成分输血在临床中的应用

成分输血是现代输血学的重要标志之一。临床医生要了解成分输血的知识,遵循科学用血、合理用血、节约用血的原则,根据病情有针对性地开展成分输血。成分输血的重点,应当是血液的有形成分,即以红细胞和血小板为主的成分输血。本文就成分输血的特点与临床应用等有关问题进行综述。     

光照疗法对新生儿红细胞谷胱甘肽还原酶活性的影响

作者对光照疗法（光疗）前及光疗后于口服维生素Ｂ＿２（４３例）和不予口服维生素Ｂ＿２（１７例）的黄疸新生儿的红细胞谷胱甘肽还原酶（ＧＲ）的活性进行了动态观察。结果显示，接受短期光疗的黄疸新生儿其红细胞ＧＲ活性较光疗前的ＧＲ活性有显著下降，光疗后予口服维生素Ｂ＿２可使下降的红细胞ＧＲ活性回升，而不予补充维生素Ｂ＿２者的红细胞ＧＲ活性继续下降。光疗的时间越长，红细胞ＧＲ活性的下降越明显，补充维生素Ｂ＿２使红细胞ＧＲ活性回复到正常水平所需的时间也越长。短期光疗也可引起体内维生素Ｂ＿２的降解，导致红细胞ＧＲ活性的下降，为避免因红细胞ＧＲ活性下降引起的红细胞额外破坏，对接受光疗的黄疸新生儿常规补充维生素Ｂ＿２的是必要的。     

Altered calcium metabolism in red blood cells of hypertensives: Persistent marker or sequel of essential hypertension?

Summary The characteristics of the increased calcium (Ca) influx observed in metabolically depleted red blood cells (RBCs) of hypertensive patients were investigated. Twenty-four normotensives, 16 untreated essential hypertensives, and 10 essential hypertensives under sufficient blood pressure control by 50–100 mg/day atenolol were studied. Free intracellular concentrations of Ca, sodium (Na), and potassium (K) were assessed using ion-selective electrodes in freeze-thawed RBCs, which were metabolically depleted by 30 mM desoxy-glucose at 37°C for 48 h. In the treated hypertensives values for Ca and K at 24 and 48 h were not different from values for the normotensives, whereas elevated Ca was found in RBCs of untreated hypertensives. Na in treated hypertensives was significantly increased at 0 and 48 h, thus, being similar to values for untreated hypertensives. Additionally, RBCs of six normals were stressed in a glass/teflon potter. Before metabolic depletion electrolytes were not affected by this procedure, while Ca at 24 and 48 h of metabolic depletion increased to significantly higher values for the hypertensive patients as compared to the controls. These results suggest that the altered Ca metabolism in the RBCs of hypertensives may reflect a secondary phenomenon due to the mechanical damage to RBCs by the elevated blood pressure.     

Occupational dermatitis from Synacril Red 3B liquid (Cl Basic Red 22)

A carpet factory worker, exposed to a number of different dyes, developed a severe hand dermatitis. The handling of warm, wet and freshly-dyed yarn with unprotected hands was thought to have caused the onset of dermatitis. Patch testing indicated that the patient was sensitive to only one of the dyes handled, namely Synacril Red 3B liquid, which is based on the single dyestuff Basic Red 22 (CI 11055). Chemical analysis revealed the dyestuff to be of high purity (greater than 95%), suggesting that sensitization was caused by the Basic Red 22 dyestuff itself and not by an avoidable impurity.     

对“红包”现象的深层思考

本文试将“红包”现象由表及里的进行剖晰.(1)红包现象林林总总,从3点着笔.①红包之“风乍起,吹皱一池春水”;②红包类别、特性;③医患复杂心态(各7种).(2)红包现象的危害;(3)红包的综合治理“八抓”(抓教育,正向导廉;抓道德,自律清廉;抓制度,规范保廉;抓案例,褒贬倡廉;抓经常,时时冷廉;抓监督,约束促廉;抓评价,准绳测廉;抓支部,牢牢固廉).     

红色素基因RFLP及其与情感性精神病关系的研究

以红色素基因全长ｃＤＮＡ作探针，２０例正常人，２６例双相型情感性精神病患者进行ＲＦＬＰ分析。ＳａｃＩ酶切显示：部分正常人和部分患者基因组ＤＮＡ产生的７．５ｋｂ，４．８ｋｂ，４．５ｋｂ呈多态性改变的片段。正常人具多态改变的占４５％，患者为４６．２％，按Ｘ染色体数计，正常人出现７．５ｋｂ限制性片段的频率为１４．３％，患者为３２．４％，但两者差异不显著。     

几种谷物,鱼肉及贝肉中DNA含量测定

核酸是遗传的物质基础。近年来的某些研究表明，外源核酸在促进和改善大脑，骨髓，肠粘膜及血细胞等组织器官的代及功能活动上具有重要作用。本文采用经典的紫外分光光度法对几种谷物和几种鱼肉及贝肉中的ＤＮＡ含量进行了测定，为外源核酸的材料选择提供了参考。     

Ovine scrapie: Follow-up of sheep belonging to an endemic scrapie-infected flock

There is a close similarity between the unconventional virus-induced ovine scrapie and human Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Since infection might be transmitted orally, the ovine production of an endemically scrapie-infected farm was studied. About 80% of the annual production are sold (50% as butcher-meat, 30% as breeding animals), and scrapie appears in 20% of the sheep kept on the farm. Was the same proportion of butcher-meat animals scrapie-infected? Since the scrapie agent has been detected in “clinically normal” lambs, the same problem occurs with breeding-sheep and “apparently healthy” animals: are they carriers of the pathogenic agent? Are they responsible for the spread of the ovine disease and/or of the human disease?     

妊高征患者红细胞免疫粘附调节因子活性的测定

目的 :通过测定妊高征 (PIH)患者红细胞免疫粘附 (RCIA)调节因子活性 ,探讨PIH患者红细胞免疫功能改变的原因。方法 :测定 40例PIH患者和 30例正常孕妇的RCIA促进因子活性和抑制因子活性及红细胞补体受体花环率(RBCC3bRR% )、红细胞免疫复合物花环率 (RBCICR % )。结果 :与正常孕妇相比 ,PIH患者RCIA抑制因子活性明显升高 ,RBCC3bRR%及RBCICR %明显降低 (P <0 .0 1) ,RCIA促进因子活性无明显变化 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :PIH患者红细胞免疫功能原发低下 ,其原因可能与RCIA抑制因子活性增高有关     

恶性肿瘤患者红细胞变形性的研究(附153例临床分析)

观察153例恶性肿瘤(MT)患者红细胞变形能力(RCD)明显低于正常人(P<0.01),病情越重,RCD下降越明显。RCD下降与血液粘度增高、RBC膜过氧化性损害加重有关。血液粘度增高及RCD下降有利于肿瘤细胞的附壁、癌性血栓形成,使肿瘤免疫失效,有利于肿瘤生长及转移。认为RCD的检测对了解MT的病情及估计预后有重要意义。改善血流变性、提高RCD、有助于缓解肿瘤生长及转移的预防。