Components in the P300: Don’t forget the Novelty P3!

This study investigated stimulus-response patterns of temporal principal components analysis (PCA)–derived event-related potential (ERP) components in a classical auditory habituation paradigm with long interstimulus intervals. The skin conductance response (SCR) was included as the “gold standard” model of the Orienting Reflex. Thirty participants were presented with a single series of 10 identical 60 dB tones, followed by a change trial at a different frequency. Single-trial, electrooculography-corrected ERPs were submitted to temporal PCA. The main focus was on the components expected in the P300/Late Positive Complex (LPC), and their electromagnetic tomography–derived cortical sources. Nine components were identified between 90 and 470 ms poststimulus (in temporal order): three N1 subcomponents, P2, four LPC components, and a negative Slow Wave (SW). The expected order of P3a, P3b, Novelty P3 (nP3), and positive Slow Wave (+SW) in the LPC was confirmed. SCR demonstrated strong exponential decay and recovery. P3b and nP3 each showed exponential decrement over trials, but only nP3 showed recovery at the change trial. Novelty effects failed to reach significance for the other LPC components, and were not apparent in non-LPC components. Frontal lobe activity in Brodmann areas 6, 8, and 9 was common to P3a, P3b, nP3, and +SW, consistent with the functional integration of these components in the LPC. Individual components had specific sources, although some sources overlapped between components or were reactivated later in the LPC. These data provide a fresh perspective on the components of the LPC and their cortical sources, and offer a processing model for the P300 in a habituation task, potentially generalizable to other paradigms.     

Probing the lifetimes of auditory novelty detection processes

Auditory novelty detection can be fractionated into multiple cognitive processes associated with their respective neurophysiological signatures. In the present study we used high-density scalp event-related potentials (ERPs) during an active version of the auditory oddball paradigm to explore the lifetimes of these processes by varying the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA). We observed that early MMN (90-160 ms) decreased when the SOA increased, confirming the evanescence of this echoic memory system. Subsequent neural events including late MMN (160-220 ms) and P3a/P3b components of the P3 complex (240-500 ms) did not decay with SOA, but showed a systematic delay effect supporting a two-stage model of accumulation of evidence. On the basis of these observations, we propose a distinction within the MMN complex of two distinct events: (1) an early, pre-attentive and fast-decaying MMN associated with generators located within superior temporal gyri (STG) and frontal cortex, and (2) a late MMN more resistant to SOA, corresponding to the activation of a distributed cortical network including fronto-parietal regions.     

病案缺陷质量分析

目的对病案缺项问题进行分析并提出解决方案,保证病案的完整性。方法对2010年1578份缺项病案进行分类、统计和分析。结果病案书写打印不及时、科室缺乏有效管理、对病案质量重要性认识不足、医护人员工作量大等因素是造成病案缺项的主要原因。结论医院信息系统的整合,合理配置医疗资源,提高医生对病案质量重要性认识,加快电子病历试点工作的完成,才能减少甚至消除病案质量的缺项问题,全面提高病案质量。     

查新报告中体现科技项目先进性的方法研究

从引用文献、对比分析以及查新报告结论等方面阐述如何在查新报告中体现科技项目的先进性,指出应尽量引用核心期刊、科技含量高、博硕士论文等文献,选择较为先进的指标进行对比分析,查新结论需体现研究水平,希望能对科技项目的审批提供参考意见。     

Requestioning depression in patients with cancer: contribution of somatic and affective symptoms to Beck's Depression Inventory.

BACKGROUND: Depressive symptoms are a major complaint reported by cancer patients. Somatic and affective symptoms can contribute to depression. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We investigated the prevalence of somatic and affective depressive symptoms with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) in 213 hospitalized cancer patients prior to the start of chemotherapy. RESULTS: Seventeen of 213 patients (8%) were screened positive for major depression; 40 (19%) had mild to moderate depressive symptoms. The corresponding figures for somatic and affective symptoms were 33.3% and 2.8% in the patients with major depression and 23.0% and 8.0% in those with mild to moderate depressive symptoms. Female patients, patients with solid tumour and those with functional limitations had significantly higher mean scores. All differences were related to higher scores in somatic and not in affective items. CONCLUSIONS: Most alterations in the BDI in cancer patients are related to somatic and not to affective symptoms and may be attributed not to depression but to severity of the underlying disease.     

