管理人员创造性人格特征研究

本研究通过对管理人员进行卡特尔个性测验 ,研究管理人员的创造性人格特征及影响创造性人格特征形成的主要因素     

Monosynaptic inputs to specific cell types of the intermediate and deep layers of the superior colliculus

The intermediate and deep layers of the midbrain superior colliculus (SC) are a key locus for several critical functions, including spatial attention, multisensory integration, and behavioral responses. While the SC is known to integrate input from a variety of brain regions, progress in understanding how these inputs contribute to SC-dependent functions has been hindered by the paucity of data on innervation patterns to specific types of SC neurons. Here, we use G-deleted rabies virus-mediated monosynaptic tracing to identify inputs to excitatory and inhibitory neurons of the intermediate and deep SC. We observed stronger and more numerous projections to excitatory than inhibitory SC neurons. However, a subpopulation of excitatory neurons thought to mediate behavioral output received weaker inputs, from far fewer brain regions, than the overall population of excitatory neurons. Additionally, extrinsic inputs tended to target rostral excitatory and inhibitory SC neurons more strongly than their caudal counterparts, and commissural SC neurons tended to project to similar rostrocaudal positions in the other SC. Our findings support the view that active intrinsic processes are critical to SC-dependent functions, and will enable the examination of how specific inputs contribute to these functions.     

Revman软件用于碘酸钾、碘化钾对小鼠血液抗氧化能力影响的Meta分析

目的 本文将Meta分析与碘缺乏病研究领域相结合,尝试采用Review Manager(Revman)软件量化比较碘化钾(KI)、碘酸钾(KIO3)对小鼠抗氧化能力的影响.方法 利用检索丁具收集文献,采用Revman 4.2.2版软件对收集到的数据进行Meta分析.文献纳入的标准是:采用小鼠作为实验对象,以KI、KIO3作为实验条件,采取随机对照实验设计、取小鼠血液进行检测,检测全血中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)活性、血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量,KI、KIO3剂量在较低范围内(50～180μg/L),实验周期在12周左右.结果 较低剂量KI与KIO3对12周左右的小鼠全血GPx以及血清MDA值的影响没有统计学差别,KI组的血清SOD值低于KIO3组.结论 12周时较低剂量KI与KIO3小鼠血液抗氧化能力仅KIO3组SOD有代偿性升高.GPx和MDA均无明显差别.     

氯吡格雷联合阿托伐他汀治疗缺血性心脑血管疾病的系统评价

目的:系统评价氯吡格雷与阿托伐他汀联合应用对缺血性心脑血管疾病的影响。方法:以"clopidogrel"、"atorvastatin"、"ClinicalTrial"、"氯吡格雷"、"阿托伐他汀"、"临床试验"为检索词,分别在EMBase、PubMed、Cochrane图书馆和中国期刊网数据库(CNKI)4个中英文数据库中进行检索,用ReviewManager5.0软件进行数据分析。结果:共有5项研究被纳入,以氯吡格雷为对照的相关临床研究有4篇(n=5874),以阿托伐他汀为对照的相关临床研究有3篇(n=6790)。结果显示,(1)氯吡格雷与阿托伐他汀联合应用时,心肌梗死、脑卒中和缺血性死亡综合事件的发生率比单独使用氯吡格雷低39%(合并RR=0.61,95%C(I0.51～0.74))。(2)氯吡格雷与阿托伐他汀联合应用时,综合终点事件发生率比单独使用阿托伐他汀低19%(合并RR=0.81,95%CI为(0.71～0.93))。结论:在临床上,氯吡格雷与阿托伐他汀的联合应用存在协同效应,比单独应用氯吡格雷或阿托伐他汀对缺血事件的预防作用更强。     

The importance of international consensus statements in surgery*

The article is a summary of some of the pertinent literature on professionalism, highlighting the difference between how physicians understand professionalism and how other groups e.g. politicians, nurses and hospital managers might view the professionalism of doctors. It partly explains why surgeons have become increasingly ‘managerialised’ and lost autonomy since the 1970s. I speculate what might be the logical conclusion of this process if surgeons continue to be seen as technicians. The choice facing the surgical profession appears to be between retrenching, by this is meant resisting the challenges to traditional notions of professionalism, or reforming, i.e. to develop new workable models that better serve society and the profession. Some of this might make uncomfortable reading for physicians and surgeons; it is meant to.     

