医疗环境控制思路与措施——《日间手术中心设施建设标准》内容解读

针对团标《日间手术中心设施建设标准》结合日间手术中心的特点,阐述了日间手术环境控制暖通空调方面的编写思路、条文要求与实施措施。     

2000~2019年4起重症监护病房火灾的分析与思考

重症监护病房(ICU)内易燃物多、高精尖设备多。为了做好其防火工作,文章搜集了2000~2019年我国境内医院ICU的4起火灾,对火灾时间、医院等级、起火部位和直接原因进行统计分析,提出了具体的防范措施。     

Long-Term Care Facilities (LTCFs) During the COVID-19 Pandemic—Lessons From the Asian Approach: A Narrative Review

ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic put into question the organizational skills of LTCF. The containment measures implemented in several Asian countries avoided heavy death tolls in LTCF in contrast to other countries across the globe. The aim of this review is therefore to investigate and illustrate the measures that were undertaken in Asia to contain and prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in LTCF.DesignNarrative review.Setting and ParticipantsAsian older subjects institutionalized in LTCF.MethodsBroad literature research from July 2020–April 2021. The following search terms were used: “COVID-19 Nursing homes” AND the country of interest or “contact tracing.” Eligible categories for inclusion comprise editorials, reviews, government guidelines, letters to the editor, and perspectives. The COVID-19 measures were then subdivided into different sections and compiled into an evidence table.ResultsPrompt measures were put into action since the beginning of the pandemic that avoided the spread of COVID-19 in LTCF. Examples range from simple acts of proper hand hygiene and environmental disinfection, swab testing, social distancing, preventive measures on health care workers, organizational measures such as quarantine, outbreak control, visitor restrictions, relationship with acute hospitals, and admission policy. Technology also played a fundamental role in promoting social distancing by using specific robots and in managing contact tracing.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe Asian preventive control guidelines are similar to those recommended elsewhere. Difference in timing and past experience with prior outbreaks such as SARS and MERS might have favored the Asian response. Furthermore, sociocultural values toward older persons by protecting and making sure that LTCF are part of the health care system could have also played a role.     

A Tailored Discharge Program Improves Frailty and Mood in Patients Undergoing Usual Rehabilitative Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial

ObjectiveTo investigate whether a tailored intersectoral discharge program (TIDP) impacts on multidimensional frailty, rehospitalization days, and patient-related outcome measures in older in-patients undergoing acute care and usual rehabilitative care.DesignRandomized controlled trial of TIDP vs usual rehabilitative care with a 6-month follow-up, 2019–2020, and historical control with a 6-month follow-up, 2016–2019.Setting and ParticipantsGeriatric co-managed internal medicine ward of a metropolitan university hospital. One hundred-twelve multimorbid patients older than age 60 years were consecutively assessed for eligibility and inclusion (age ≥60 years, multimorbidity, admitted for treatment of acute disease, at least 2 geriatric syndromes requiring usual rehabilitative care, and able to consent) and signed informed consent, with 110 recruited and randomized to either TIDP or usual rehabilitative care. At discharge, 104 patients were alive in the intention-to-treat group, the 6-month follow-up was completed for 91 patients. A historical control group of 468 patients was included for comparison.InterventionTIDP as intervention included contact with treating general practitioner to discuss the further treatment plan, a structured medical and lifestyle counseling to patients and caregivers at admission as well as a discharge program with internist, geriatrician, and general practitioner in shared decision making with patients.MethodsFifty-four patients underwent TIDP, 53 patients underwent usual rehabilitative care only. Rehospitalization days at follow-up as primary endpoint; multidimensional frailty and prognosis (Multidimensional Prognostic Index, Geriatric Depression Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, quality of life, falls, mortality, home care service need, and need of long-term care at 1-, 3- and 6-month follow-up as secondary endpoints.ResultsTIDP (median age 76.0 years, 56% female) showed significantly improved Multidimensional Prognostic Index scores at discharge compared with usual rehabilitative care (median age 78.5 years, 58% female) (0.43 vs 0.49, P = .011). Compared with usual rehabilitative care, TIDP improved self-confidence (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale 13.9 vs 12.4, P = .009) and mood (Geriatric Depression Scale 4 vs 5, P = .027) at follow-up. Compared with historical control (median age 77.0 years, 39 % female), usual rehabilitative care patients showed significantly lower rehospitalization rates (53% vs 70%, P = .002) and lower mortality rates (13% vs 32%, P < .001).Conclusions and ImplicationsA feasible TIDP improves frailty and mood in advanced age. In older patients undergoing potentially disabling acute treatments, usual rehabilitative care significantly reduces rehospitalization rates. Therefore, implementing geriatric treatment in general is useful to improve outcomes in older in-patients and a tailored discharge program can further increase the benefit for this frail population.     

