Developmental needs and early childhood education: evolutionary,my dear Watson

Examining the processes of natural selection, described by Darwin in The Origin of Species, casts light on our own species’ fundamental needs and on the far greater role that early childhood educators can play in their fulfillment. The second section of this paper analyzes how our fundamental needs emerge in a sequence underpinned by the processes of natural selection (goodness‐of‐fit, variation and replication), are thus developmental in a new sense and are fulfilled only as organisms interact with their immediate environment. The subsequent section presents a model of how, in accordance with natural selection, adults can practise collaborative behaviors that facilitate this developmental sequence throughout life. The fourth section shows how early childhood educators who practise this model in interaction with their immediate environment (which includes parents) help to fulfill the fundamental needs and increase the internal resources of all participants—themselves, parents and children. Substantiating evidence comes from the author’s studies.     

Survey of maternal-fetal medicine subspecialists: Professional activities,job setting,satisfaction, and trends over time

The purpose of this survey was to describe the job setting, professional activities, and satisfaction of maternal-fetal medicine (MFM) subspecialists and to compare these with previous surveys. A questionnaire was mailed to members of the Society of Perinatal Obstetricians (SPO). The results were compared to a similar survey in 1986. Of 1,352 members, 58% responded. In comparison to 1986, there was an increase in percentage of women (25%); a decrease in university hospital-based faculty (55%); and an increase in community hospital-based salaried physicians (23%) and private practice (15%). The distribution of professional time changes with an increase in clinical care, a decrease in teaching and research. The annual number of procedures increased for ultrasound and genetics and decreased for gynecologic procedures. Since 1986, there have been significant changes among MFM subspecialists in job setting, allocation of professional time, and number and types of procedures. Job satisfaction remains high.     

Professional Burnout:

This paper attempts to answer the question of why social caseworkers have ongoing supervision by exploring the historical evolution of social work supervision. Supervision has withstood the many changes in the field since its beginning in the late 1800s and has been reinterpreted to fit the prevailing theories guiding practice, thus avoiding obsolescence. Supervision began as an educational device, then evolved into a practice tool, later became a therapeutic method, and then became a separate entity from therapy.     

有效利用人力资源应对门诊护理人员不足的探讨

目的从工作实践中总结管理体会，有效应对当前形势下门诊护理人员缺编现象。方法统计我院门诊9个岗位三年内完成的工作量、人均接待的门诊量、岗位设置及对应人数的配置、护理人员各种休假总天数、人均各种休假天数，做自身比对。结果人员配备增长速度缓慢于工作量增长速度，人力资源不足时，有向护理人员的休假做透支性“借贷”倾向。结论护理人员缺编，会给医院顺利完成日常工作、确保医疗安全带来负面影响，护士长要有灵活多变的管理思路，弹性利用人力，巧妙应对门诊护理人员不足。     

Respiratory Health in Latin America: Number of Specialists and Human Resources Training

Latin America is made up of a number of developing countries. Demographic changes are occurring in close to 600 million inhabitants, in whom a significant growth in population is combined with the progressive ageing of the population. This part of the world poses great challenges for general and respiratory health. Most of the countries have significant, or even greater, rates of chronic respiratory diseases or exposure to risk. Human resources in healthcare are not readily available, particularly in the area of respiratory disease specialists. Academic training centres are few and even non-existent in the majority of the countries.The detailed analysis of these conditions provides a basis for reflection on the main challenges and proposals for the management and training of better human resources in this specialist area.     

河南省社区卫生服务机构人力资源现状分析

目的了解社区卫生服务从业人员人力资源现状及存在的问题,为相关政策的制订提供科学依据。方法按照2011年GDP总量,将全省18个省辖市划分为A、B、C 3个级别;以参加慢病培训550名社区卫生服务从业人员为调查对象,进行问卷调查;分析经济水平不同地区从业人员年龄、学历、职称、培训、收入情况。结果河南省城市社区卫生服务人力资源以中青年医务人员为主,其学历偏低,大专、中专学历比例较大,尚有部分无学历人员。职称结构以初级或无职称为主,中高级卫生技术人员相对缺乏。从业人员参加培训机会较多,且以省级以上培训为主。从业人员月收入较低,多处于1 000～2 000元之间。建议完善相关政策,加快人才引进;加快全科医师制度建设,提高社区医生技术水平;绩效与分配挂钩,提高从业人员收入。结论河南省城市社区卫生服务团队以中青年医务人员为主,其学历、职称结构欠合理,收入较低;应从政策层面采取相应措施。     

天津市养老机构护理人力配置及专业培训现况调查

目的全面了解天津市养老机构护理人力资源配置以及照护人员的培训现况,为确立老年护理人才培养机制、制定老年护理专业培训教材以及构建养老机构护理管理体系提供指导。方法采用自行设计的养老机构调查表对天津市内六区共51家养老机构进行实地走访调研。同时,利用照护人员调查问卷对上述机构调研当天在岗的共计252名照护人员进行了调查。结果51家养老机构现有照护人员总数为571人,其中护士21人;总床位数6 011张,入住老人总数3 539人,老人与照护人员的比例为1∶0.16;所调查的252名照护人员,其平均年龄为(52.13±6.42)岁,多为女性,占72.6%;学历层次相对较低,初中及以下学历占92.5%;聘用方式以临时聘任为主,占59.5%;资格证持有率为46%;工作年限3年以上者占23%;接受过不同形式培训的照护人员占70.6%,培训时间在3个月以下者占62.3%,主要培训内容为清洁卫生、饮食照料、排泄操作、安全操作以及养老机构护理员工作须知五大方面内容。结论天津市养老机构护理人力配置不足,照护人员严重缺乏;现有照护人员整体年龄偏大,文化水平较低;护理培训内现状不理想,养老机构的人力资源配置、管理以及人员培训需进一步改进、完善。     

An Integrated Model for Patient Care and Clinical Trials (IMPACT) to support clinical research visit scheduling workflow for future learning health systems

We describe a clinical research visit scheduling system that can potentially coordinate clinical research visits with patient care visits and increase efficiency at clinical sites where clinical and research activities occur simultaneously. Participatory Design methods were applied to support requirements engineering and to create this software called Integrated Model for Patient Care and Clinical Trials (IMPACT). Using a multi-user constraint satisfaction and resource optimization algorithm, IMPACT automatically synthesizes temporal availability of various research resources and recommends the optimal dates and times for pending research visits. We conducted scenario-based evaluations with 10 clinical research coordinators (CRCs) from diverse clinical research settings to assess the usefulness, feasibility, and user acceptance of IMPACT. We obtained qualitative feedback using semi-structured interviews with the CRCs. Most CRCs acknowledged the usefulness of IMPACT features. Support for collaboration within research teams and interoperability with electronic health records and clinical trial management systems were highly requested features. Overall, IMPACT received satisfactory user acceptance and proves to be potentially useful for a variety of clinical research settings. Our future work includes comparing the effectiveness of IMPACT with that of existing scheduling solutions on the market and conducting field tests to formally assess user adoption.