4～6年级城市小学生沉溺电脑游戏倾向的相关因素分析

[目的]了解小学生沉溺电脑游戏倾向的影响因素。[方法]对某大城市887名4～6年级城市小学生进行无记名问卷调查。[结果]12.7%的学生有沉溺电脑游戏倾向(男生为16.4%,女生为8.4%)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,小学生沉溺电脑游戏倾向与性别、年级、某些家庭环境因素(父母亲具有大专及以上学历,未反对学生玩电脑游戏、父或母亲也玩电脑游戏、不良的家教方式、双亲关系紧张、父母与学生关系不够融洽、学生每月零用钱大于100元等)、学校环境因素(课外活动单调、要好的同学伙伴有沉溺电脑游戏倾向等)相关联。[结论]小学生沉溺电脑游戏行为的预防教育和干预应尽早开始,并需要家庭、学校、社会全方位参与和共同行动。     

Neuro-Ophthalmic Literature Review

This review article is dealing with the clinically relevant pupil research work, during the eighties and nineties and its consequences for the neuro-ophthalmologist. Suggestions for pupil examinations including pharmacological testing and handling of various pupillary disorders are given. The article covers the following items: (1) The pupil and the afferent visual system, (2) Parasympathetic pupillary dysfunction, (3) Disorders of the sympathetic pupillary innervation (Horners syndrome), (4) Other issues, including the pupil in diabetes mellitus, iris related pupillary disorders, the pupil as an indicator of vigilance, and the pupillary near reflex.     

颅脑损伤双瞳孔散大病人的急救

目的：讨论颅脑损伤双瞳孔散大病人的急救措施，降低病死率。方法：分析了104例双瞳孔散大病人在抢救室行气管插管、颈内动脉注射甘露醇、颅骨钻孔减压、再根据瞳孔回缩情况决定是否手术及术式的抢救经验。结果：按GOS判断，恢复良好31．7％，中残4．8％，重残3．8％，植物生存3．8％，病死55．7％。结论：紧急气管插管、颈内动脉注射甘露醇、颅骨钻孔减压是有效的急救措施；若瞳孔回缩后开颅手术疗效好，若不回缩开颅手术无价值。     

经济发达地区村镇小学生行为问题及多因素分析

目的探讨村镇小学生行为问题及其与心理社会因素的关系。方法采用Rutter儿童行为问卷，儿童Nowicki-Strickland内外控制量表（CNSIE），艾森克人格问卷儿童版（EPQj），调查浙江余杭市塘栖三小三至六年级学生271名。结果行为问题检出率教师问卷和父母问卷分别为17.0％、22.1％。相关和多元分析显示，行为问题的发生与心理控制源、EPQj—N分呈正相关，与成绩、EPQj—L分呈负相关。结论经济发达地区村镇小学生存在较多行为问题，应早期加强责任感、自控力和健全人格等方面的培养，并重视差生的行为教育。     

Tolerance to the mydriatic effect of buprenorphine,butorphanol, nalbuphine,and cyclorphan,and cross-tolerance to morphine in mice

An increase in the use of opioid derivatives in the treatment of pain syndrome in clinical practice, and especially in the treatment of cancer, has added impetus to the search for an agent which does not induce tolerance and cross-tolerance to other opiodis. The mydriatic effect of opioids in mice, the correlation between analgesia and mydriasis, and tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine in mice were evaluated previously. In the present work, tolerance to the mydriatic effect of four agonist-antagonists and cross-tolerance to morphine were examined. Measurement of the pupillary diameter was performed using a binocular operating microscope. Tolerance and cross-tolerance to morphine were developed following a chronic use of buprenorphine, nalbuphine, and cyclorphan. After chronic injection of butorphanol, no tolerance or cross-tolerance to morphine was observed.     

济南市2001年两所小学流行性腮腺炎流行病学调查分析

20 0 1年是济南市流行性腮腺炎流行年 ,为了解济南市流行情况 ,我们对济南市区两所小学 12 0 0人进行了流行病学调查。首例病人出现在 2月 8日 ,7月 14日后无新病人发生。高峰为 5月上旬。共出现病人102例 ,罹患率为 8.50%。男女之比为 1.22∶1(5 6∶46 ,P <0.01)。各年级罹患率差别极显著 (P <0.01) ,以二年级最高 (26/161,16.15 % ) ,三年级最低 (7/180 ,3.89% )。体温升高 81人 (79.41% ) ,其中 5 0人体温高于 38 5℃(49.02 % ) ,头痛、呕吐 2 7人 (2 6.47% ) ,睾丸炎 2人 (1.96% ) ,需要输液治疗的 48人 (47.06 % )。在发病的 102人中 ,32人有国产流行性腮腺炎疫苗接种史 (31.37% ) ,占总接种人数的 9.20 % (32 /348)。 6月 1日以后对 252名无流行性腮腺炎疫苗接种史的未发病人员紧急接种麻风腮疫苗 ,发病人数明显减少 ,及时阻止了流行性腮腺炎的传播。     

