聋人婚前耳聋基因检测及婚配生育情况调查分析

目的了解婚前聋人基因检测及婚配生育情况,为预防耳聋提供依据。方法对自愿接受基因检测的情侣耳聋基因突变进行检测。结果聋人婚配模式是15对聋人与聋人婚配的9对占60％;聋人与健听人婚配占26．67％;聋人与重听人结婚的占13．33％。其中9对聋与聋在婚前进行遗传咨询占60．O％,接受致聋基因检测的仅有3对占20．0％。生育正常12例后代,1例听力正常的女孩为GJB2235delc杂合突变携带者,1例男婴,重度耳聋为SLC26A4IVS7—2A〉G杂合突变。结论婚前进行常见耳聋基因检测,是对耳聋预防与出生缺陷干预的有效措施。     

婚检人群艾滋病知识及健康教育效果分析

目的 :了解婚检人群艾滋病知识及相关态度 ,并对健康教育效果进行评价。方法 :对 2 0 0 0年 11月1日～ 11月 2 4日在南山区妇幼保健院进行婚前检查的 10 4名青年男女进行健康教育前后的问卷调查。结果 :婚检人群的艾滋病知识水平较高 ,知识正确率平均为 81.5 % ,但在个别非传播途径方面认识较差 ;知识来源主要是大众媒介。结论 :婚检教育应以艾滋病 /性病知识为主 ,教育双方树立健康积极的婚姻、家庭及性道德观。     

Polygynous marital structure and child survivorship in sub-Saharan Africa: Some empirical evidence from Ghana

Although studies have found children in married families to have better health outcomes than those in other family types, this strand of research implicitly views marriage as monolithic and, by default, monogamous as found in western industrialized societies. In polygynous cultures, there is a need to make a distinction between polygynous and monogamous families, because these marital arrangements might imply varying levels of parental support necessary for optimum child outcomes. Using pooled children's data from the 1998 and 2003 (N = 4938) Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys, this study investigates the effects of polygynous marital structure on child survivorship and assesses whether the effect is uniform over the entire childhood period. In models that did not allow for age-specific effects of polygyny, children in polygynous marriages were found to have an elevated risk of death. Further analysis revealed that only older children experienced the survival disadvantages associated with polygyny.     

Reproductive Activity and Offspring Health of Young Adults with Childhood-Onset Epilepsy: A Controlled Study

Summary: Purpose : To study reproductive activity and offspring health in a prospective follow-up setting.
Methods : After a 35-year follow-up of a population-based patient cohort with childhood-onset "epilepsy only", 100 (56.8%) of 176 surviving patients were shown to have "epilepsy only", i.e., recurrent unprovoked seizures with no associated neuroimpairment. Their reproductivity and offspring health were compared with those of matched controls.
Results : The marriage rate and fertility of patients with "epilepsy only" were significantly reduced as compared with those of matched controls. Continuation of antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment was significantly associated with reduced reproduction, whereas occurrence of seizures during the previous 5 years was not. The incidence of epilepsy was nine times greater among the children of patients than among those of controls. No higher risks were observed in pregnancy or delivery in patients, nor were increased rates of birth defects in their offspring than in those of contols. Exposure to AEDs during pregnancy did not increase these risks.
Conclusions : Patients with "epilepsy only" since childhood have fewer marriages and fewer children than expected. However, when they marry, their pregnancies and deliveries are unremarkable and their children do not have increased congenital health problems. Obviously, etiologies causative of both epilepsy and associated neurological impairments are more harmful to the course of pregnancy and delivery and offspring health than are those resulting in "epilepsy only".     

上海市区新婚夫妇生育计划及其变化分析

本文通过对上海市区7,872对新婚夫妇的前瞻性调查,分析新婚夫妇在结婚登记和开始正常性生活时的生育计划及其变化的决定因素。结果显示,半数以上的夫妇于结婚登记一个月以后才开始正常性生活,在结婚登记时,有43.4%夫妇表示婚后不打算避孕,56.6%表示将使用避孕以推迟受孕时间。到正常性生活开始时,有25.5%的夫妇改变了原来的生育计划,15.2%提前了受孕时间,10.3%推迟了受孕时间。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,结婚登记与开始正常性生活间隔时间较长、夫妇初婚年龄较轻及妻子的避孕知识较贫乏、则夫妇容易改变生育计划。妻子避孕知识较丰富、夫妇初婚年龄较大、丈夫有兄弟、妻子是脑力劳动者、婚前接受过正规性教育及没有婚前性行为的夫妇,容易推迟其生育计划。     

