羟丙甲纤维素滴眼液工艺改进

目的:提高羟丙甲纤维素滴眼液的可见异物合格率。方法:通过正交试验设计进行工艺改进。结果:羟丙甲纤维素滴眼液工艺调整为:溶解温度90-95℃,冷却时间为1.5小时,静置8小时后,可见异物合格率由原来的34.67%提高至70%以上。     

长期站立位部队战士精索静脉彩超检查结果分析

目的探讨部队战士长期站立位对精索静脉曲张的影响。方法选择重庆市总队7支队5个中队长期执行站立位执勤、训练的新兵200名,分别在入伍、入伍1年、入伍2年三个时间点,应用彩色多普勒超声检测其平静呼吸和Valsalva状态下精索静脉内径(DR)、持续反流时间(TR)、睾丸体积。结果入伍新兵、1年、2年兵DR>1.8mm的分别为1例、7例、18例。TR>1.0ms的分别为0例、5例、17例。睾丸体积<11ml的分别为0例、1例、7例。随病程延长,出现临床症状的在1年兵有5例,2年兵有16例,与TR>1.0ms出现的时间点刚好吻合。结论长期站立位易导致精索静脉内径增宽,持续反流时间延长,睾丸体积缩小,时间越长,症状越重。     

浅谈门诊医生站建设中的管理机制

广安门医院在门诊医生工作站的应用过程中,注重培训以提高业务部门的规范应用、强调各部门间的协调机制,并通过制定应急措施完善管理手段。在此基础上,进一步分析探讨了管理在门诊医生站的实施和后续建设过程中所起到的作用。     

Effect of masticating chewing gum on postural stability during upright standing

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of masticating chewing gum on postural stability during upright standing. To address this issue, 12 healthy subjects performed quiet standing on a force platform for the posturography study. The subjects were instructed to stand as stable as possible on the force platform in order to record the trajectory of the center-of-pressure (COP). After measuring the postural sway in the initial condition (pre-condition), the subjects were asked to stand while masticating chewing gum (gum-condition). Following the gum-condition, quiet standing without mastication was evaluated (post-condition) to ensure the effect of masticating chewing gum on postural stability. The trajectory and velocity of the COP were analyzed for each condition. We found that the postural stability tended to enhance during mastication of chewing gum. The rectangle area of the COP trajectory significantly diminished in the gum-condition and significantly enlarged in the post-condition. A similar effect was observed in the maximum velocity and standard deviation (SD) of the fore-aft amplitude of the COP trajectory. The values were significantly smaller in the gum-condition compared to those in the post-condition. These findings suggest that mastication of chewing gum affects the postural control by enhancing the postural stability during upright standing.     

Association of unipedal standing time and bone mineral density in community-dwelling Japanese women

Summary  Bone mineral density (BMD) and physical performance of the lower extremities decrease with age. In community-dwelling Japanese women, unipedal standing time, timed up and go test, and age are associated with BMD while in women aged 70 years and over, unipedal standing time is associated with BMD. Introduction  The aim of this study was to clarify whether unipedal standing time is significantly associated with BMD in community-dwelling women. Methods  The subjects were 90 community-dwelling Japanese women aged 54.7 years. BMD of the second metacarpal bone was measured by computed X-ray densitometry. We measured unipedal standing time as well as timed up and go test to assess physical performance of the lower extremities. Results  Unipedal standing time decreased with increased age. Timed up and go test significantly correlated with age. Low BMD was significantly associated with old age, short unipedal standing time, and long timed up and go test. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that age, unipedal standing time, and timed up and go test were significant factors associated with BMD. In 21 participants aged 70 years and over, body weight and unipedal standing time, but not age, were significantly associated with BMD. Conclusion  BMD and physical performance of the lower extremities decrease with older age. Unipedal standing time, timed up and go test, and age are associated with BMD in community-dwelling Japanese women. In women aged 70 years and over, unipedal standing time is significantly associated with BMD.     

QT间期延长综合征与麻醉

QT间期延长综合征(long QT syndrome,LQTS)是由于离子通道变异,可引起致死性心律失常的一类疾病.围术期是LQTS的高危时期.此文总结了各种麻醉药物对QT间期的影响,以及LQTS患者围术期处理的注意事项,但尚不能确定最合理的麻醉方法,未来的研究应着重于手术期间的生理和药理对跨壁复极离散度的影响.     

