上海郊区老年痴呆症病人α-雌激素受体及芳香烃受体基因多态性

目的：探索上海地区农民人群中α-雌激素受体基因(ER-α)及芳香烃受体基因(Ahr)不同基因形态和老年痴呆症高发风险的可能联系．方法：分别以PCR—RFLP和AS—PCR方法分析一组老年痴呆症患者(n=52)ER-α基因及Ahr基因的多态位点，同一地区的健康人群(n=125)为对照．结果：Alzheimer症病人ER-α基因两个位点突变形态频率显著高于对照人群(Pvu Ⅱ位点：P=0．023，OR=2．94，95％CI 1．13—7．71；Xba I位点：P=0．046，0R=2．28，95％ CI 1．003—5．17)．Ahr G1721A位点基因型频率在病人组和对照组间无显著差异．结论：ER-α基因多态性可能与Alzheimer症易感性个体差异有关，本工作不支持Ahr基因多态性与老年痴呆症高发风险间的可能关联．     

Synthesis of deuterium‐labeled 3‐O‐methyldopa and 4‐O‐methyldopa

Concise methods for the synthesis of 4‐hydroxy‐3‐[²H₃]‐methoxyphenylalanine (3‐O‐[²H₃]‐methydopa) and 3‐hydroxy‐4‐[²H₃]‐methoxyphenylalanine (4‐O‐[²H₃]‐methydopa) are described. The 3‐O‐[²H₃]‐methydopa is a valuable internal standard for the tandem MS quantification of 3‐O‐methyldopa, a metabolite of value in the diagnosis of aromatic l‐amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中药金三莪对实验性肝纤维化大鼠小肠通透性的影响

目的　观察中药金三莪对实验性肝纤维化大鼠小肠通透性的影响及其作用机制。方法　将大鼠分为A ,B ,C 3组 ,B组和C组采用四氯化碳造模 ,C组于造模第 4周开始灌胃中药金三莪 ,A组和B组灌胃生理盐水 ,共 4周。观察各组大鼠肝功能 ,血清内毒素、D -乳酸、二胺氧化酶 (DAO)及光镜下肝和小肠组织的病理改变。结果　C组大鼠血清ALT及AST值降低 ,肝小叶结构趋于正常 ,纤维间隔变薄 ,血清内毒素、D -乳酸、DAO水平减低 ,与B组比较有显著性差异。结论　中药金三莪能有效保护肠黏膜 ,阻止肠通透性增加 ,可减轻四氯化碳诱导肝纤维化大鼠的肝损伤及纤维化程度。     

焦炉工人血清谷胱甘肽硫转移酶活力和尿8-羟基脱氧鸟苷水平

目的 探讨血清谷胱甘肽硫转移酶（GST）和尿8-羟基脱氧鸟苷（8-OHdG）作为焦炉工人多环芳烃（PAHs）暴露生物监测标志的可行性.方法 用高效液相色谱-电化学方法和试剂盒分别检测47名男性焦炉工和31名男性对照者尿8-OHdG水平和血清GST活力;尿1-羟基芘（1-OHP）作为PAHs接触的内暴露标志,采用碱水解-高效液相色谱方法分析.结果 焦炉工人尿1-OHP浓度的中位数（P25～P75）为[5.7（1.4～12.0）μmol/mol Cr],血清GST活力为[22.1（14.9～31.2）U/ml],尿8-O-HdG水平为[1.9（1.4～15.4）μmol/mol Cr],均高于对照组工人[3.0（0.5～6.4）μmol/mol Cr、13.1（9.5～16.7）U/ml、1.3（1.0～4.0）μmol/mol Cr],差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）.以吸烟分层,两组工人尿1-OHP浓度和血清GST活力仅在吸烟者中、尿8-OHdG水平仅在非吸烟者中差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.01）.焦炉工人血清GST活力和尿1-OHP浓度呈正相关（rs=0.31,P＜0.01,n=78）.多元Logistic回归分析显示,与对照工人相比,焦炉工人血清GST活力＞16.7 U/ml和尿8-OHdG水平＞1.8 μmol/mol Cr的OR值分别为13.2和4.4;高体重指数是影响尿8-OHdG水平下降的独立因素.结论 焦炉工人血清GST活力增强和氧化性DNA损伤增加,吸烟和职业暴露有交互作用;血清GST有可能作为PAHs暴露评价的生物标志;尿8-OHdG检测有助于焦炉工肺癌危险度评价.     

