UK food and nutrition security during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic

The COVID‐19 pandemic is a major shock to society in terms of health and economy that is affecting both UK and global food and nutrition security. It is adding to the ‘perfect storm’ of threats to society from climate change, biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation, at a time of considerable change, rising nationalism and breakdown in international collaboration. In the UK, the situation is further complicated due to Brexit. The UK COVID‐19 Food and Nutrition Security project, lasting one year, is funded by the Economic and Social Research Council and is assessing the ongoing impact of COVID‐19 on the four pillars of food and nutrition security: access, availability, utilisation and stability. It examines the food system, how it is responding, and potential knock on effects on the UK’s food and nutrition security, both in terms of the cascading risks from the pandemic and other threats. The study provides an opportunity to place the initial lessons being learnt from the on‐going responses to the pandemic in respect of food and nutrition security in the context of other long‐term challenges such as climate change and biodiversity loss.     

2018年四川省外卖配送餐中微生物污染情况分析

目的 通过对2018年四川省外卖配送餐中微生物污染情况进行分析,对相关部门提供参考意见。方法 收集2018年四川省外卖配送餐数据,对其进行描述性分析;对外卖配送餐中微生物污染情况进行单因素χ2检验和多因素logistic回归检验。结果 2018年我省共采集外卖配送餐209份,样本不满意率为26.79%,食品类别与是否在网络平台注册为外卖配送餐中微生物污染情况的危险因素。食品类别为中式凉拌菜（Waldχ2 = 15.749,P = 0.007,OR = 1.333）,沙拉（Waldχ2 = 8.696,P = 0.041,OR = 1.273）和熟肉制品（Waldχ2 = 6.080,P = 0.035,OR = 1.032）,以及没有在网络平台注册（Waldχ2 = 3.540,P = 0.040,OR = 3.116）的外卖配送餐中微生物污染较严重。结论 2018年四川省外卖配送餐不满意率较高,总体卫生情况欠佳,存在引发食源性疾病的潜在风险。建议针对不同类别的食品,特别是中式凉拌菜、沙拉和熟肉制品,以及没有在网络平台注册的外卖配送餐馆,相关部门应予以重视,定期进行检查,以降低食品安全隐患。     

21世纪医疗保障制度改革的几种趋势

综观世界诸医疗保障制度改革的实践和理论研究,21世纪医疗保障制度改革有以下几种趋势：强调社会保障的人权意义,医疗保障是基本的人权保障的重要方面,医疗保障向健康保障过渡;医疗保障中适当地导入市场机制的作用,重视社区卫生服务。     

特区孕产妇,新生儿及儿童红细胞免疫功能探讨

目的：检测深圳特区８５０ 例孕、产妇、新生儿、不同年龄儿童红细胞免疫功能,观察其正常水平并为其保健作为对比。方法：采用祝爱霞微量全血法ＲＢＣ－ Ｃ３ｂＲＲ（ 红细胞Ｃ３ｂ 受体酵母菌花环试验） 和ＲＢＣ－ ＩＣＲ（ 红细胞免疫复合物花环试验） 。结果：不同年龄组儿童的ＲＢＣ－ Ｃ３ｂＲＲ 及ＲＢＣ－ ＩＣＲ 与正常组比较,红细胞免疫功能低下（ Ｐ＜ ０－０１） ,而不同年龄儿童组间的ＲＢＣ－ Ｃ３ｂＲＲ 无显著性差异（ Ｐ＞ ０－０５） ,但ＲＢＣ－ ＩＣＲ 有着非常显著性差异（ Ｐ＜ ０－０１） 。产妇组在产后２４ 小时以内ＲＢＣ－ Ｃ３ｂＲＲ 和ＲＢＣ－ ＩＣＲ 与正常组比无显著性差异（ Ｐ＞ ０－０５） ,而孕妇及新生儿的ＲＢＣ－ Ｃ３ｂＲＲ 和ＲＢＣ－ ＩＣＲ 与正常组相比有着非常显著性意义（ Ｐ＜ ０－０１） 。结论：对不同年龄的儿童、孕妇及新生儿应采取相应保健综合措施,提高其红细胞免疫功能是完全必要的。     

A training program on exclusive breastfeeding in maternity wards.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate whether a 3-day training program for health professionals was followed by changes in maternity ward practices and in the rate of exclusive breastfeeding. METHODS: A retrospective study in the maternity ward of a French university hospital involved two cross-sectional samples of 323 mother-infant pairs in 1997 and 324 in 2000. RESULTS: The rate of exclusive breastfeeding at discharge increased from 15.8% (12.0-20.2) in the before sample to 35.2% (30.0-40.6) in the after sample (P<0.01). This result persisted in the multivariable analysis [adjusted odds ratio, 2.74 (1.72-4.37)]. Infants in the before sample were less likely to be breastfed within 1 h of birth (9.2% vs. 16.9%, P=0.01), to room-in 24 h/day (56.6% vs. 72.6%, P<0.01), and were more likely to receive formula supplementation (77.6% vs. 54.0%, P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: A training program for health professionals can be effective in improving maternity ward practices and increasing exclusive breastfeeding rate at discharge.     

华法令对中老年非瓣膜病房颤病人抗凝治疗的临床研究

目的观察华法令对于中、老年心房颤动病人抗凝治疗的有效性和安全性。方法对符合本研究标准的86例老年心颤动病人随机分为两组,华法令疗组(治疗组)和阿司匹林对照组(对照组),治疗组41例,给予华法林3mg/d开始,监测凝血酶原时间(PT)及国际标准化比值(INR)观察7～15d使INR达到2.0～3.0范围内,以后每月查1次INR。若病人需增加或减少药物或有出血倾向时随时再测INR。对照组45例,给予阿司匹林300mg/d,分2次服用。结果治疗组,平均9.7±2.1d,INR达2.0～3.0(平均2.5±0.12),其中INR在1.8～2.5(平均1.90±0.21)之间者占90.2%,治疗组有1例高血压心脏病病人出现脑梗死,而对照组有6例发生脑梗死,其余不良反应率两组差异无显著性。结论中、老年非瓣膜病心房颤动病人选择华法令2～3mg/d时,加强服药后监测及各药物间的相互作用,使INR保持在1.8～2.5之间是有效、安全的。     

母血、羊水中IGF水平与胎儿宫内生长受限关系的研究

目的 探讨胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-1)和IGF-Ⅱ与胎儿生长发育的关系。方法 抽取15例分娩IUGR胎儿(IUGR组)及20例分娩正常Jk(对照组)产妇肘静脉血、新生儿脐静血及羊水。采用放射免疫法及免疫放射法分别测定其IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-Ⅱ水平。结果 IUGR组产妇血清IGF-Ⅰ水平低于对照组，IGF-Ⅱ水平无显著差异；IUGR组脐血及羊水中IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-Ⅱ水平较对照组显著降低。结论 检测母血及羊水中IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-Ⅱ水平可监测胎儿生长发育，早期诊断IUGR。     

农村移民双层医疗保障体系的结构分析

针对湖南省华容县灾害性移民的医疗问题，提出建立医疗救助和新型农村合作医疗两个层次的移民医疗保障体系，并分析新型农村合作医疗在移民地区的适用性。