Novel nail penetration enhancer containing vesicles “nPEVs” for treatment of onychomycosis

Context: The systemic treatment of onychomycosis has been hampered by the reported side effects of antifungals in addition to the limited blood circulation to the affected nails. Topical ungual treatment would circumvent the limitations of systemic onychomycosis treatment.

Objective: Preparation and characterization of nail penetration enhancer containing nanovesicles (nPEVs) loaded with sertaconazole for topical treatment of onychomycosis.

Materials and methods: nPEVs were prepared using different nail penetration enhancers (N-acetyl-L-cysteine, thioglycolic acid, thiourea and ethanol) by the thin film hydration method, and characterized for their particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency (EE%), elasticity, viscosity, physical stability and morphology. The selected nPEVs formula and the marketed Dermofix® cream were compared in terms of nail hydration, transungual drug uptake and antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum.

Results: N-acetyl-l-cysteine was the optimum nail penetration enhancer for incorporation within vesicles. nPEVs showed high EE% of sertaconazole ranging from 77 to 95%, a size ranging from 38–538?nm and a zeta potential ranging from +48 to +72?mV. The selected nPEVs formula displayed spherical morphology and good storage stability. Compared to the conventional marketed cream, the selected nPEVs formula showed 1.4-folds higher hydration and drug uptake enhancement into nail clippings. Furthermore, it showed significantly higher zone of inhibition for Trichophyton rubrum (20.9?±?0.25?mm) than the marketed cream (11.6?±?0.44?mm).

Conclusion: Nail penetration enhancer containing nanovesicles (nPEVs) present a very promising option, worthy of clinical experimentation on onychomycotic patients.     

四种抗真菌药物治疗甲癣疗效比较的文献系统复习

目的比较特比萘芬与伊曲康唑、氟康唑、灰黄霉素治疗甲癣疗效的差异。方法检索Medline文献数据库,查找所有比较特比萘芬与伊曲康唑、氟康唑、灰黄霉素治疗甲癣的双盲随机对照试验的文献,找出这4种药物治疗甲癣的真菌学治愈率并对其进行汇总,得出合并后真菌学治愈率的比值比(OR)及其95%可信区间(CI)。结果①有6篇比较特比萘芬与伊曲康唑、1篇特比萘芬与氟康唑、2篇特比萘芬与灰黄霉素治疗甲癣的双盲随机对照试验文献被纳入。②特比萘芬250mg/d连续疗法优于伊曲康唑400mg/d冲击疗法[OR=5.01,95%CI(3.42～7.33)]和伊曲康唑200mg/d连续疗法[OR=2.58,95%CI(1.91～3.49)]。特比萘芬的疗效亦优于氟康唑(P<0.001)和灰黄霉素[OR=3.46,95%CI(1.89～6.31)]。结论特比萘芬治疗甲癣的疗效优于伊曲康唑、氟康唑和灰黄霉素。     

阿莫罗芬与特比萘芬和伊曲康唑联合对甲真菌病致病菌的体外药敏试验

目的探讨阿莫罗芬与特比萘芬、伊曲康唑联合对80株甲真菌病病原菌的体外相互作用。方法应用美国国家临床实验室标准化委员会(NCCLS)的M27-A和M38-P方案,各药单独和联合应用时的MIC值均为与对照孔相比超过80%生长抑制的最低药物浓度;药物间相互作用用分数抑菌浓度(FIC值)表示:FIC<1认为有协同作用,1≤FIC<2认为有相加作用,FIC≥2认为有拮抗作用。结果阿莫罗芬、特比萘芬、伊曲康唑单独应用时对皮肤癣菌抑菌质量浓度的几何均数分别为0.0396、0.012和0.309μg/mL,阿莫罗芬与特比萘芬和阿莫罗芬与伊曲康唑联合应用对所有受试菌协同作用的百分比分别为67.12%和66.67%,两者间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。其中对皮肤癣菌为75%和65%,两者差异无显著性(P>0.05);而对酵母菌和其他霉菌差异有显著性(P<0.05);未发现有拮抗作用。结论阿莫罗芬与特比萘芬、伊曲康唑联合应用对甲真菌病致病菌具有有效的体外协同抑菌作用。     

特比萘芬短程疗法治疗手指甲癣

用特比萘芬（Ｔｅｒｂｉｎａｆｉｎｅ）治疗手指甲癣病人２０例，剂量为２５０ｍｇ，每天１次，１周后隔日１次，共５周，总量为５２５０ｍｇ。４月后判断疗效。结果痊愈１８例，好转２例，有效率为１００％，痊愈率为９０％。服药期间未发现有明显副作用。证明特比萘芬短程疗法治疗手指甲癣是一个疗效高、安全可靠、简单易行的好方法。     