Development of pharmacoresistance to benzodiazepines but not cannabinoids in the hippocampal neuronal culture model of status epilepticus

Status epilepticus (SE) is a life-threatening neurological disorder associated with a significant morbidity and mortality. Benzodiazepines are the initial drugs of choice for the treatment of SE. Despite aggressive treatment, over 40% of SE cases are refractory to the initial treatment with two or more medications. It would be a major advance in the clinical management of SE to identify novel anticonvulsant agents that do not lose their ability to treat SE with increasing seizure duration. Cannabinoids have recently been demonstrated to regulate seizure activity in brain. However, it remains to be seen whether they develop pharmacoresistance upon prolonged SE. In this study, we used low Mg(2+) to induce SE in hippocampal neuronal cultures and in agreement with animal models and human SE confirm the development of resistance to benzodiazepine with increasing durations of SE. Thus, lorazepam (1 microM) was effective in blocking low Mg(2+) induced high-frequency spiking for up to 30 min into SE. However, by 1 h and 2 h of SE onset it was only 10-15% effective in suppressing SE. In contrast, the cannabinoid type-1 (CB1) receptor agonist, WIN 55,212-2 (1 microM) in a CB1 receptor-dependent manner completely abolished SE at all the time points tested even out to 2 h after SE onset, a condition where resistance developed to lorazepam. Thus, the use of cannabinoids in the treatment of SE may offer a unique approach to controlling SE without the development of pharmacoresistance observed with conventional treatments.     

Cardiovascular regulation during upright standing behavior in conscious rats

Although rats often show an upright standing behavior the cardiovascular response during the behavior has not yet been fully clarified. In this study we quantified the activity of upright standing behavior in rats using infrared beam detectors and measured cardiovascular variables during the behavior. Rats demonstrated a high level of upright standing activity as they showed the upright posture more than 500 times per day at 10 weeks of age. The average upright standing duration time was less than 10s. Arterial pressure slightly decreased while heart rate increased in response to the behavior and these responses were not affected by sino-aortic denervation. Our results indicate that other mechanisms such as the vestibulo-cardiovascular reflex may completely compensate the lack of the baroreceptor reflex to maintain cardiovascular homeostasis in response to acute positional changes in rats. Moreover rats demonstrate complex integrative mechanisms maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis against the upright standing behavior which frequently occurs in rats.     

Sedentary lifestyle as a risk factor for low back pain: a systematic review

Objectives  To review systematically studies examining the association between sedentary lifestyle and low back pain (LBP) using a comprehensive definition of sedentary behaviour including prolonged sitting both at work and during leisure time. Methods  Journal articles published between 1998 and 2006 were obtained by searching computerized bibliographical databases. Quality assessment of studies employing a cohort or case–control design was performed to assess the strength of the evidence. Results  Using pre-determined keywords, we identified 1,778 titles of which 1,391 were considered irrelevant. Then, 20 of the remaining 387 publications were scrutinized for full review after an examination of all the 387 abstracts. Finally, 15 studies (10 prospective cohorts and 5 case–controls) were included in the methodological quality assessment, of which 8 (6 cohorts and 2 case–controls; 53%) were classified as high-quality studies. One high-quality cohort study reported a positive association, between LBP and sitting at work only; all other studies reported no significant associations. Hence, there was limited evidence to demonstrate that sedentary behaviour is a risk factor for developing LBP. Conclusions  The present review confirms that sedentary lifestyle by itself is not associated with LBP.     

Crossed cerebellar diaschisis during migraine with prolonged aura: a possible mechanism for cerebellar infarctions

Migraineurs with frequent aura (≥1 per month) are at a 12-fold increased risk of posterior circulation infarctions. Although the mechanism is unclear, these lesions are located in the arterial borderzone of the cerebellum. This case illustrates, for the first time, crossed cerebellar diaschisis in a patient with migraine with prolonged aura, and raises the possibility that hypoperfusion may be responsible in part for the development of these lesions.