Is there an impact of cervical plating on the development of adjacent segment degeneration following Smith-Robinson procedure? A magnetic resonance imaging study of 84 patients with a 24-year follow-up

BACKGROUND CONTEXT

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) without and with cervical plating (ACDF+CP) are accepted surgical techniques for the treatment of degenerative cervical disc disorders. The effect of CP on the development of adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) remains unclear.

某肝病专科医院住院患者肝病疾病谱变化趋势分析

采用SPSS21.0版本统计软件对近10年来收治的所有肝病患者疾病谱特征及比例变化趋势进行分析,结果显示从进展程度来看,肝硬化及肝癌略有上升趋势;肝病的主要病因中,病毒性肝炎比例最高但呈下降趋势,药物性肝损伤及酒精性肝病呈明显上升趋势;病毒性肝炎患者中,乙型肝炎呈下降趋势但仍占大多数,丙型肝炎呈明显上升趋势;非感染性肝病呈现高发态势,应引起关注和重视。     

Do Patients Retain their Family Physicians after Long-Term Care Entry? A Retrospective Cohort Study

ObjectiveOlder adults value and benefit from the long-standing relationship they have with their family physicians. This dynamic has not been researched in a long-term care (LTC, ie, nursing home) setting. We sought to determine the proportion of LTC residents who retain their community family physician within the first 180 days of LTC, and the resident, physician, and LTC home factors that may influence retention.DesignPopulation-based retrospective cohort study.Setting and ParticipantsIndividuals from Ontario, Canada, aged 60 years or older who were newly admitted to a LTC home between April 1, 2014 and March 31, 2017.MethodsResidents were indexed upon LTC admission, and their data was linked across ICES databases. Residents were matched to their rostered family physician, and physician retention was defined as having at least 1 visit by their matched physician within 0 to 90 days and 90 to 180 days of LTC admission.ResultsOut of 50,089 LTC residents, 12.1% retained their family physicians post-LTC admission. Resident factors associated with reduced odds of retention included physical impairment [odds ratio OR (95% confidence interval, CI) = 0.59 (0.42‒0.83)], cognitive impairment [0.39 (0.33‒0.47)], and a dementia diagnosis [0.80 (0.74‒0.86)]. Physician factors associated with lower retention included a greater distance from the LTC home to the family physician's clinic [30+ kilometers 0.41 (0.35‒0.48)], having a physician who is female [0.90 (0.83‒0.98)], an international medical graduate [0.89 (0.81‒0.97)] or someone who practices in a capitation-based Family Health Organization [0.86 (0.78‒0.95)]. Factors associated with greater odds of retention were residing in a rural LTC home [2.23 (1.78‒2.79)], having a rural family physician [1.70 (1.52‒1.90)], or a family physician who has billed LTC fee codes in the past year [2.64 (2.45‒2.85)].Conclusions and ImplicationsFew LTC residents retained their family physician post-LTC admission, underscoring this healthcare transition as a breakdown point in relational continuity. Factors that influenced retention included resident health, LTC home geography, and family physician demographics and practice patterns.     

Outcomes of Long-term Interval Rescreening With Low-Dose Computed Tomography for Lung Cancer in Different Risk Cohorts

IntroductionWe hypothesize that the incidence of screen-detected lung cancer (LC), in participants with previously negative scans, will be highest in the cohort with the highest baseline risk score.MethodsIndividuals with negative baseline screening results from the Princess Margaret International Early Lung Cancer Action Program before 2009 underwent low-dose computed tomography rescreening from 2015 to 2018. Individuals were contacted in order of descending risk, as determined by the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial's PLCO_M2012 6-year LC risk-prediction model, and then categorized into three risk cohorts according to their baseline risks. The incidence of LC in each risk cohort was determined and compared. Chi-square testing was used for categorical variables and one-way analysis of variance on ranks was used for continuous variables.ResultsOf the 1261 participants we attempted to re-contact, 359 participants returned for a rescreening scan (mean of 7.6 years between scans). Participants were divided into low (<2%), moderate (≥2% to <3.5%), and high baseline risk (≥3.5%) cohorts. On average, those in the high-risk cohort compared to the moderate- and low-risk cohorts were older (66 years versus 62 and 59 years) and had a greater smoking history (54 pack-years versus 47 and 29 pack-years). The incidence of cancer in the high-risk cohort was significantly higher than in the moderate-risk cohort (11% versus 1.7%, p = 0.002).ConclusionsThere was a significantly higher incidence of LC in the high-risk cohort than in the moderate-risk cohort. The cut-point between the high- and moderate-risk was determined to be greater than or equal to 3.5% of the 6-year baseline risk.     

