雷州市黄胸鼠对杀鼠灵的抗药性调查

目的检测捕自广东省雷州市的黄胸鼠在应用第二代抗凝血灭鼠剂数年后对第一代药物的抗性发生水平。方法将捕自雷州市郊的黄胸鼠室内预饲一段时间后,选择合格试鼠,配制0.005%杀鼠灵毒饵采用无选择性摄食试验法饲毒（LFP法）,观察并分析试鼠的死亡率与食毒量的关系。结果黄胸鼠抗性检测合格试鼠共36只,检测结束后试鼠因药物死亡32只,试鼠对杀鼠灵的抗性发生率为11.11%,接近抗性种群形成临界水平;死亡试鼠性别间在致死剂量和死亡时间上差异无统计学意义（df=30,Pd=0.987,Pt=0.971）;全部死亡试鼠平均食毒剂量（115.71±53.84）mg/kg,平均死亡时间（7.2±2.4）d。结论在抗凝血灭鼠剂的使用过程中要定期监测害鼠对药物的敏感度变化趋势,为药物灭鼠的选择提供依据,以节省有限的药物资源。     

Molecular survey of rodent-borne Trypanosoma in Niger with special emphasis on T. lewisi imported by invasive black rats

Invading rodent species can harbor parasites with potential transmission to native rodents and/or humans. To investigate trypanosomes prevalence in rodents, the spleen of 76 rodents from Niger identified by their karyotype was used as a DNA source for Trypanosoma detection using a newly developed qPCR assay. Of the invasive black rat, Rattus rattus, 71% (10/14) were PCR positive as well as 6% (4/62) of native African rodents. Sequences of ∼400 bp of the SSU rDNA gene identified phylogenetically close Trypanosoma lineages. Trypanosoma lewisi was present in all positive black rats and the sequences displayed 100% similarity with T. lewisi-infected humans in Senegal. T. lewisi was also detected in one Acomys johannis, suggesting a possible transmission to native species. In addition to improved knowledge of Trypanosoma diversity in rodents, our data underscore the introduction of the potentially pathogenic T. lewisi kinetoplastid through the human-mediated invasion of black rats all over West Africa.     

Reversible antispermatogenic and antisteroidogenic activities of Feronia limonia fruit pulp in adult male rats

Objective

To explore the antispermatogenic and testicular antisteroidogenic activities of Feronia limonia fruit pulp southern India.

Methods

Fourty Wistar male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) were equally divided into four groups. Experimental groups were administered with the ethanolic extract of Feronia limonia (F. limoni) fruit pulp at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight once daily for 55 days. All treated rats had corresponding recovery groups. At the end of each treatment periods, various spermatological indices, tissue biochemicals and testicular enzymes levels were analysed. Blood profiles were also estimated.

Results

Compared with the control, the F. limonia fruit pulp at both dose levels did not decrease body weight, which were associated with decline in epididymal sperm count, motility, viability and increased percent of abnormal sperm. Further, F. limonia fruit pulp at 500 mg/kg body weight markedly reduced the epididymal and testicular protein content by 24.58% and 29.86%, respectively, as well as the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and Δ⁵-3β-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase) levels by 42.82% and 38.08%, respectively, while a significant elevation was observed in testicular cholesterol and ascorbic acid content. A gradual recovery of all parameters was observed after 55 days of treatment withdrawal. No significant alterations in haematological indices were observed.

Conclusions

The present findings indicate that F. limonia fruit pulp may have reversible antispermatogenic and antisteroidogenic properties, and could partially support the traditional use as male contraceptive.     

南通市褐家鼠对杀鼠灵的抗药性研究

目的了解南通市褐家鼠对杀鼠灵的抗药性。方法采用实验室无选择性摄食试验。结果南通市区14只褐家鼠在观察期内全部死亡,平均死亡天数6.2d,平均消耗杀鼠灵原药13.30mg/kg,雌、雄鼠平均死亡时间相比较差异无统计学意义(T=1.299,P=0.218),但平均致死时间地区差异有统计学意义(T=2.932,P=0.013)。结论第一代凝血酶灭鼠剂可继续用于毒杀褐家鼠,但褐家鼠对药物的敏感程度有所下降,有出现个体抗性的趋势。     

Rodent empathy and affective neuroscience

In the past few years, several experimental studies have suggested that empathy occurs in the social lives of rodents. Thus, rodent behavioral models can now be developed to elucidate the mechanistic substrates of empathy at levels that have heretofore been unavailable. For example, the finding that mice from certain inbred strains express behavioral and physiological responses to conspecific distress, while others do not, underscores that the genetic underpinnings of empathy are specifiable and that they could be harnessed to develop new therapies for human psychosocial impairments. However, the advent of rodent models of empathy is met at the outset with a number of theoretical and semantic problems that are similar to those previously confronted by studies of empathy in humans. The distinct underlying components of empathy must be differentiated from one another and from lay usage of the term. The primary goal of this paper is to review a set of seminal studies that are directly relevant to developing a concept of empathy in rodents. We first consider some of the psychological phenomena that have been associated with empathy, and within this context, we consider the component processes, or endophenotypes of rodent empathy. We then review a series of recent experimental studies that demonstrate the capability of rodents to detect and respond to the affective state of their social partners. We focus primarily on experiments that examine how rodents share affective experiences of fear, but we also highlight how similar types of experimental paradigms can be utilized to evaluate the possibility that rodents share positive affective experiences. Taken together, these studies were inspired by Jaak Panksepp's theory that all mammals are capable of felt affective experiences.     

Effect of Trichostatin A on miRNA expression in cultures of primary rat hepatocytes

In the present study, the effect of Trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, was investigated on the microRNA (miR, miRNA) expression profile in cultured primary rat hepatocytes by means of microarray analysis. Simultaneously, albumin secretory capacity and morphological features of the hepatocytes were evaluated throughout the culture time. In total, 25 out of 348 miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed between freshly isolated hepatocytes and 7-day cultured cells. Nineteen of these miRNAs were connected with ‘general metabolism’. miR-21 and miR-126 were shown to be the most up and down regulated miRs upon cultivation and could be linked to the proliferative response triggered in the hepatocytes upon their isolation from the liver. miR-379 and miR-143, on the other hand, were found to be the most up and down regulated miRs upon TSA treatment. Together with the higher expression of miR-122 observed in TSA-treated versus non-treated cultures, we hypothesize that the changes observed for miR-122, miR-143 and miR-379 could be related to the inhibitory effects of TSA on hepatocellular proliferation.     

贵阳市黄胸鼠对溴敌隆的抗性及大隆对抗性鼠杀灭效果观察

目的调查贵阳市黄胸鼠对溴敌隆抗药性及大隆对抗性鼠的杀灭效果。方法无选择摄食试验。溴敌隆、大隆现场灭鼠试验比较。结果黄胸鼠对溴敌隆无选择摄食试验:死亡率70%,平均致死天数10d,平均致死剂量49.26mg/kg,存活鼠3只,平均存活剂量71.95mg/kg。黄胸鼠对大隆无选择摄食试验:死亡率100%,平均致死天数6天,平均致死剂量9.4mg/kg。溴敌隆现场灭鼠试验:灭后密度下降率65.0%,大隆现场灭鼠试验:灭后密度下降率96.3%。结论贵阳市存在抗溴敌隆的抗性鼠,大隆能有效的杀灭抗性鼠。