水中大肠菌群快检纸片的研究及应用效果观察

目的:探讨大肠菌群快检纸片的研制方法及其检测水中大肠菌群的可行性。方法:大肠菌群快检纸片制作、包装和使用;以国标试管发酵法为对照,对大肠菌群快检纸片法的特异性、敏感性、抗干扰和各种类型水样进行大肠菌群平行检测,比较两法的符合率。结果:大肠菌群快检纸片法检测水中大肠菌群的效果与国标试管发酵法结果无显著差异,符合率97.1%。结论:大肠菌群快检纸片法可用于检测水中的大肠菌群。     

2014年贵阳市医疗机构纸质传染病报告卡填写质量调查分析

目的 了解贵阳市医疗机构传染病报告卡填写情况,为进一步提高传染病报告质量提供依据。方法 采用普查的方法,对贵阳市各级医疗机构开展调查。结果 贵阳市2014年医疗机构纸质传染病报告卡填写完整率为94.51%,准确率为89.35%,一致率为83.62%。完整率乡级医疗机构最低,准确率各级医疗机构无差异,一致率县级医疗机构最低,各区、县医疗机构传染病报告卡片填写质量有差异。结论 强化医疗机构传染病疫情管理,规范临床诊疗记录登记,切实落实疫情管理制度;加强传染病报告质控和督导考核势在必行,同时,应加快推进医疗机构传染病疫情报告管理工作的信息化建设,减轻临床医生工作负担。     

The potential for human exposure, direct and indirect, to the suspected carcinogenic triphenylmethane dye Brilliant Green from green paper towels

Triphenylmethanes - Malachite Green (MG), Crystal Violet (CV) and Brilliant Green (BG) are dyes with known genotoxic and carcinogenic properties. Apart from being illegally used in aquaculture for treatment of fish diseases they are also applied in industry such as paper production to colour paper towels widely used in hospitals, factories and other locations for hand drying after washing. The present study provides evidence that the triphenylmethane dye (BG) present in green paper towels can migrate through the skin even when the exposure time is short (30-300 s). The transfer of the dye from the towel to food (fish) was also studied and a high amount of colour was found to migrate during overnight exposure. The risk to humans associated with these two dye transfer studies was assessed using a ‘margin of exposure approach’ on the basis of the toxicological data available for the closely related dye MG and its metabolite Leucomalachite Green. The data indicated that the risk associated with the use of triphenylmethane containing paper towels is of a similar proportion to the risk associated with consumption of fish contaminated with these dyes due to the illegal application in aquaculture.     

大学生心理健康筛查问卷网络版与纸质版信效度比较研究

目的通过纸质版和网络版问卷对大学生进行情绪与自杀等心理问题筛查,比较两者的一致性。方法对重庆市四所高校大一不同专业1 695名在校学生进行网络版或纸质版问卷测试。结果各总量表总网络版的同质性信度(Cronbach’sα系数)为0.755～0.972,各分量表Cronbach’sα系数为0.671～0.876;各总量表总纸质版Cron-bach’sα系数为0.711～0.963,各分量表Cronbach’sα系数为0.608～0.865;网络版量表Cronbach’sα系数均在0.7水平以上,且相关系数的检验均有统计学意义(P<0.001),信度较为理想,内容效度和结构效度也较好。结论两版本各量表信效度较好,网络测试更具优势。     

《中国行为医学科学》杂志2008年载文分析

目的 分析<中国行为医学科学>杂志2008年载文情况.方法 以<中国行为医学科学>杂志2008年共12期刊出的所有论文(不包括通知、广告、会议等信息类稿件)为研究对象,分析载文量、载文栏目、载文刊出形式、第一作者机构分布、第一作者地区分布、基金论文数、作者数、引文量及出版时滞等.结果 <中国行为医学科学>杂志2008年共载文459篇,平均每期载文38.25篇,平均每篇2.51页.篇密度为0.40,信息密度为6.38.载文刊出形式以论著为主,占74.51%;综述类稿件最少,占6.75%.基础研究性稿件占15.90%,临床研究性稿件占30.94%,卫生预防稿件占32.90%.第一作者机构高等院校最多,占45.10%,县区级医院最少,仅占3.49%.第一作者地区分布极不平衡,前5位为广东、山东、江苏、湖南及北京,分别发文65,65.46,40和37篇,合计253篇,占全年载文的55.12%.基金论文共215篇,占发文总量的46.84%,其中国家级基金项目为15.03%,占基金总数的32.09%.载文平均作者数、平均引文量、平均出版时滞分别为4.40人、11.70条、199.14d.发文3篇的作者有7人,发文2篇的作者有28人.发文前10位的单位,合计发文164篇,占35.73%.结论 <中国行为医学科学>杂志具有丰富的信息资源,载文刊出形式以论著为主,卫生预防稿件最多,基金论文比较高,具有稳定的作者队伍.     