A comparative study of dietary intake among urban Japanese and Chinese aged 50∼79

This study examined the difference in dietary intake between middle-aged and elderly Japanese and Chinese. Volunteers aged 50–79 living in two cities in both Japan and China were recruited in local community service centers and were asked to complete a 3-day diet recording. The final results were based on 356 subjects (166 Chinese and 190 Japanese). In men, the Japanese subjects significantly consumed more energy, with a large proportion of the energy coming from carbohydrates, dietary fiber, vitamin A, vitamin B₂, vitamin C and they consumed less iron, and a lower proportion of energy from protein and fat than in the Chinese subjects. In women, the Japanese subjects had significantly higher intakes of energy, the proportion of energy from carbohydrates, dietary fiber, calcium, vitamin A, vitamin B₁, vitamin B₂, vitamin C and they consumed less iron, with the proportion of energy from protein and from fat in comparison with the Chinese women. Fat intake provided more than 29% of the total dietary energy in Chinese subjects. Daily intake of food items was significantly greater in the Japanese participants, both men and women (18.54 ±2.85, 20.11 ± 2.40, respectively), than in the Chinese subjects (14.11 ± 3.62, 15.51 ± 4.15, respectively) (p<0.01 by Mann WhitneyU-test). The present study suggests that the middleaged and elderly Chinese subjects should increase their variety of foods consumed while decreasing their consumption of high-fat foods. For the Japanese subjects, the higher intake of total calories among the woman should also be noted.     

Novelty-related activation within the medial temporal lobes

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to examine whether (1) verbal associative encoding activates the medial temporal lobes (MTL) and related regions more than non-associative encoding, (2) verbal associative novelty is related to enhanced MTL activation, and (3) verbal item novelty is related to enhanced MTL activation and, if so, whether these activations are in different or overlapping sites. No increase in MTL activation was found during verbal associative encoding relative to non-associative encoding, although associative encoding was related to a relative increase in activation in the posterior cingulate cortex. In contrast, verbal associative novelty was found to activate the MTL and posterior cingulate cortex. Verbal item novelty did not significantly activate any brain region. The verbal associative novelty-related effect occurred despite subjects having little awareness of associative novelty. The verbal associative novelty-related activation in the MTL may be related either to unconscious novelty detection or to a priming effect at encoding. We argue that if the priming explanation is correct then this may account for our failure to observe an associative encoding MTL activation.     

肾综合征出血热早期凝血六项检测及应用肝素的临床意义

目的探讨小剂量肝素对肾综合征出血热(HFRS)的临床意义.方法将两组HFRS发热期患者在入院当天均做凝血六项检测,其中一组(肝素组)每天用5%的葡萄糖250ml加肝素6250单位(50mg)静滴一次,4天为一疗程.其他治疗两组均按HFRS常规治疗.结果肝素组血小板(PLT)和纤维蛋白原(FIB)的非正常参考值指标均高于非肝素组(P<0.01),提示肝素组病情重于非肝素组,而肝素组死亡率(5.8%)却低于非肝素组(8.2%).结论 HFRS患者早期应用小剂量肝素,对减少病理损伤,及时纠正高凝状态,防止血栓形成,降低病死率具有临床意义.     

社区卫生服务项目流程化管理研究(二)--制定社区卫生服务基本项目

目的 对社区卫生服务的需要项目和发展状态进行研究，奠定流程化管理基础。方法 采用现场调查和座谈会法。结果 社区医疗服务内容较多，康复保健等服务项目需要进一步发展。结论 目前社区卫生服务组织提供的服务项目在一些方面和国外社区卫生服务组织以及卫生部要求提供的项目基本一致，但进一步发展服务项目一定要不断完善。     

连续传代人胚骨骼肌成肌细胞生物学特性研究

目的 探讨成肌细胞连续传代能力,选择适宜肌组织工程研究的成肌细胞。方法 常规传代培养人胚骨骼肌细胞,以生长曲线、融合率分别观察细胞增列、分化能力,探讨成纤维细胞沾染对传代细胞的影响。结果 第６代以内细胞成纤维细胞沾染轻,主要表现出成肌细胞的生长特性,增殖较旺盛,分化能力高。第８代￣第１６代细胞成纤维细胞沾染重,表现出成纤维细胞的生长特性,增殖速度明显加快但分化能力低。第２０代细胞退变明显,细胞增殖