Selective promotion by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride of peripheral and spinal cord neuropathies initiated by diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate in the hen

This paper reports studies in hens showing that diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP) neuropathy is promoted by PMSF when initiated either in central (spinal cord) or peripheral nervous system. Moreover, the critical site for promotion is in peripheral nerve axons rather than in their cell bodies. Selective promotion in peripheral nerves was achieved by giving PMSF into sciatic artery monolaterally (7 mg/kg) to birds where neuropathy was initiated by DFP, either systemically (0.3 mg/kg s.c.) or intra-arterially (0.04 mg/kg in the same artery). Birds developed monolateral neuropathy in the leg where PMSF was delivered. Promotion of spinal cord neuropathy was achieved by giving PMSF (120 mg/kg s.c.) to birds where neuropathy was initiated selectively in spinal cord. This was obtained by protecting peripheral axons with intra-arterial bilateral injections of PMSF (0.55 × 2 mg/kg) followed by DFP (0.3, 0.4 or 0.7 mg/kg s.c.). The resulting syndrome was characterized by spastic ataxia.     

中国流感疫苗应用现状及促进预防接种的政策探讨

流感是一种疫苗可预防性疾病,每年接种流感疫苗是预防流感及其并发症的最有效手段。流感疫苗在我国是二类疫苗,年平均接种率仅2%~3%。接种率低的原因包括公众对流感和流感疫苗认知不足、医务人员极少推荐、接种服务可及性和费用等。为促进我国流感疫苗的预防接种,降低流感对公众的健康危害和经济负担,应考虑采取综合政策措施积极推动流感疫苗预防接种工作,包括采用不同筹资方式和机制,提高重点人群的接种意愿和接种率、改进免疫服务公平性的效果和效率;提高医务人员和公众对流感和疫苗预防的认识,改进临床预防实践,通过制订临床指南、路径、专家共识等多种渠道,推动临床医生对流感疫苗预防接种建议的推荐;加快预防接种工作体系建设,为公众提供更方便、可及和规范的预防接种;加大新型流感疫苗研发支持力度,加快新型流感疫苗上市应用;修订我国药典中"妊娠期妇女为流感疫苗接种禁忌"的条款。     

健康促进模式（2002版）及其应用

美国护理学家Nolar J．Pender的健康促进模式（health promotion model，HPM），作为原因模式和健康教育策略，已被多个国家的护理实践和护理研究所使用。基于科研研究结果的分析，2002年版“健康促进模式”包含三组共10个类别的健康-促进行为决定因素。作者介绍Pender健康促进模式，将其作为原因模式应用于个案的健康教育，并对此模式在中国文化及健康护理系统背景下的应用作评价和展望。     

某校藏族学生健康素养调查

目的了解某校藏族学生健康素养现状,为健康教育开展提供依据。方法在{2009中国公民健康素养调查问卷》基础上自行设计问卷,抽取某校139名大学生进行调查。结果该校藏族学生健康素养知晓率为41．92％,健康基本知识与理念、健康生活方式与行为、基本技能素养知晓率分别为45．32％、29．08％和61．15％。结论该校藏族学生健康素养知晓率高于全国居民相应水平,但其自身健康生活方式与行为素养的知晓率低于其他项目,建议该校加强藏族学生健康素养教育,注重其生活方式与行为的培养。     

慢性病健康促进策略对南京市社区居民干预效果评价

目的：了解健康促进前后社区居民（包括健康群体和慢性病群体）对慢性病危险因素的知晓率变化情况。方法：采用随机整群抽样方法对南京市2个社区1130名25岁以上常住人口进行慢性病健康促进干预前后的入户问卷调查。结果：干预5个月后居民对慢性病危险因素的知晓率均高于干预前,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。调查对象对高血压危险因素的知晓率由干预前的27．14％提升到46．08％,对糖尿病危险因素的知晓率由干预前的20．21％提升到33．33％。结论：慢性病健康促进策略能提高居民对慢性病危险因素的知晓率,并能促使整个人群的健康行为更加规范。     

Men's Health Initiative of British Columbia: connecting the dots

The Men's Health Initiative of British Columbia (MHIBC) was created as a large-scale umbrella initiative aimed at connecting the dots by identifying, coordinating, and consolidating the existing foci of excellence across the many domains of male health in the province, enabling widespread community and professional education, risk assessment, prevention-promotion, screening, and early diagnosis. The MHIBC will reach out to men across all ages, races, and socioeconomic groups and will apply a male lens to current and future health research, health promotion, awareness, and health policy development.     

