阴道毛滴虫与沙眼衣原体共生关系的初步探讨

目的 :为了探讨阴道毛滴虫与沙眼衣原体共生、协同致病的关系 ,对南通市公安局收容教育所非淋菌性阴道炎、尿道炎 (后称非淋患者 )患者以及本市某国营纺织厂同龄纺织女工阴道毛滴虫的寄生情况进行了 6个月以上的连续性观察。方法 :对 2 0 0 1年到 2 0 0 3年期间南通市公安局收容教育所非淋患者 1983例女性和随机抽样国营纺织厂纺织女工 2 84人分别采用生理盐水涂片法镜检阴道毛滴虫滋养体。结果 :非淋患者阴道毛滴虫滋养体的平均阳性检出率为 2 0 .6 8% (41/1983) ,明显高于正常对照组 (1.0 6 % ,3/2 84 ) ,差异显著 (X2 =2 5 .2 9,P <0 .0 0 1) .其中沙眼衣原体感染者 ,阴道毛滴虫滋养体的阳性检出率有增高趋势。结论 :非淋患者中沙眼衣原体感染时 ,其阴道毛滴虫阳性检出率高于其他患者。同时选择部分病例采用单纯抗非淋病治疗和抗非淋病与抗滴虫同时治疗进行比较并跟踪追访 6个月 ,缓解和消除症状后者明显优于前者 ,少数不规范治疗或擅自放弃治疗的人 ,延误病情或使病程迁延而转为慢性 ,给根治来一定的难度。建议注意阴道毛滴虫与沙眼衣原体共同感染协同致病的情况 ,要鉴别病原体 ,联合用药 ,提高疗效。     

肘关节后脱位并尺骨冠状突骨折9例临床疗效分析

目的 探讨肘关节后脱位并尺骨冠状突骨折的治疗方法。方法 总结2000年3月～2003年5月9例肘关节后脱位合并尺骨冠状突骨折患者的治疗经验，根据骨折类型分别采用内外侧入路对8例患者进行手术治疗，术后配合早期功能锻炼。结果 所有患者随访8～24个月，根据HSS评分标准，优5例（55.6%)，良2例（22.2%)，一般2例（22.2%)，优良率77.8%，无严重肘关节并发症发生。结论 选择恰当的手术入路和早期功能锻炼是提高该类骨折效果的关键。     

重症急性胆管炎132例治疗体会

目的 :探讨重症急性胆管炎 ( ACST)患者的手术时机及死亡原因。方法 :回顾性分析 1 32例 ACST患者的治疗及预后情况。结果 :手术治疗 1 1 1例 ,死亡 1 5例 ,病死率1 3.5 % ;非手术治疗 2 2例 ,死亡 7例 ,病死率 31 .8%。结论 :ACST患者应在出现五联征前及时手术 ;对于已出现休克患者 ,应先给予积极的抗休克、抗感染等综合治疗 ,一但休克好转 ,应尽早手术 ;贻误手术时机、术式选择不当、主要脏器功能不全、高龄是死亡的主要原因。     

中药复方冬虫夏草透皮乳膏的研制及质量控制

目的：探讨复方冬虫夏草透皮乳膏的制备及其质量控制。方法：选用适宜乳膏基质，将冬虫夏草、昆明山海棠浓缩液与透皮促进剂制成O/W型乳膏，建立质量控制方法。结果：本制剂质量稳定，保湿性良好，能显著延长猪同种植皮存活期。结论：复方冬虫夏草乳膏剂的制备工艺可行，性质稳定。质量控制方法简单、可靠。     

1336例病残儿医学鉴定结果分析

目的探讨泰安市病残儿的病因及优生对策。方法对泰安市连续四年经医学鉴定确诊的1336例病残儿进行分析。结果病残儿重出现最高的为神经系统疾病，为613例，占病残儿总数的45．88％，其次为五官疾病222例，第三为心血管畸形146例。造成以上病残的原因有遗传因素、环境因素及产时因素。结论必须大力开展优生优育咨询，加强孕期保健，提高产科质量，做好婴幼儿监护。     