Effects of relationship education on maintenance of couple relationship satisfaction

Couple relationship education (RE) is the provision of structured education intended to promote healthy couple relationships, and prevent future relationship distress. There is a well-replicated finding that 9–20 hours of curriculum-based RE produces short-term improvements in couple communication and relationship satisfaction, but that established finding does not test whether RE helps couples maintain high relationship satisfaction. The current paper summarizes 17 published studies evaluating RE that have follow up assessments of at least 1 year, of which 14 studies found RE helped maintenance of relationship satisfaction. Couples with elevations of modifiable risk factors benefit substantially from RE, while benefits for couples with low risk have not yet been reliably demonstrated. Couples with elevations on risk factors not readily modified by current forms of RE are likely to show little or no benefit. Future research needs to clarify the mediators of RE effects, and how those mediators are moderated by couple risk profiles.     

辽宁省居民不同婚姻状况对身体健康影响的研究—基于中国家庭动态追踪调查数据

目的 了解辽宁省居民的婚姻状况,分析不同婚姻状况对身体健康的影响,提出改善居民健康的有效建议。方法 采用STATA12.0软件,运用统计描述、卡方检验和多因素Logistic回归分析,基于CFPS2010年数据进行分析。结果 不同婚姻状况、性别、年龄等因素在近2周不适率、慢性病患病率方面的差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。其中,处于离婚状态女性的2项指标高于其他女性婚姻状况者,处于丧偶状态男性的2项指标高于其他男性婚姻状况者,女性这2项指标都高于男性;城乡因素对近2周身体不适率没有影响（P ＞ 0.05）,但是与慢性病患病率具有一定联系（P ＜ 0.05）;通过Logistic回归分析发现婚姻现状对健康状况的影响没有贡献（P ＞ 0.1）。结论 在患病率方面,城市人群更易患慢性病,应引起注意,建议日常坚持体育锻炼,增强体格;性别方面,女性所受的健康危害要更大一些,应为重点保护人群;不良婚姻经历对人群生理健康的影响并不十分清楚,还需要进一步研究。     

对女性乳腺癌患者开展同伴教育模式婚姻质量干预效果评价

目的 评价女性乳腺癌患者同伴教育模式婚姻质量干预的效果。方法 在围手术期分别对干预组和对照组患者进行婚姻质量问卷调查,在化疗期间对患者分别进行同伴教育模式婚姻质量干预和传统健康教育,并在患者手术后1年再次进行婚姻质量问卷调查。结果 手术1年后干预组婚姻满意度(38.73±7.45)、夫妻交流(38.12±7.03)、性生活(36.77±6.96)评分均显著高于对照组的婚姻满意度(32.59±9.29)、夫妻交流(34.41±7.39)、性生活(32.59±6.59)(P＜0.001)。同时手术1年后干预组的婚姻满意度及夫妻交流评分也显著高于围手术期的评分(P＜0.05)。而手术1年后对照组的患者婚姻满意度、夫妻交流、性生活评分均显著降低(P＜0.001)。结论 同伴教育模式婚姻质量干预能够有效提高女性乳腺癌术后患者的婚姻质量。     

影响飞行员掩饰性心理家庭多因素分析

目的探讨飞行员夫妻双方掩饰性与心理健康及婚姻质量的关系。方法采用症状自评量表、艾森克个性问卷的掩饰分量表和Olson婚姻质量问卷对288名空军飞行员夫妻双方进行评定,采用SPSS15.0进行相关分析、回归分析。结果发现飞行员以及妻子的掩饰特质与自身的心理健康9个因子：躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、焦虑、抑郁、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性具有显著负相关性,前者相关系数在-0.219～-0.306之间,后者在-0.127～-0.391之间。飞行员以及妻子的掩饰特质与自身婚姻质量的12因子中的6（相关系数0.151～0.232）、7（相关系数0.123～0.309）项有显著正相关性;飞行员以及妻子的掩饰特质与对方的婚姻质量各有4项存在显著相关性,前者相关系数在0.127～0.251之间,后者在0.129～0.203之间。多因素分析揭示,对丈夫掩饰特质贡献最大的因素依次为妻子的焦虑情绪、妻子的恐怖情绪、丈夫的敌对情绪、妻子的婚姻满意度、丈夫的角色平等性;对妻子掩饰特质贡献最大的因素依次为妻子的敌对情绪、经济安排、性格相容性,丈夫的性生活、与亲友关系等。结论开展飞行员心理健康教育,进行婚姻家庭心理咨询时,提高夫妻双方的掩饰性是非常有必要的。