Psychological factors that determine people's willingness-to-share genetic data for research

Of all the information that we share, health and genetic data might be among the most valuable for researchers. As data are handled as particularly sensitive information, a number of pressing issues regarding people's preferences and privacy concerns are raised. The goal of the present study was to contribute to an understanding of people's reported willingness-to-share genetic data for science (WTS). For this, predictive psychological factors (eg, risk and benefit perceptions, trust, knowledge) were investigated in an online survey (N = 416). Overall, participants seemed willing to provide their genetic data for research. Participants who perceived more benefits associated with data sharing were particularly willing to share their data for research (β = .29), while risk perceptions were less influential (β = −.14). As participants with higher knowledge of the potential uses of genetic data for research perceived more benefits (β = .20), WTS can likely be improved by providing people with information regarding the usefulness of genetic data for research. In addition to knowledge and perceptions, trust in data recipients increased people's willingness-to-share directly (β = .24). Especially in the sensitive area of genetic data, future research should strive to understand people's shifting perceptions and preferences.     

国家援鄂医疗队对新型冠状病毒肺炎ICU的护理人力管理

目的 探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间国家援鄂医疗队护理人力管理策略,提升护理管理效率。方法 借鉴突发事件卫生应急指挥决策系统,以“应急保障-应急基础-应急行动”为护理人力管理思路,构建科学有效且实用性强的ICU护理人力管理模式。结果 国家援鄂ICU护理团队共135人,建立7个护理小组,实施弹性管理;开展递进式培训、临床教学30次。共收治新型冠状病毒肺炎危重症患者109例,其中机械通气患者75例。结论 国家医疗队为应对突发的新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情,迅速组建ICU护理团队,形成了“应急保障-应急基础-应急行动”护理人力管理模式,通过采取“集权式”和“小组式”相结合的网格式管理,保证了新型冠状病毒肺炎危重症患者救治工作的顺利开展。     

Nurses' perceptions of systems and hierarchies shaping their responses to child abuse and neglect

Nurses have an important role in preventing and responding to child abuse and neglect. This paper reports on nurses' perceptions of how organisational systems and hierarchies shaped their capacity to respond to child abuse and neglect. This is one of four key themes identified through an inductive analysis of data from a broader qualitative study that explored nurses' perceptions and experiences of keeping children safe. The study was guided by social constructionist theory, and data were collected through in‐depth interviews with nurses working with children in Australia (n = 21). Key findings showed that nurses experienced many challenges to responding to child abuse, including difficulties sharing information, fear of making mistakes and inflexible systems of care. This was underpinned by an organisational ‘rule‐centred’ culture of following policies at the expense of maintaining an explicit focus on children's needs. These findings demonstrate first the importance of creative and flexible thinking from individual professionals, so policies are enacted with a clear child focus. Second, they highlight the need for leadership to enact organisational and systemic cultural change that maintains a genuinely child‐centred approach.     

Relationship between nurses' perceptions of nursing assistant roles and information‐sharing behaviors: A cross‐sectional study

Information‐sharing between nurses and nursing assistants is necessary for appropriate inpatient care. Nurses who perceive nursing assistant roles highly may display positive behaviors related to information‐sharing with nursing assistants. This study aims to examine the relationship between nurses' perceptions of nursing assistant roles and the frequency of their sharing information with nursing assistants. Using a self‐administered, cross‐sectional survey questionnaire, data from 2,642 nurses in 182 hospitals were collected. Nurses' perceptions of nursing assistant roles were measured with a scale containing four factors: (i) improving patients' abilities through daily care; (ii) caring for various patients using broad perspectives; (iii) facilitating co‐ordination and co‐operation among team members; and (iv) increasing the amount of information on patients among team members. Information‐sharing behaviors included “expressing,” “asking,” “linguistic response,” and “feedback.” Multiple regression analyses for each nurse's information‐sharing behaviors were conducted. Nurses' perceptions of nursing assistant roles were positively correlated with the frequency of sharing information with nursing assistants. The degree of the correlations differed, depending on the type of information‐sharing behavior. Therefore, improving nurses' understanding of nursing assistant roles might increase their information‐sharing behaviors.     