Time trend of exposure to the phthalate plasticizer substitute DINCH in Germany from 1999 to 2017: Biomonitoring data on young adults from the Environmental Specimen Bank (ESB)

DINCH (cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid-diisononyl ester) is a phthalate plasticizer substitute introduced into the market in 2002. It is increasingly used especially in the production of toys, food contact materials and medical devices. In this measurement campaign on 24-h urine samples of young adults (20–29 years) from the German Environmental Specimen Bank (ESB) collected in 2010, 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2017 (in total 300 samples, 60 samples/year) we analyzed three specific, oxidized DINCH metabolites (OH-MINCH: cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid-mono(hydroxy-isononyl) ester; cx-MINCH: cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid-mono(carboxy-isooctyl) ester, oxo-MINCH: cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid-mono(oxo-isononyl) ester). We merged these data with earlier data of the ESB from the years 1999–2012 and are now able to report levels and time trends of internal DINCH exposure from 1999 to 2017.After first detections of the major oxidized DINCH metabolite OH-MINCH in 2006 (6.7%) detection rates rapidly increased to 43.3% in 2009, 80% in 2010 and 98.3% in 2011 and 2012. From the year 2013 on we could detect OH-MINCH in every urine sample analyzed. The median concentrations of OH-MINCH rapidly increased from 0.15 μg/L in 2010 to twice the concentration in 2011 (0.31 μg/L) with further increases in 2013 (0.37 μg/L), 2015 (0.59 μg/L) and 2017 (0.70 μg/L). Similar increases, albeit at lower detection rates and concentration levels, could be observed for cx-MINCH and oxo-MINCH. All metabolites strongly correlate with each other.For the ESB study population, DINCH exposures are still far below health based guidance values such as the German Human Biomonitoring Value (HBM-I; 4,500 μg/L for the sum of OH-MINCH and cx-MINCH) or the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of EFSA (1 mg/kg bw/d). The median daily DINCH intake (DI) calculated for 2017 was 0.23 μg/kg bw/d, thus 4,310-times lower than the TDI. The maximum DI calculated for one individual in 2012 (42.60 μg/kg bw/d) was a factor of more than 20 below the TDI.The ongoing increase in DINCH exposure needs to be closely monitored in the future, including populations with potentially higher exposures such as children. This close monitoring will enable timely exposure and risk reduction measures if exposures reached critical levels, or if new toxicological data lead to lower health based guidance values. DINCH belongs to the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU) priority substances for which policy relevant questions still have to be answered.     

基于CiteSpace的中医传承研究可视化分析＊

目的 通过可视化分析从宏观角度呈现中医传承领域的研究概况、研究热点和前沿，分析未来发展趋势，为中医传承发展提供参考。方法 利用CiteSpace软件对2004-2018年间发表于中国知网（China National Knowledge Internet，CNKI）的中医传承研究领域论文进行分析，将该领域主要科研团队、科研机构、发文数量、研究焦点及走向以知识图谱形式呈现。结果 中医传承研究发文数量从2004-2010年期间处于起始期和缓慢增长期，自2011年后处于显著增长期，以唐仕欢为代表的科研团队和以山东中医药大学为首的科研院校为中医传承做出了较大贡献。中医传承辅助软件的应用极大方便和扩展了传承的内容和深度，传承研究日趋细化、数据化、客观化。结论 国家采用科研立项、国医大师评选等一系列扶植中医的政策及名师带徒等具体传承工作的实施是中医传承研究领域迅速升温的直接原因。计算机、统计学的发展以及中医传承软件的开发为中医传承研究注入了新活力。预计在今后相当长一段时间内，围绕中医传承实践方法的探索、基于人工智能的数据挖掘技术的开发及传承软件升级将是该领域持续关注的焦点。