AhR及CYP1A1基因多态性与焦炉工外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤的关系

[目的]研究多环芳烃受体(AhR)G1661A和细胞色素P4501A1(CYP1A1)Msp1位点多态性与焦炉工外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤的关系。[方法]选取220名焦炉工和65名无职业性多环芳烃(PAHs)暴露的工人为研究对象,应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)及等位基因特异性扩增(ASA)方法分别检测CYP1A1及AhR基因型,使用碱性单细胞凝胶电泳技术评价淋巴细胞DNA损伤,使用调查表收集研究对象的年龄、性别、吸烟和饮酒、职业暴露史等信息。[结果] 经过广义线性模型对外暴露等级和工龄进行校正后,焦炉工中AhR基因1661位点A/A G/A基因型者经自然对数转换的Olive尾矩(1．36±1．04)高于G/G基因型者(1．03土1．16),差异有显著性(P<0．05),未发现CYP1A1 Msp1位点多态性与Olive尾矩有关。[结论]焦炉工AhRG1661A位点多态性与其外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤有关。     

运脾汤对大鼠离体胃肌条收缩活动的影响

[目的] 研究运脾汤对胃动力的作用并初步探讨其作用机制。[方法] 通过肢体缺血-再灌注造成胃动力低下动物模型,以阿托品和心得安为对照,观察运脾汤对离体大鼠胃体肌条张力和收缩振幅的影响。[结果] 不同剂量运脾汤(15、30、60g/L)呈剂量依赖性增加胃体肌条运动振幅,而对张力影响不大。对于M受体阻滞剂所致胃平滑肌舒张,运脾汤未显示有效的拮抗作用,但对β受体阻滞剂引发的胃平滑肌肌条的舒张效应,运脾汤显示明显拮抗作用。[结论] 运脾汤剂量依赖性增加胃动力障碍大鼠胃体肌条运动振幅,可明显拮抗β受体阻滞剂所致舒张。     

焦炉工苯并(a)芘暴露水平及DNA遗传损伤特征分析

目的探讨焦炉作业工人苯并(a)芘暴露与外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤的关系及其特征。方法选取343名焦炉工人和40名对照,应用彗星试验检测外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤。分别采用定点采样和个体采样方法,使用高效液相色谱法测定环境苯并(a)芘浓度。利用调查表收集研究对象年龄、工龄、从事现工种时间、吸烟、饮酒、职业史等信息。结果定点采样,苯并(a)芘浓度呈现炉顶>炉侧>炉底>对照的趋势,分别为(1.26±0.65),(0.11±0.38),(0.02±0.003),0.01μg/m3。个体采样苯并(a)芘浓度呈现炉侧拦焦侧>炉顶>炉侧推焦侧>炉底>辅助工区>对照的趋势,分别为(1.43±0.06),(0.35±0.02),0.10,(0.05±0.007),(0.04±0.01),0.02μg/m3。焦炉工人外周血淋巴细胞慧星尾长(几何均数)分别为(16.94±2.59),(17.52±2.39),(10.78±2.48),(6.89±1.90),olive尾矩(几何均数)分别为(4.60±1.29),(4.57±1.17),(2.79±1.11),(1.61±0.56),炉顶工、炉侧工、炉底及辅助工均显著高于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05),炉顶工与炉侧工之间差异不显著(P>0.05),但均显著高于炉底及辅助工,差异有显著差异(P<0.05)。炉顶工、炉侧工、炉底及辅助工与对照相比,外周血淋巴细胞慧星尾长和olive尾矩阳性的危险度OR值分别为29.66,28.90,9.97和27.24,26.04,9.32,有随个体外暴露苯并(a)芘浓度增高而增高的趋势。结论焦炉工外周血淋巴细胞DNA遗传损伤与个体苯并(a)芘暴露趋势一致。环境个体采样及彗星试验可作为焦炉工人PAHS暴露和细胞遗传损伤的监测指标。     