胎盘滞留96例临床分析

目的 积极预防和正确处理胎盘滞留,减少产后出血及产褥感染。方法 产后胎盘滞留时间较短的可以行人工剥离胎盘术。如用手剥离过程中发现宫壁与胎盘之间没有分界线或有草根样条索状连接时,可能有胎盘植入,需停止剥离,根据情况决策保守治疗或行子宫切除术。若产后胎盘滞留时间较长,有明显感染,再行清宫术。结果 96例产后胎盘滞留患,均痊愈出院。结论 落实好避孕措施,减少流产次数;提高引产,流产技术操作水平;正确处理第三产程等可有效预防胎盘滞留的发生。对于胎盘滞留,应根据不同情况给予相应的处理,可减少产后出血及产褥感染。     

Mortality prognostication scores do not predict long-term,health-related quality of life after burn: A burn model system national database study

ObjectiveDespite improved mortality rates after burn injury, many patients face significant long-term physical and psychosocial disabilities. We aimed to determine whether commonly used mortality prognostication scores predict long-term, health-related quality of life after burn injury. By doing so, we might add evidence to support goals of care discussions and facilitate shared decision-making efforts in the hours and days after a life-changing injury.MethodsWe used the multicenter National Institute of Disability, Independent Living and Rehabilitation Research Burn Model System database (1994–2019) to analyze SF-12 physical (PCS) and mental component (MCS) scores among survivors one year after major burn injury. Ninety percent of the observations were randomly assigned to a model development dataset. Multilevel, mixed-effects, linear regression models determined the relationship between revised Baux and Ryan Scores and SF-12 measures. Additionally, we tested a model with disaggregated independent and other covariates easily obtained around the time of index admission: age, sex, race, burn size, inhalation injury. Residuals from the remaining 10% of observations in the validation dataset were examined.ResultsThe analysis included 1606 respondents (median age 42 years, IQR 28–53 years; 70% male). Median burn size was 16% TBSA (IQR 6–30) and 13% of respondents sustained inhalation injury. Higher revised Baux and Ryan Scores and age, burn size, and inhalation injury were significantly correlated with lower PCS, but were not correlated with MCS. Female sex, black race, burn size, and inhalation injury correlated with lower MCS. All models poorly explained the variance in SF-12 scores (adjusted r² 0.01–0.12).ConclusionHigher revised Baux and Ryan Scores negatively correlated with long-term physical health, but not mental health, after burn injury. Regardless, the models poorly explained the variance in SF-12 scores one year after injury. More accurate models are needed to predict long-term, health-related quality of life and support shared decision-making during acute burn care.     

Design and psychometric testing of a new patient-reported outcome measure for ankle treatment

BackgroundSeveral outcome scores are used to assess the outcome of ankle surgery, but many are not validated and there is currently no ‘gold-standard’. Consequently, there is demand to develop a new ‘gold-standard’ score to assess ankle surgery. The study aim was to review existing scores to develop and validate a new patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) to assess the outcome of operative ankle surgery.MethodsThe questionnaire items covered three areas: pain, symptoms and activity. The scale was reviewed by a patient group, resulting in the Oswestry Ankle score (Os-Ankle). The Os-Ankle was validated using a cohort of 206 patients at both pre-operative and post-operative stages of ankle surgery. Patients provided two other outcome scores, the scores currently used at our centre: the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOxFQ) and the Veterans Rand-12 (VR-12). Factor analysis and Rasch were determined to assess the psychometric testing and design of the Os-Ankle score. A follow up paper assesses the validity of the Os-Ankle against two existing scores.ResultsResults of the factor and Rasch analysis suggested that 12-items should be removed. The remaining 18-items fitted the Rasch model well, suggesting good internal consistency.ConclusionA new ankle PROM, the Os-Ankle, was successfully developed and demonstrated good psychometric testing. The Os-Ankle evaluates pain, symptoms and activities and results in a single score. The Os-Ankle has been validated in our follow up paper, and is ready to be implemented by ankle clinicians to monitor clinical outcomes. With the publication of two back to back papers, it will allow for further engage with other clinicians and other centres.Level of evidenceLevel II, prospective comparative study.     

基于Group-Lasso天麻品质形成关键因子的分析

目的 为提高人工种植天麻的质量,基于Group-Lasso变量筛选构建随机森林回归模型分析影响天麻品质形成的关键因子。方法 基于Group-Lasso法,对2007—2022年天麻质量研究文献中天麻素含量及产地环境变量等数据进行变量筛选,并在筛选出的变量基础上建立随机森林回归模型及计算变量重要性得分。结果 最终选择了产区、生长状况、种质类型、产地气候类型、产地土壤类型、最热月均温、产地年降水量、产地年日照时数和无霜期9个变量,基于被选变量与天麻素含量建立随机森林回归模型,模型的均方误差（mean square error,MSE）和平均绝对百分误差（mean absolute percentage error,MAPE）分别为0.103 2和14.08%,特征重要性排序显示天麻素含量的最大影响因素是产地年降水量,其次是产地土壤类型、无霜期和产地年日照时数。结论 随机森林回归模型有相对较低的误差和较高的预估精度,更适合用于对天麻种植环境的分析和天麻素含量的估算,为人工种植天麻提供参考。