厦门市以肥胖为切入点发展健康促进学校项目中期效果评价

[目的]通过实施以肥胖控制为切入点发展健康促进学校项目,探讨适合我市的预防和控制儿童肥胖的有效措施。[方法]在项目学校严格按照健康促进学校的六大方面要求进行创建活动并有重点地开展肥胖干预,于干预前后按年度对学生、家长、教职工进行问卷调查和肥胖率调查。[结果]项目校学生正确知识、态度、行为持有率显著提高,实施干预活动2年后,肥胖率从28.6%下降到12.4%,与对照校相比差异显著（P﹤0.05）。[结论]学校的创建活动和肥胖干预工作对学生产生了良好的教育和引导作用,同时有效地控制了学生的肥胖率,中国/WHO以肥胖为切入点发展健康促进学校项目非常值得作为一项可持续发展的工作继续推行。     

Chronic liver injury by thioacetamide and promotion of hepatic carcinogenesis

Summary To verify whether a mild, but prolonged liver injury by chemicals needing bioactivation causes both hepatic cirrhosis and the appearance of hepatocyte nodules and tumors (providing the liver has been exposed previously to initiating stimuli), diethylnitrosamine-initiated and uninitiated rats were administered thioacetamide at low dose (250 mg/l drinking water) for 6 months. Hepatocyte nodule incidence as well as changes in the drug-metabolizing system were followed at monthly intervals. In the uninitiated rats a micronodular liver cirrhosis slowly developed upon thioacetamide chronic administration; a few hepatocyte focal lesions of small size were seen from the 3rd month onward. By contrast in the diethylnitrosamine-initiated thioacetamide-treated rats the liver was macronodular because of the appearance and growth of many hepatocyte nodules; some hepatomas were also seen. During thioacetamide administration both uninitiated and diethylnitrosamine-initiated rats underwent a progressive decrease of the cytochrome P-450 liver content as well as of the activity of aminopyrine N-demethylase, ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase. On the other hand, most components of the phase II of the drug-metabolizing system were markedly enhanced. In conclusion, chronic administration of thioacetamide at low doses provided strong promoting stimuli for previously initiated hepatocytes.     

Can Health Promoting Schools contribute to the better health and wellbeing of young people? The Hong Kong experience

BACKGROUND: The Health Promoting School (HPS) is a WHO sponsored framework, compiled to enable education and health sectors to be more effective in school based initiatives. AIMS: This study attempted to test the hypothesis that students from schools that had comprehensively embraced the HPS concept as indicated by the Healthy School Award, were better, in terms of health risk behaviour, self reported health status, and academic results, than students from schools that did not reach the standard of the award. METHODS AND RESULTS: The results presented came from nine schools (four primary and five secondary) applying for accreditation of the Healthy Schools Award after adopting the HPS framework for two years. Regular consultancy support and training were available to all schools. Students had completed before and after surveys to assess their health behaviours, self reported health status, and academic standing before the two year intervention, and at its end. Data from the before and after surveys of the students attending schools that reached certain level of HPS standard as indicated by the award, were compared with students whose schools did not receive the award, and the results showed differences. Some differences were found to be more significant among the primary school students than secondary schools students. This illustrated early intervention for lifestyle changes to be more effective. Students' satisfaction with life also improved if their schools adopted the concept of HPS comprehensively. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that comprehensive implementation of HPS would contribute to differences in certain behaviours and self reported health and academic status.