Anterior cingulate activity during error and autonomic response

The contribution of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) to human cognition remains unclear. The rostral (rACC) and dorsal (dACC) ACC cortex are implicated in tasks that require increased response control due to emotional and cognitive interference, respectively. However, both rACC and dACC are activated by conditions that induce changes in visceral arousal, suggesting that ACC supports a generation of integrated bodily responses. To clarify the relationship between purely cognitive and psychophysiological accounts of ACC function, we scanned 15 subjects using functional magnetic resonance imaging while they performed numerical versions of the Stroop task. To index autonomic arousal, we simultaneously measured pupil diameter. Performance errors accounted for most of the variance in a pupil-derived measure of evoked autonomic arousal. In analysis of the functional imaging data, activity within a region spanning rACC and dACC predicted trial-by-trial variation in autonomic response magnitude and was enhanced during error trials, shown using conjunction analyses. Activity within other loci within rACC predicted evoked autonomic arousal and showed sensitivity to errors but did not meet criteria for both. These data highlight the role of ACC in psychophysiological aspects of error processing and suggest that an interface exists within ACC between cognitive and biobehavioral systems in the service of response adaptation.     

应用虹膜识别技术测量准分子激光角膜原位磨镶术中瞳孔中心移位和眼球旋转

目的 探讨准分子激光角膜原位磨镶术(LASIK)中应用虹膜识别技术测量因瞳孔直径变化和体位改变引起的瞳孔中心移位和眼球旋转.方法 术前通过Zywave波阵面像差仪和术中Technolas 217z准分子激光机中虹膜识别软件测量81眼的瞳孔中心移位距离和眼球旋转角度.结果 瞳孔直径由4.5～5.5 mm散大至6.0～7.5 mm,瞳孔中心水平方向(X轴)移位(55.81±56.25)μm、范围为0～244 μm,垂直方向(Y轴)移位(74.01±53.75) μm,范围为5～246 μm,矢量方向移位(99.65±67.32) μm,范围为12 ～260 μm,眼球旋转1.15°±0.98°、范围为0～4.34°.体位改变引起的瞳孔中心水平方向(X轴)移位(59.23 ±.51.38) μm、范围为0～244 μm,垂直方向(Y轴)移位(73.12±56.08)μm、范围为1～250μm,矢量方向移位(100.04±64.68)μm、范围为13 ～265 μm,眼球旋转3.81°±2.75°、范围为0～9.9°,其中27只眼(33.33％)的眼球旋转超过5°.右眼和左眼因瞳孔直径和体位改变引起的瞳孔中心移位和眼球旋转角度之间差异均无统计学差异.结论 瞳孔直径变化和体位改变均可以导致瞳孔中心移位和眼球旋转,应用虹膜识别技术可以准确测量和校正移位距离和旋转度数.     

深圳市西乡街道小学生碘营养状况调查

目的了解深圳市西乡街道小学生甲状腺健康状况的背景资料,为科学地评价推行食盐加碘预防碘缺乏病(IDD)效果提供依据。方法通过分层整群抽样选取辖区内年龄在6～12岁范围内的小学生为调查对象,进行甲状腺肿临床触诊检查、B超检查、尿碘含量测定和家中食用盐碘含量测定。结果学生甲状腺检查共2 150例,触诊和B超检查肿大率分别为1.16%和0.70%。食用碘盐共检测2 102份,合格率为95.05%。小学生尿碘共检测508份,尿碘含量中位数为185μg/L(51.4～612.2μg/L),其中9.65%的小学生尿碘含量低于100μg/L。结论西乡街道小学生甲状腺肿大率符合国家IDD消除标准要求,但部分居民碘盐摄入状况有待改善。     

青州市小学生眼病患病率与学校的对应分析及结果应用

目的探索山东省青州市小学生主要眼病患病率与学校之间的对应关系以及不同眼病间的聚集性;指导学校的防治工作。方法应用对应分析对青州市12所小学15种眼病发病资料进行分析。结果得到各地区和各眼病的公因子及其负荷系数,并根据第一、二因子负荷系数绘制因子负荷平面图,可以分析不同眼病间的聚集性及其高发与低发学校的分布。结论将变量与研究单位结合起来的对应分析是对因子分析的有益补充,它可以分析二维数据阵的行因素与列因素之关系,达到研究目的。