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Respiratory Health in Latin America: Number of Specialists and Human Resources Training
Institution:1. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER), Mexico City, Mexico;2. Servicio de Neumonología, Hospital Universitario de Caracas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela;1. Infectious Diseases Section, Pablo Tobón Uribe Hospital, Medellín, Colombia;2. Pulmonology Unit, León XIII Clinic of Antioquia University, Medellín, Colombia;3. Epidemiology Group, National School of Public Health, Antioquia University, Medellín, Colombia;4. Internal Medicine and Pulmonology, Antioquia University, Medellín, Colombia;5. Cardiovascular Clinic, Medellín, Colombia;6. Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Bolivariana University, Medellín, Colombia;7. Research Group in Respiratory and Infectious Diseases (GIERI), Medellín, Colombia;1. Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece;2. Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;3. Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA;4. Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany;5. Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia;6. Department of Microbiology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan;7. Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea;8. Research Department, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases “Dr. Fran Mihaljevic”, Zagreb, Croatia;9. Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology and Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium;10. National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China;11. State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, Russia;12. Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA;13. United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
Abstract:Latin America is made up of a number of developing countries. Demographic changes are occurring in close to 600 million inhabitants, in whom a significant growth in population is combined with the progressive ageing of the population. This part of the world poses great challenges for general and respiratory health. Most of the countries have significant, or even greater, rates of chronic respiratory diseases or exposure to risk. Human resources in healthcare are not readily available, particularly in the area of respiratory disease specialists. Academic training centres are few and even non-existent in the majority of the countries.The detailed analysis of these conditions provides a basis for reflection on the main challenges and proposals for the management and training of better human resources in this specialist area.
Keywords:Respiratory disease  Healthcare services  Medical employment  Human resources in healthcare  Medical education  Enfermedad respiratoria  Servicios de salud  Empleo médico  Recursos humanos de la salud  Educación médica
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