毒鼠磷毒杀社鼠的浓度选择

室内毒杀试验表明,0.1、0.3、0.5、0.7和1.0%的毒鼠磷大米毒饵对社鼠的毒杀效果均高达100%。适口性以0.1、0.3和0.5%毒饵最好,这3种浓度的毒饵摄食量显著或极显著高于0.7%和1.0%。因此,毒杀社鼠应选择0.5%以下浓度为好。     

闹羊花叶有毒成分的提取及灭鼠试验

探讨中草药闹羊花用于灭鼠的可行性。方法：在既往试验的基础上，笔者提取了闹羊花叶中根木毒素，并进行了灭鼠试验。结果：闹学花叶煎剂灌服黄胸鼠，20g千叶或80g鲜叶／kg体重，死亡率为100％；10g干叶或40g鲜叶／kg体重，死亡率为60％。闹羊花叶煎汁浸泡大米，16g、6．4g或3．g干叶／g（大米）对黄胸鼠的致死率分别为4．0％、0％、40％；而3．2g干叶／g（大米）对小家鼠的致死率为62．2％。结论：该有毒植物如再经一定的加工，用于灭鼠有一定前途。     

Marked for life? Effects of early cage‐cleaning frequency,delivery batch,and identification tail‐marking on rat anxiety profiles

Daily handling of preweanling rats reduces their adult anxiety. Even routine cage-cleaning, involving handling, reduces adult anxiety compared with controls. Cage-cleaning regimes differ between animal breeders, potentially affecting rodent anxiety and experimental results. Here, 92 adult male rats given different cage-cleaning rates as pups, were compared on plus-maze, hyponeophagia, corticosterone, and handling tests. They were pair-housed and half were tail-marked for identification. Anxiety/stress profiles were unaffected by cage-cleaning frequency, suggesting that commercial-typical differences in husbandry contribute little variance to adult rat behavior. However, delivery batch affected some elevated plus-maze measures. Also, tail-marked rats spent three times longer on the plus-maze open arms than their unmarked cagemates, suggesting reduced anxiety, yet paradoxically they showed greater chromodacryorrhoea responses to handling, implying increased aversion to human contact. A follow-up study showed that rats avoided the odor released from the marker pen used. Thus, apparently trivial aspects of procedure can greatly affect experimental results.     

Behavioral comparability of wild and domesticated rats

The oft-repeated concern for the lack of behavioral comparability of domestic rats with wild forms ofRattus norvegicus is unfounded. Laboratory rats appear to show the potential for all wild-type behaviors, including the most dramatic social postures. Moreover, domestics are capable of assuming a feral existence without difficulty, one where they readily behave in a fashion indistinguishable from wild rats. The one behavioral difference that is clearly established concerns performance in laboratory learning paradigms. The superiority of domestics in these laboratory tasks speaks more to quieting the concerns of degeneracy theorists than to problems of using domestic Norway rats as subjects representative of their species.     

Development of primary cell cultures from Nephrops norvegicus

This paper reports the first attempt to develop primary cell cultures from tissues (ovary, testes, hepatopancreas, haematopoietic tissue, heart, gut, gill, eye-stalk and nerve tissues) of the Dublin Bay prawn (also known as the Norwegian squat lobster and scampi) Nephrops norvegicus (L.) using Leibovitz's L-15, MEM and M199 media supplemented with 5, 10 or 20 percent (w/v) foetal bovine serum (FBS). The best results were achieved with ovary tissues in 2× Leibovitz's L-15. Also, primary cell cultures were developed with testicular and haematopoietic tissues. With ovary tissues, results with 5 percent (w/v) FBS at an osmolality of 800 mOsm/kg were superior for the maintenance of epithelial-type cells, and enabled longer survival, i.e. more than 3 months. Little success was achieved with M199 and MEM media. One subculture of ovary cells was obtained.     