Effect of pharmaceutical wastewater as nitrogen source on the optimization of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation hydrogen production from paper mill sludge

This study modeled and optimized a novel simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) dark fermentative hydrogen production system using pharmaceutical wastewater (PW) as a nitrogen source to obtain a suitable C/N for paper mill sludge (PMS). Optimized hydrogen yields of 54.8, 53.6 and 39.3 mL/g PMS were obtained using PW, yeast extract and ammonium nitrate as the nitrogen source, respectively, using the developed models. The process kinetics were evaluated against yeast extract and ammonium nitrate, using the modified Gompertz model. SSF production generated a slightly lower hydrogen yield than yeast extract, of 54.8 mL/g PMS, and a peak hydrogen gas fraction of 45.6% when using PW. Optimized processes showed that PW gave comparable kinetic data, shown in a 3.3 h variation in process lag time between PW and yeast extract and an 8.7% increase in maximum potential hydrogen production rate when PW was used in place of ammonium nitrate. Implications from this study suggest that using waste to enhance the beneficiation and treatment of waste PMS could significantly reduce the time and costs associated with its valorization.     

Paper Review用于高年级八年制临床医学生教学

Paper Review是一种集体阅读的教学方式。在充分预习的前提下,参与者对指定的文章进行集体讨论。在高年级八年制医学生中实施Paper Review教学,不仅可以提高学生的阅读能力,而且在科研论文的撰写能力、领导能力、表达能力和团队精神等方面对学生进行全面训练。文章选择、讨论问题设计和有序的组织实施是成功完成Paper Review教学的关键。     

P波离散度测量方法及其相关影响因素的探讨

目的　研究不同的走纸速度和测量方法对P波离散度 (Pwd)测定的影响。方法　选择 18～ 80岁的健康成人 2 80例 ,用 12导联同步心电图机收集资料 ,测定最大P波时限 (Pmax) ,最小P波时限 (Pmin) ,计算二者差值为Pwd ,测定时由两人同时测定或同一人不同时间测定 ,同一导联需连续测量3- 5个P波 ,取其均值 ,再将两人的结果或不同时间测量的结果平均作为该导联的P波时限 ,同时观察2 5mm/s与 5 0mm/s两种走纸速度对Pwd值的测定的影响 ,并对测定方法的可重复性进行了研究。结果　 ( 1)两种走纸速度的Pwd值经统计学处理无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。 ( 2 )用人工目测的方法测定的Pwd值有较好的重复性。结论　采用不同人同一时间测量以及同一人不同时间测量的方法得出的Pwd具有较高的可靠性和较好的重复性 ,心电图的走纸速度对Pwd值的测定影响不大     

Stability of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus varies across different paper types

IntroductionThe assessment of the risk of virus transmission through papers, such as postcards, is important. However, the stability of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza A virus (IAV) on different types of papers is currently unknown. Investigation of the survival time of these viruses on different types of papers will provide insights into their risk of long-distance transport by postal items.MethodsWe evaluated the stability of SARS-CoV-2 and IAV, mixed with a culture medium, on the surface of postcards with various coatings, including plain paper (PP), inkjet paper (IP), and inkjet photo paper (IPP). The surface structure of each paper was microscopically assessed.ResultsThe surface structures of PP, IP, and IPP varied greatly depending on the presence or absence, and type, of coat layer, regardless of the base material. IP and IPP surfaces were less conducive to virus survival than PP surfaces, because of the difference in surface shapes. The survival times of SARS-CoV-2 on each paper were approximately 59.8 (PP), 6.5 (IP), and 9.8 h (IPP), and significantly longer than those of IAV (10.3, 1.8, and 3.3 h, respectively).ConclusionsThe risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission via paper, such as postcards, is significantly higher than that of IAV transmission. While PP, IP, and IPP have the same base material, their surface structures differ, which affects viral stability. The IP and IPP surfaces are less suitable for virus survival. This study provides novel insights into the risks of viral transmission via paper.     

米甜酒中氨基酸和黄曲霉毒素的分析

米甜酒为糯米发酵而得的低醇甜酒,民间饮用普遍。为考察其营养成分,本文用纸层析方法进行了米甜酒的氨基酸分析,从中分离和鉴定了精氨酸(Arginine),瓜氨酸(Citrulline),苏氨酸(Threonine),丝氨酸(Serine),酪氨酸(Tyrosine),苯丙氨酸(Phenylalanine),