从奥运食品安全保障浅析食品监管模式

作者介绍了2008年北京奥运会的食品安全保障情况,结合我国目前食品监管模式特点,对我国的食品监管模式存在的问题进行分析,同时借鉴国外成熟的监管经验,对今后我国食品安全监管工作提出建议和展望。     

我省长学制医学教育的回顾与思考

我省七年制医学教育开办了近20年,为社会培养了一批深受欢迎、质量较好和具有较高综合素质的高层次医学人才。建立与我省经济发展水平相适应的以五年制为主体、重点发展八年制的医学教育学制体系,是我省高等医学教育发展的必然趋势。     

Predictive value of histopathologic parameters in early squamous cell carcinoma of oral tongue

The clinical course of early squamous cell carcinoma of oral tongue (OTSCC) is unpredictable and various histopathologic parameters of the primary tumour have been suggested as prognostic factors to be used in clinical decision-making. We reviewed clinicopathologic data of 73 patients diagnosed with Stage I–II OTSCC. Predictive value of pathological T-stage, depth of infiltration, grade, and mode of invasion with respect to local recurrences, occult cervical metastases, and disease specific survival (DSS) was analysed. Depth of infiltration and pT-stage significantly predicted occult nodal disease, while only pT-stage predicted local recurrence. Specific cut-off value for depth of infiltration separating high-risk and low-risk patients was not found. Significant correlations between the histopathologic parameters and DSS were not found. We conclude that depth of infiltration predicted occult nodal disease but its value in clinical decision-making is limited because of poor specificity when using a cut-off value that offers reasonable sensitivity for finding the patients with occult nodal disease. The risk for occult metastases and local recurrence was high in patients with pT2 tumours.     

Further evidence against a direct genotoxic mode of action for arsenic-induced cancer

Arsenic in drinking water, a mixture of arsenite and arsenate, is associated with increased skin and other cancers in Asia and Latin America, but not the United States. Arsenite alone in drinking water does not cause skin cancers in experimental animals; therefore, it is not a complete carcinogen in skin. We recently showed that low concentrations of arsenite enhanced the tumorigenicity of solar UV irradiation in hairless mice, suggesting arsenic cocarcinogenesis with sunlight in skin cancer and perhaps with different carcinogenic partners for lung and bladder tumors. Cocarcinogenic mechanisms could include blocking DNA repair, stimulating angiogenesis, altering DNA methylation patterns, dysregulating cell cycle control, induction of aneuploidy and blocking apoptosis. Arsenicals are documented clastogens but not strong mutagens, with weak mutagenic activity reported at highly toxic concentrations of inorganic arsenic. Previously, we showed that arsenite, but not monomethylarsonous acid (MMA[III]), induced delayed mutagenesis in HOS cells. Here, we report new data on the mutagenicity of the trivalent methylated arsenic metabolites MMA(III) and dimethylarsinous acid [DMA(III)] at the gpt locus in Chinese hamster G12 cells. Both methylated arsenicals seemed mutagenic with apparent sublinear dose responses. However, significant mutagenesis occurred only at highly toxic concentrations of MMA(III). Most mutants induced by MMA(III) and DMA(III) exhibited transgene deletions. Some non-deletion mutants exhibited altered DNA methylation. A critical discussion of cell survival leads us to conclude that clastogenesis occurs primarily at highly cytotoxic arsenic concentrations, casting further doubt as to whether a genotoxic mode of action (MOA) for arsenicals is supportable.     

全程护理干预对降低初产妇负性分娩体验以及分娩方式的影响研究

目的：讨论全程护理干预对降低初产妇负性分娩体验以及分娩方式的影响。方法：选择2022年1月至2022年6月来我院产科分娩的400例初产妇,随机分组各200例,对照组施以常规产科护理,研究组施以全程护理,观察两组的干预结局。结果：研究组的自然分娩率(66.00%)高于对照组(48.00%),P＜0.05。干预前两组HAMA与HAMD评分相匹配,P＞0.05。干预后HAMA与HAMD评分比干预前低,P＜0.05。干预后研究组的HAMA与HAMD评分比对照组低,P＜0.05。研究组的不良妊娠发生率(2.00%)低于对照组(7.00%),P＜0.05。研究组的护理依从率(98.00%)高于对照组(90.50%),P＜0.05。结论：全程护理干预可改善初产妇的负性分娩体验与分娩方式、妊娠结局,值得应用推广。     

