有更加显著的临床效果和更低的药物副反应,是值得考虑的临床药物之一。     

利培酮合并赛来昔布治疗对精神分裂症首次发病患者认知功能的影响

目的 探讨利培酮合并赛来昔布对精神分裂症首发患者认知功能的影响.方法 符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版诊断标准的精神分裂症首次发病(以下简称首发)住院患者90例,随机分到利培酮+赛来昔布组(研究组,46例)或利培酮+空白剂组(对照组,44例),观察治疗时间均为12周.认知功能评定使用阳性和阴性症状量表、汉密尔顿抑郁量表、威斯康星卡片分类(WCST)、重复性神经心理测查系统(RBANS).结果 治疗第12周末,研究组PANSS总分及分量表分低于对照组(P均＜0.05);研究组HAMD评分低于对照组;两组患者RBANS测验总分及部分分量表评分均较基线明显提高,差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05);WCST部分因子分均较基线有明显改善,差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05);两组间各量表评分的差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).研究组男性患者的延时记忆量表分明显高于女性患者,差异有统计学意义(F=4.8;υ=1.0,38;P=0.03),且临床症状的改善与认知功能的提高存在显著相关性(P＜0.05).结论 利培酮具有改善首发精神分裂症患者认知功能的作用;赛来昔布对男性患者的延时记忆有改善作用.