Well-being (quality of life) in connection with hypertensive treatment

Quality of life is often considered to equate how the medical treatment is subjectively perceived by the patient, but ought to include the total impact of the disease/treatment on the patient's emotional, physical, and social well-being. Recently, a proposal for a generally applicable definition of quality of life in health care was put forward. This definition includes general well-being, health, and welfare (external factors), as three fundamental components, and the definition is based on both objective and subjective judgments. General well-being is exclusively and expression of the individual's subjective experience and is based on his or her own qualitative evaluation of well-being in relation to condition, treatments, and experiences. Health is according to the proposed definition, judged both objectively (signs) and subjectively (symptoms). Apart from health and well-being, there is also reason to include objectively registrable factors at the welfare level (external factors) such as the consumption of medicines, number of days in hospital, length of sick leave, need of in-home care, etc. This review is an attempt to elucidate the effects of antihypertensive pharmacotherapy on the patient's general well-being. The topic will be discussed from several points of views (e.g., aims of antihypertensive treatment, occurrence of symptoms in the population, compliance with prescribed treatment, symptom inventories, the concept of quality of life.     

An internal rate of return approach to investigate pharmacist supply in the united states

Internal rates of return were used to examine the status of pharmacist supply in the United States between the years 1987-1991. Age-earnings profiles were estimated for pharmacists, college graduates and high school graduates. Rates of return to pharmacists and college graduates were compared and a ratio of the pharmacist rate to the college graduate rate was computed for each year. Results suggest a shortage of pharmacists in the United States. Enrollments in pharmacy schools and adopted changes in the training of pharmacists are discussed in relation to their effects on the pharmacist labour market.     

Predictors, costs and characteristics of out of area placement for people with intellectual disability and challenging behaviour

Background Out of area placements for people with challenging behaviour represent an expensive and often ineffective strategy for meeting the needs of this service user group. Methods More than 800 agencies and service settings in a large area of South Wales were screened to identify children and adults with challenging behaviour against a number of defined operational criteria. Detailed data on identified individuals and the services they received were collected by interviewing key informants. Univariate and multivariate statistics were employed to identify predictors of out of area placement. Results In total, 1458 people were identified. Full data were available for 901 participants, 97 of whom were placed out of area. Predictors of out of area placement included behaviours resulting in physical injury and exclusion from service settings, a history of formal detention under the mental health act, the presence of mental health problems, a diagnosis of autism and higher total score on the Adaptive Behaviour Scale. Out of area placements were typically of high cost, and associated with only limited evidence of improved service quality. Conclusions Identifying predictors for out of area placement can be used to highlight deficiencies in local services and individuals at increased risk of exclusion from local services.     

Health and social service use among old people in the last 2 years of life

This study focuses on differences in health and social service use in the last 2 years of life among Finnish people aged 70–79, 80–89, and 90 or older and on the variation in service use in the various municipalities. The data set, derived from multiple national registers, consists of 75,578 people who died in 1998–2001. The services included hospitals and long-term-care facilities, use of regular home care, and prescribed medicines. General hospital and public long-term care were the services most commonly used: general hospitals for younger age groups and public long-term care for older groups. The number of inpatient days in hospital was lower with increasing age, but older age groups used long-term care more frequently. Men had more hospital inpatient days than women, but women used more long-term care. The number of hospital inpatient days increased rapidly in the last months of life, almost doubling in the final month. Days in public long-term care increased regularly in the last 2 years of life. Variation in both hospital and long-term care by municipality was remarkable. The results indicate that, among people aged 70 years and older, age is a major determinant of care in the last 2 years of life. The variation in the use of care by municipality and the differences between men and women deserve more detailed analysis in future.