Prevalence of hantavirus infection in wild Rattus norvegicus and R. rattus populations of Buenos Aires City, Argentina

Objective  To determine the prevalence of infection with hantaviruses in wild Rattus norvegicus and R. rattus populations in areas of Buenos Aires city.
Methods  Norway rats and black rats were trapped from 2003 to 2005 at 10 sites throughout Buenos Aires city. Blood samples for serological analysis were collected by cardiac puncture from all individuals captured and tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Seoul hantavirus- and Andes virus-specific IgG antibodies.
Results  Hantavirus seroprevalence was 11.9% in R. norvegicus ( n  = 151), varying between 0% and 26.1% depending on the site. Bigger sexually active males were more likely to be infected with Seoul virus than females or juvenile individuals. No antibody-reactive rodents were detected among 33 R. rattus analysed.
Conclusion  Hantavirus infections are geographically widespread in Buenos Aires city and confirm that they have been enzootic there for at least 20 years.     

乳鼠肋间神经雪旺氏细胞培养

目的 通过12只2至4天大鼠(乳鼠)的肋间神经的雪旺氏细胞(SC)培养,获得原代雪旺氏细胞;方法 组织块反复种植法;结果 所有的肋间神经培养均能成活;结论 肋间神经是培养雪旺氏细胞的又一良好材料,在不增加成本的前提下,一只乳鼠上可获得更多的雪旺氏细胞.     

云南省保山市黄胸鼠寄生蚤的组成及时间分布

目的了解云南省保山市黄胸鼠寄生蚤类的组成及时间分布特征。方法根据保山地区1986-1989年鼠体蚤监测资料进行统计和分析。结果(1)该地黄胸鼠寄生蚤由缓慢细蚤(Leptopsylla segnis)、印鼠客蚤(Xenopsylla cheopis)、不等单蚤(Monopsyllus anisus)等12种构成,其中以缓慢细蚤为优势种(占蚤类总数的67.61(),其次是印鼠客蚤(占蚤类总数的24.64(),而其他种类数量相对较少;(2)根据蚤类季节消长变化趋势看出:2、4月蚤指数出现两个小高峰,9月份在气温和湿度都较高的情况下,蚤指数升到全年的最高值,以后开始出现下降的趋势,此变化趋势与当地温、湿度有一定的关系。结论保山市黄胸鼠寄生蚤以非鼠疫媒介蚤缓慢细蚤的数量占绝对优势,而主要媒介印鼠客蚤数量相对较少。黄胸鼠体蚤类的组成及空间配置状况,是形成和影响重要媒介印鼠客蚤的指数较低和该市多年来未发生鼠疫流行的重要因素。     

2000～2009年隆林县鼠疫主要宿主黄胸鼠密度及体表蚤监测分析

[目的]了解隆林县鼠疫自然疫源地内主要宿主黄胸鼠及其体表蚤的种类、构成和季节消长,为制定鼠疫防制对策提供依据。[方法]对隆林县2000-2009年鼠疫疫区处理、监测资料和鼠疫专题调查资料进行分析。[结果]2000-2009年累计布笼146 206笼次,捕获黄胸鼠3 956只,平均鼠密度为2.71%。平均鼠密度,各年分别为5.09%、1.39%、6.20%、2.04%、3.98%、2.26%、2.57%、2.61%、2.63%、2.75%,1-12月分别为2.71%、2.78%、3.17%、3.23%、3.35%、2.99%、2.59%、2.43%、1.82%、2.15%、2.94%、2.11%。2000-2009年合计梳检黄胸鼠3 956只,染蚤的1 143只,平均染蚤率为28.89%,收集体表蚤4 101匹,平均蚤指数为1.04。4 101匹蚤中,印鼠客蚤占78.59%（印鼠客蚤指数为0.81）,缓慢细蚤占18.09%,不等单蚤占2.17%,猫栉首蚤占0.63%,人蚤占0.49%,伍氏病蚤占0.02%。[结论]隆林县黄胸鼠密度和鼠体表蚤指数较高,印鼠客蚤是体表蚤的优势蚤种。