Pentapeptide sharing between Corynebacterium diphtheria toxin and the human neural protein network

We describe the pentapeptides shared between the Corynebacterium diphtheria toxin and the human proteins associated with fundamental neural functions. We report that diphtheria toxin pentapeptides are spread among human antigens such as tuberous sclerosis proteins 1 and 2, reelin, contactin-4, neuroligins, semaphorin-5A, sodium channel protein type 1 subunit α, Williams–Beuren syndrome chromosomal region 1 protein, Williams–Beuren syndrome chromosomal region 20A protein. Williams–Beuren syndrome chromosomal region 8 protein, Bardet–Biedl syndrome 9 protein, Bardet–Biedl syndrome 10 protein, oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein, neurofibromin-2, and periaxin. The data are discussed in relation to the bacterial immune escape phenomenon, and in the context of potential cross-reactions in diagnostic tests and immune therapies.     

FAIR原则背景下国际出版集团的数据政策和实践

【目的】 总结和归纳国际出版集团推动数据开放共享和复用的政策、实践,以及推行FAIR原则的具体举措,以期为国内期刊提供参考。【方法】 以Springer Nature、Taylor & Francis、Wiley以及Elsevier为案例,通过网络信息扫描、邮件沟通和直接交流等方式开展调研和信息采集。【结果】 国际出版集团采用分层级的数据政策,便于更多期刊根据实际情况选择适合自己的政策。在实践层面,采取从小及大、由少到多、逐渐推行的相对缓和方式。在FAIR科学数据管理原则被越来越多机构接受时,出版机构在推进数据FAIR化方面也进行了初步尝试。【结论】 出版机构在推进数据FAIR化方面仍然面临诸多挑战,这些挑战与数据存储基础设施对FAIR原则的支持能力密切相关。     

What Should Be the Data Sharing Policy of Cognitive Science?

There is a growing chorus of voices in the scientific community calling for greater openness in the sharing of raw data that lead to a publication. In this commentary, we discuss the merits of sharing, common concerns that are raised, and practical issues that arise in developing a sharing policy. We suggest that the cognitive science community discuss the topic and establish a data‐sharing policy.     

甘青宁沙棘植物资源及其综合利用

沙棘植物资源在我国西北地区较为丰富,本文对甘青宁三省区的沙棘资源进行整理,并根据其开发利用现状,提出了综合开发利用的建议,为沙棘植物资源的可持续、合理开发利用提供了参考。     

乌鲁木齐市吸毒人群共用器具注射毒品行为特征及其影响因素

目的:了解乌鲁木齐市吸毒人群共用器具注射毒品的行为特征及其影响因素。方法:于2004年9-10月,应用结构式问卷调查乌鲁木齐市吸毒者的人口学特征、首次吸毒前的吸烟和饮酒情况;首次吸毒和首次静脉注射毒品及共用注射器具注射毒品的行为特征及相关因素等。结果:提供知情同意书的509名吸毒者中,既往共用器具注射吸毒者占59.5%(303/509)。近3个月有新的共用器具注射毒品伙伴者占17.3%(88/509);共用器具注射毒品≥5次者占14.9%(76/509);近3个月33.2%(169/509)的调查对象共用器具注射毒品;直接共用者占27.9%(142/509),间接共用者占23.2%(118/509)。Logistic回归模型结果显示,与共用器具注射毒品≥5次有统计学意义的变量是年龄(OR=1.77,95%CI:1.07-2.91)和文化程度(OR=0.31,95%CI:0.15-0.64);与直接共用有关的变量是近6个月工作(OR=0.57,95%CI:0.38-0.86)、年收入(OR=0.58,95%CI:0.38-0.86)和15a以前开始吸烟(OR=1.79,95%CI:1.18-2.72);与间接共用有关的变量是民族(OR=0.58,95%CI:0.37-0.92)和近6个月工作(OR=0.61,95%CI:0.40-0.92)。结论:乌鲁木齐地区吸毒人群共用器具注射毒品比例高;年龄、文化程度、稳定的工作和年收入及15a以前开始吸烟与共用注射器具吸毒有关。提示:推广高危行为干预和强化个体化降低毒品危害咨询的必要性。