国内外超说明书用药的现状及其启示

通过介绍目前国内外超说明书用药情况和特点,分析超说明书用药的管理现状及对未来的思考,为合理管理超说明书用药提供有价值的借鉴和参考.     

Topical tranexamic acid for the treatment of acute epistaxis in the emergency department

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness and potential benefits of topical tranexamic acid (TXA) in the management of acute epistaxis.

浅谈药学专业人体解剖生理学的教学体会和教学方法

人体解剖生理学是一门重要的基础课程,在针对药学专业学生的教学过程中存在着一些问题,课时数相对较少,教师教学方法和思维刻板保守,缺乏药学专业知识基础,学生对本课程重视度不够,缺乏足够的学习兴趣。针对这些实际问题,要求教师结合药学专业的学科特点来讲授人体解剖生理学知识,寻找新的教学方法,以提高学生的知识理解能力,培养学生的创新思维和主动学习的意识。     

特殊使用级抗菌药物点评系统的开发与应用

目的:开发特殊使用级抗菌药物点评系统,提高特殊使用级抗菌药物的临床使用水平,降低细菌耐药率。方法:利用易语言和数据库技术,建立特殊使用级抗菌药物合理性评分表,特殊使用级抗菌药物点评系统。对2010年1-6月和2013年1-6月特殊使用级抗菌药物使用病历的越级使用情况、病原微生物送检情况、抗菌药物使用合理性(药物选择、用法用量、联合用药)、会诊单例数、平均使用金额和特殊使用级抗菌药物使用强度进行回顾性统计并分析。结果:系统实现了特殊使用级抗菌药物处方点评功能,系统应用后抗菌药物越级使用率从14.9%下降至2.3%(P=0.000);病原微生物送检率从47.3%提高至93.9%(P=0.000);抗菌药物选择合理率从88.1%上升至96.9%(P=0.000);会诊单申请率从40.2%提高至97.3%(P=0.000)。特殊使用级抗菌药物使用强度从164.3下降至84.2(P=0.042);平均使用金额从1 210.4元下降至964.1元(P=0.032)。结论:特殊使用级抗菌药物点评系统提高了特殊使用级抗菌药物管理水平,有效地降低了特殊使用级抗菌药物费用支出。     

基于创新人才培养的药学专业实践教学体系的改革与探索

培养创新人才,需要强化实践教学环节,完善实践教学体系,提高学生的学习能力、实践能力和创新能力。在创新人才培养要求下,如何进行药学专业实践教学模式改革以培养学生的创新素养,是药学教育者急需探索的一个重要课题。本文从加强和改进实验教学方法,鼓励学生科研立项,开设设计性综合实验,拓展毕业专题研究,鼓励加入教师科研课题研究等方面进行了基于创新人才培养的药学专业实践教学体系的改革与探索。     

Pharmacy practice in the domain of assisted dying: A mapping review of the literature

BackgroundThe scope and roles of pharmacists worldwide are undergoing dramatic change. Patient-focused care aimed at caring for people that seek medical assistance in dying is among the newest roles. While pharmacists have been involved in medically assisted dying in some international jurisdictions for over two decades, little is known about their actual lived experiences.ObjectiveTo map the literature concerning pharmacy practice in the assisted dying domain to clarify apparent research gaps.MethodsA mapping review was preformed following a systematic search of Medline, CINAHL and IPA to locate academic papers and reports relating to pharmacists’ involvement in assisted dying published between 1990 and 2019. Searches included articles in English, French, and Dutch. References and citations of articles were searched to identify additional articles.ResultsA total of 43 articles were selected, including commentaries (n = 26), reports (n = 2), a scoping literature review (n = 1), and empirical studies (n = 14). Most commentaries centered on pharmacists' roles, ethico-legal and moral challenges, and educational concerns in relation to participation. Of the 14 empirical studies, 12 studies were designed around surveys that focused on pharmacists' attitudes, and opinions concerning assisted dying. Other methodologies included thematic analysis of moral dilemmas, experimental design identifying attitudes to sedation at end of life, and analysis of documents such as guidelines, position statements, and standards of practice. Two studies utilized a qualitative research approach. A significant gap was found with respect to research exploring the actual experience of pharmacists’ practice in medically assisted dying.ConclusionThere is an absence of studies exploring pharmacists’ actual experiences in assisted dying practice. Research involving pharmacists that participate in legally sanctioned assisted dying will facilitate a meaningful understanding of the lived experience of pharmacy practice in this domain.