医院迁建工程的地源热泵系统设计

地源热泵室外地埋管系统与常规“电制冷＋燃气锅炉”相比，具有显著的节能减排效益。文章通过工程实践，具体地统计出一所医院全年生产卫生热水及冬季空调用热的数量，为实现节能减排的目标提供了科学数据。     

归国劳务人员传染病监测模式的探讨

目的 了解归国劳务人员患传染病状况，探讨其监测模式的防治对策；方法 选择某劳务工司，对归国劳务人员实施了HIV抗体、RPR抗体、HBsAg检测和胸部透视检查，根据结果作原因分析，寻找适合归国劳务人员传染病监测的途径；结果 某劳务公司1996年至2000年底派往新加坡、牙买加、毛里求斯等国归国劳务人员960名，健康检查680名，检出RPR抗体阳性3例、HBsAg阳性29例；结论 提示要加大加强对归国劳务人员的传染病监测工作，防止传染病的传入和传播，在加强出境劳务人员传染病防治知识宣传教育的同时，认真履行归国劳务人员传染病监测的法律法规，建议政府尽快制定劳务人员归国后自觉接受体检的管理办法和具体措施。     

Les composantes du crime violent : une nouvelle méthode d'analyse comportementale de l'homicide et de sa scène

The analysis of violent crime could be performed through six fundamental criteria which are violence, emotion, crime-process, sexual-aspect, relationship and circumstances. Each of these components includes several items such as the offender's affect, the characteristics of the context, the crime itself and the global modus operandi. The main items of theses components are different, depending on the three following steps: Before, during and after the crime. The Behavioural Analysis Unit of the French Gendarmerie Nationale is currently carrying out an experiment on an original criminal profiling method, embracing all these items. Moreover, if the offender's identity is discovered and if he's arrested, this new tool, equally used for behaviour, crime and crime scene analysis, is dedicated to help psychiatrists determining the offender's mental state during his crime process.     

Mode switching failure during atrial flutter: the '2:1 lock-in' phenomenon.

AIMS: To evaluate incidence and mechanism of a special form of automatic mode switching (MS) failure in patients with atrial flutter. METHODS AND RESULTS: Retrospectively the charts of 134 patients implanted with dual chamber pacemakers with MS algorithms were reviewed. Seven patients (5.2%) were identified that presented with sustained rapid ventricular pacing resulting from atrial flutter with failure of automatic MS. Since this form of MS failure implies 2:1 tracking of atrial flutter, it was coined '2:1 lock-in'. A theoretical timing model was developed to clarify the mechanism of this special form of MS failure. Prerequisites for the '2:1 lock-in' phenomenon are: (1). the sum of the AV delay and the post ventricular blanking (PVAB) must be longer than the cycle length of the atrial flutter, (2). the tachycardia detection rate must be higher than half the atrial flutter rate and (3). the maximum tracking rate (MTR) must be higher than half the atrial flutter rate. Recommendations for programming in order to avoid this specific form of MS failure are made accordingly and parallel algorithms for flutter detection are discussed. CONCLUSION: '2:1 lock-in' is a typical form of MS failure in patients with atrial flutter and the mechanism is closely linked to the typical atrial sensing windows.     

人类干细胞再生研究的哲学透视

目的：人类干细胞再生研究对生命科学和医药学等的发展具有极大的价值，在新科技革命中占有举足轻重的重要地位，理所当然地居于当代科技发展的最前沿。方法：人类干细胞再生研究在国内外都进入了实质性研究开发的初级阶段，但很快就形成了中西方的“原位”和“体外”两种相反的模式。结果：不同的模式取决于不同的医学哲学思路。思路模式的不同，必然地使其关键技术、优劣长短和面临的伦理法律问题等也不同。结论：两种模式优势互补，将使人体固有机能和人类生物医学高科技都得到极致性的发挥。