Evaluation of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) adduct levels and DNA strand breaks in human peripheral blood lymphocytes exposed in vitro to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with or without animal metabolic activation

The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, benzo(ghi)perylene, benzo(b)fluoranthene and benzo(a)pyrene have been identified in urban air from Mexico City and some of them are classified as human carcinogens. In the present study, human peripheral blood lymphocytes were exposed in vitro to different concentrations of PAHs with (+S9) or without (?S9) metabolic activation. The genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of each PAH were examined with an alkaline comet assay and trypan blue dye exclusion, and oxidative DNA damage was determined via the detection of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OhdG) adduct levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The DNA damage was evaluated with two genotoxicity parameters: the frequency of comets and the comet tail length. Concentrations of 20, 40, 80, 160 and 320 µM DB(a,h)A?S9; 20, 40, 80, 160 and 240 µM B(ghi)P?S9; 20, 30, 40, 60 and 80 µM B(b)F?S9; and 80 µM B(a)P?S9 for 24?h induced a small but significant increase in the means of comet frequency, in the tail length and in the 8-oHDg levels in relation to the control (0.5% DMSO?S9). However, all PAHs+S9 produced a more significant increase in DNA strand breaks and the level of 8-OHdG compared with the control (0.5% DMSO+S9), with a concentration-effect relationship. The viability of lymphocytes exposed to all PAHs?S9 and PAHs+S9 was not modified compared with the control. The results of this study demonstrate that the comet and ELISA are rapid, suitable and sensitive methods to detect in vitro PAH-induced DNA damage in human peripheral lymphocytes.     

Influence of postnatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure on the neurodevelopment of toddlers at the age of 12 months

ObjectivesTo investigate the possible influence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure on neurodevelopment of toddlers at the age of 12 months.MethodsTotally 306 subjects were recruited from the Qingdao Birth Cohort established in 2014. PAH-DNA adducts in toddlers’ umbilical cord blood samples, hydroxyl-PAH metabolites in their urine samples and the developmental quotients (DQs) were measured. Sex, gestational age, birth weight, and maternal educational background were adjusted to analyze the influence of the PAH exposure on the neurodevelopment of the toddlers using multivariate linear regression model.ResultsPearson correlation test showed that the logarithmic values of hydroxyl-PAH were negatively correlated with the DQs. Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that logarithmic concentration of 1(9)- hydroxyphenanthrene was still associated with the DQs of the fine motor behaviors with β and 95% confidential interval (CI) of -1.137 (-2.053, -0.222), together with PAH-DNA adducts [β (95% CI): -0.577 (-0.930, -0.225)]. PAH-DNA adducts presented an independently negative influence on the DQs of the gross motor and personal social behaviors with β (95%CI) of -0.470 (-0.814, -0.126) and -0.526 (-0.859, -0.193), respectively.ConclusionsThe exposure to PAHs in toddlers at 12 months could influence their neurodevelopment. Additionally, prenatal exposure to PAHs should also be considered.     

Responses of human hepatoma HepG2 cells to silver nanoparticles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

The nanotechnology has revolutionized the global market with silver nanoparticles (AgNP) occupying a prominent position due to their remarkable anti-bacterial properties. However, there is no data about the adverse and toxic effects of associations of AgNP and ubiquitous compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). In the current study, we investigated the responses of HepG2 cells to realistic concentrations of AgNP (0.09, 0.9, and 9?ng ml^?1) and mixture of PAH (30 and 300?ng ml^?1), separately and in association. Cell viability and cytotoxicity (neutral red retention and MTT production assays) and proliferation (crystal violet [CV] assay), xenobiotic efflux transporter activity (rhodamine B accumulation assay), ROS levels (dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assay), and lipid peroxidation (pyrenylphosphine-1-diphenyl assay) were analyzed. There was no decreases of cell viability after exposure to AgNP, PAH and most of AgNP?+?PAH associations, but increases of cell viability/number (CV assay) occurred. Efflux transporter activity was not affected, with exception of one AgNP?+?PAH associations, ROS levels increased, but lipid peroxidation decreased. Some toxicological interactions occurred, particularly for the highest concentrations of AgNP and PAH, but there is no evidence that these interactions increased the toxicity of AgNP and PAH.