煤炭企业管理者主要社会应激源研究

目的探讨煤炭企业管理者主要社会应激源状况。方法在开滦10万人口的总样本中,抽取比例为5%,即（10万人×5%=5000人）,采用分层整群随机法确定管理者样本为1146人。以自制的＂社会应激事件调查量表＂（Cronbacn信度检验系数为0.98）调查管理者主要社会应激源。结果社会应激源的来源,企业经理、中层管理、一般管理居于首位的均是社会环境的改善;企业经理、中层管理居于第二位的均是工作压力,一般管理者居于第二位的是经济压力;企业经理、中层管理居于第三位的均是经济压力;一般管理者居于第三位的是工作压力。企业经理感受压力居首位的是社会环境,其次是工作压力,末位是家庭问题。中层管理感受压力居首位的亦是社会环境,其次是工作压力,末位是家庭问题。一般管理感受压力居首位的亦是社会环境,其次是经济压力,末位是家庭问题。结论管理者更易＂先知先觉＂企业和社会的变化情况。因各管理群体的社会角色和实践不同,他们对各压力因素的感受不同。各管理群体关注相对较少的第四位均是家庭生活问题。     

Intensifying approaches to address clinical inertia among cardiovascular disease risk factors: A narrative review

ObjectiveClinical inertia, the absence of treatment initiation or intensification for patients not achieving evidence-based therapeutic goals, is a primary contributor to poor clinical outcomes. Effectively combating clinical inertia requires coordinated action on the part of multiple representatives including patients, clinicians, health systems, and the pharmaceutical industry. Despite intervention attempts by these representatives, barriers to overcoming clinical inertia in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor control remain.MethodsWe conducted a narrative literature review to identify individual-level and multifactorial interventions that have been successful in addressing clinical inertia.ResultsEffective interventions included dynamic forms of patient and clinician education, monitoring of real-time patient data to facilitate shared decision-making, or a combination of these approaches. Based on findings, we describe three possible multi-level approaches to counter clinical inertia – a collaborative approach to clinician training, use of a population health manager, and use of electronic monitoring and reminder devices.ConclusionTo reduce clinical inertia and achieve optimal CVD risk factor control, interventions should consider the role of multiple representatives, be feasible for implementation in healthcare systems, and be flexible for an individual patient’s adherence needs.Practice ImplicationsRepresentatives (e.g., patients, clinicians, health systems, and the pharmaceutical industry) could consider approaches to identify and monitor non-adherence to address clinical inertia.     

商场管理人员与营业员职业紧张的对比分析

采用职业紧张调查表(OSI)进行问卷调查。结果显示商场管理人员的紧张水平高于营业员,紧张反应较营业员严重;管理人员紧张反应与紧张水平的强预测因素与营业员有所差异。说明管理人员的紧张水平、紧张反应及其影响因素与营业员不同。     

Corrosion of filamentous intra-uterine copper. The MLCu250 and the MLCu375

Although the effective life span of an IUD provided with filamentous copper is, calculated on the basis of the rate of dissolution of copper, several years, corrosion may lead to breakage of the wire after a shorter period of use. When copper wire with a diameter of 0.20 to 0.25 mm is used, the proportion of IUDs with broken wires increases with time after three years of use. It was not known whether this disadvantage could be reduced or eliminated by the use of a thicker wire. In this study the corrosion behaviour was observed in MLCu250 and MLCu375 devices, which have copper wire with a diameter of 0.30 and 0.40 mm, respectively. The earliest breakage was observed after 8 months of use for 0.30 mm wire and after 9 months of use for 0.40 mm wire. In IUDs with 0.30 mm wire the proportion with broken wires increased after 3 years of use. Since examples of the MLCu375 with 0.40 mm wire used for more than 3 years were few, it was impossible to make definite conclusions in this respect. In general, the corrosion behaviour in copper diameter range of 0.3 to 0.4 mm is the same as indicated in previous studies for diameter range of 0.2 to 0.25.