武汉地区甲真菌病的致病菌及菌种变迁分析

目的了解1999年1月~2005年12月武汉地区甲真菌病的致病菌种分布及变迁情况。方法对1999年1月~2005年12月甲真菌病患者的真菌培养资料1237例进行系统分析总结。结果真菌培养阳性895例,阳性率72.4%。致病菌中,皮肤癣菌559株(61.1%),酵母菌287株(31.4%),霉菌69株(7.5%)。皮肤癣菌中红色毛癣菌占95.0%(531/559),酵母菌中念珠菌属占71.8%(206/287),霉菌中曲霉属占53.6%(37/69);混合感染20例占2.2%。结论武汉地区甲真菌病的致病菌中以皮肤癣菌为主,其中红色毛癣菌为优势菌种,但是占致病菌的比例下降;酵母菌属和念珠菌属的比例上升;霉菌中以曲霉属和镰刀菌属为主。甲真菌病混合感染的比例上升。     

某社区医院甲真菌病临床类型和致病真菌的研究

目的分离和调查某社区医院甲真菌病的致病真菌和临床类型。方法自2005年1月～2007年8月,对306例甲真菌病患者的病甲进行致病真菌分离,将取材物进行KOH显微镜检查和真菌培养。记录每位患者的病史资料,分析致病真菌分布与各因素之间的关系,临床类型与致病真菌之间的关系。结果306例中足趾甲感染占62.1%,手指甲感染占9.5%,手足指趾甲混合感染占28.4%。远端侧缘甲下型(DLSO)是最常见的一种临床类型,有195例患者(63.7%),其次是全甲破坏型(TDO)(82例;26.8%),无甲沟炎的近端甲下型(PSO)(18例;5.9%),合并甲沟炎的近端甲下型(PSO)(8例;2.6%),浅表白甲型(SWO)(3例;0.98%)。DLSO与其他临床类型相比显著增多(P<0.001)。306株致病真菌中主要为皮肤癣菌(68.0%),其中80.3%为红色毛癣菌;酵母菌22.5%,其中73.9%为白念珠菌;第三位是霉菌(9.5%),主要为曲霉。结论发现该社区医院甲真菌病常见的临床类型为DLSO和TDO,而PSO和SWO不常见。致病病原菌以红色毛癣菌和白念珠菌为主。临床类型和病原学关系显示单一致病真菌可以引发一种以上类型的甲真菌病。     

甲真菌病危险因素的病例对照研究

目的探讨甲真菌病发病可能的危险因素。方法对175例甲真菌病患者进行1∶1配比的病例对照研究,采用单因素和多因素的条件Logistic回归分析。结果甲真菌病发病与下列9个因素密切相关:足癣(OR=10.502),手癣(OR=9.991),长期用广谱抗生素、皮质类固醇、免疫抑制剂治疗(OR=7.180),潮湿的生活或工作环境(OR=5.167),家族史(OR=2.687),甲外伤(OR=2.668),公用拖鞋、擦脚布、脚盆(OR=2.081),手足多汗(OR=1.955)、勤换鞋袜(OR=0.324)。结论足癣,手癣,长期用广谱抗生素、皮质类固醇、免疫抑制剂治疗,潮湿的生活或工作环境,家族史,甲外伤,公用拖鞋、擦脚布、脚盆,手足多汗是甲真菌病发病的危险因素,勤换鞋袜为甲真菌病的保护因素。     

Onychomycosis – a small step for quality of care

Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail unit, representing the most common nail disorder and accounting for 50% all nail diseases. Unfortunately, many patients are mismanaged, as physicians routinely treat onychomycosis empirically, falsely believing that they can make the diagnosis based on history and clinical inspection alone. We propose and provide evidence for why the diagnosis of onychomycosis should be confirmed by objective methods in each patient before initiating treatment.     

Chronic interdigital dermatophytic infection: a common lesion associated with potentially severe consequences

Interdigital intertrigo and onychomycosis has the potential cause of severe bacterial infectious complications with pain, mobility problems, abscess, erysipelas, cellulitis, fasciitis and osteomyelitis. In another hand, diabetic neuropathy, which affects 60-70% of those with diabetes mellitus, is one of the most troubling complications for persons with diabetes. These people are high suspecting to be infected by dermatophytic infections in interdigital spaces or onychomycosis witch are frequently induce damage to the stratum corneum, leading to bacterial proliferation and secondary infection.A patient presented with an asymptomatic warm, painless, erythematous swelling of the second left toe, which had been present for a few weeks. Clinically, the lesion was categorized as erysipelas upon an insidious abscess formation. Further investigation was undertaken to confirm the presence of diabetes.Leg erysipelas is a common affection which, according to various studies, has both local concomitants (interdigital intertrigo, lymphoedema, surgical antecedents) and/or general causes (immune suppression, diabetes, alcoholism, etc). Interdigital intertrigo, tinea pedis, and onychomycosis present as public health problems that could trigger serious deterioration in patient quality of life, due to complications induced by secondary bacterial infections.     

光学治疗在甲真菌病中的应用

甲真菌病是甲板和甲床被皮肤癣菌或其他真菌感染所引起的病变,常用的治疗方法包括局部外用或口服抗真菌药物治疗及拔甲治疗,但这些方法均存在一定的缺陷.近年来,光学治疗被应用于甲真菌病的治疗中,目前用于甲真菌病的光学治疗包括光动力治疗和激光治疗,它们分别通过光化学反应及选择性光热作用原理治疗甲真菌病.多项临床研究均表明,光动力疗法和激光可以有效治疗甲真菌病,且不良反应小.概述光学治疗甲真菌病的机制,疗效及安全性.