信息化建设在医院药学中的作用

随着医院信息化建设的不断完善,对药事管理、药品调配、临床药学等医院药学工作的开展日趋重要。通过运用医院信息系统和合理用药监测系统软件实现药品监管、处方质控、药学信息收集、指导患者合理用药等药学工作．改变传统的药学服务模式并使其逐步向临床药学转变,促进医院药学的发展。     

2012年医院感染现患率调查分析

目的了解医院感染现状,评估危险因素及抗生素使用情况,为制定感染控制措施提供依据。方法调查前2d,对所有参加调查人员进行培训。采用横断面调查方法,床旁调查与病历查看相结合,填写统一的个案调查表和床旁调查表,最后由感染管理科对调查数据进行统计分析。结果实查率为99．39％,医院感染现患率为6．44％,感染部位以下呼吸道为主,占60．87％;现患率最高的科室是呼吸内科,为23．68％;抗菌药物使用率为61．66％,病原学标本送检率为16．92％。结论医院应重点防控呼吸内科、神经内科患者呼吸道感染和泌尿道感染,合理使用抗生素,提高病原学标本送检率,遏制细菌耐药。     

Narrative review of anxiety and depression in patients with esophageal cancer: underappreciated and undertreated

Depression and anxiety are emotional disorders that commonly affect patients with esophageal cancer. As a result of its high morbidity, mortality, and complication rates, this population is at particularly high risk for developing or exacerbating affective disorders; even when compared to patients with other forms of cancer. Many of the medical conditions and social behaviors that predispose patients to this disease are also independently associated with affective disorders, and likely compound their effects. Unfortunately, in the existing literature, there is wide variability in study design and diagnostic criteria. There is no standard method of evaluation, many studies are limited to written surveys, and widespread mental health screening is not included as a part of routine care. As a result, the prevalence of these illnesses remains elusive. Additionally, psychiatric and psychosocial illness can affect compliance with surveillance and treatment, and gaps in knowledge may ultimately influence patient outcomes and survival. This review will discuss the existing literature on depression and anxiety in patients with esophageal cancer. It will highlight current methods of psychological evaluation, the prevalence of affective disorders in this population, and their effects on treatment, compliance, and outcomes. It will also discuss possible screening tools, treatments and interventions for these comorbid illnesses that may improve oncologic outcomes as well as quality of life.     

Characteristics and Inpatient Outcomes of Primary Biliary Cholangitis and Autoimmune Hepatitis Overlap Syndrome

Background and AimsPrimary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) are hepatobiliary diseases of presumed immune-mediated origin that have been shown to overlap. The aim of this retrospective trial was to use national data to examine the characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized with overlapping PBC and AIH (PBC/AIH).MethodsThe National Inpatient Sample was used to identify hospitalized adult patients with PBC, AIH, and PBC/AIH from 2010 to 2014 by International Classification of Diseases-Ninth Edition Revision codes; patients with hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection were excluded. Primary outcomes measures were in-hospital outcomes that included mortality, respiratory failure, septic shock, length of stay, and total hospital charges. Secondary outcomes were the clinical characteristics of PBC/AIH, including the comorbid extrahepatic autoimmune disease pattern and complications of cirrhosis.ResultsA total of 3,478 patients with PBC/AIH were included in the study. PBC/AIH was associated with higher rates of Sjögren’s syndrome (p<0.001; p<0.001), lower rates of Crohn’s disease (p<0.05; p<0.05), and higher rates of cirrhosis-related complications when compared to PBC or AIH alone. There were similar rates of mortality between the PBC/AIH, PBC, and AIH groups. The PBC/AIH group had higher rates of septic shock when compared to the PBC group (p<0.05) and AIH group (p<0.05) after adjusting for possible confounders.ConclusionsPBC/AIH is associated with a lower rate of Crohn’s disease, a higher rate of Sjögren’s syndrome, higher rates of cirrhosis-related complications, and significantly increased risk of septic shock compared to PBC and AIH individually.     

813名医院职工体检结果分析及干预措施

目的：了解医院职工的整体健康水平,为制订干预措施提供参考。方法选取2013年1~12月的813名医院职工体检资料作为研究对象,按异常指标分布、年龄、性别及工种进行汇总分析。结果指标异常检出率由高到低依次为高脂血症(47.85%)、乳腺增生症(18.06%)、慢性宫颈炎(17.89%)、肝功异常(15.74%)、心电图异常(14.88%)、体重超重或肥胖(11.93%)、胆囊息肉样变(10.33%)。不同工种间的心电图异常、肝功异常、体重超重或肥胖、慢性胆囊炎、高血压或血压偏高检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男性与女性、≥40岁与<40岁职工之间的体重超重或肥胖、肝功异常、胆囊息肉样病变、慢性胆囊炎、高血压或血压偏高检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论医院职工的健康状况不容乐观,应积极采取干预措施,提高职工的整体健康水平。     

医院获得性铜绿假单胞菌肺炎危险因素分析

目的分析医院获得性铜绿假单胞菌肺炎的危险因素,指导初始经验性抗菌治疗。 方法选择空军军医大学第二附属医院2019年1月至2019年6月的所有医院获得性革兰阴性杆菌肺炎(GNB-HAP)患者374例,根据细菌培养结果分为医院获得性铜绿假单胞菌肺炎组(PA-HAP)81例,医院获得性非铜绿假单胞菌肺炎组(non-PA-HAP)293例,在获得呼吸道合格标本当天对变量进行评估,将单因素分析P<0.05的自变量纳入多因素Logistic回归分析,找到因变量的危险因素。 结果在单因素分析中,与PA-HAP相关的潜在危险因素包括呼吸道标本收集日期距离住院日的天数、未入住ICU、未接受脑科手术、无颅腔引流管、无昏迷、无误吸风险、无脑梗塞、无脑出血、胸科手术、留置胸腔引流管、布地奈德吸入、肿瘤、脾切除术。多因素Logistic回归分析确定PA-HAP的独立危险因素：胸科手术[adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.462, 95%CI 1.237~4.900]、无昏迷(2.516, 1.368~4.627)、布地奈德吸入(1.883, 1.049~3.393)、脾切除术(5.039 , 1.051~24.154)。 结论住院期间伴有胸科手术、吸入布地奈德、脾切除术而无昏迷的GNB-HAP患者应警惕铜绿假单胞菌感染。     

院内多重耐药大肠埃希菌肺炎的耐药现状及影像学特征分析

目的分析院内多重耐药大肠埃希菌(MDR-ECO)肺炎的耐药现状及影像学特征,并探讨发生MDR-ECO感染的危险因素。方法选择2018-07-01~2020-06-30潍坊市人民医院经呼吸道或者血标本分离检测确认的大肠埃希菌所致院内获得性肺炎(HAP)患者178例的病历资料,根据致病菌是否为多重耐药菌将其分为MDR-ECO组(153例)和非MDR-ECO组(25例)。分析其耐药情况及影像学特征,采用多因素logistic回归分析模型探讨发生MDR-ECO感染的危险因素。结果在178例标本中共检出MDR-ECO标本153株(85.96%)。药敏试验结果显示,MDR-ECO对头孢唑林、头孢呋辛及青霉素类耐药率达95%以上,对庆大霉素、氨曲南及环丙沙星耐药率均高达50%以上,对三代头孢菌素头孢他定、头孢噻肟的耐药率分别为46.41%和83.01%,对四代头孢菌素头孢吡肟的耐药率为30.07%。MDR-ECO对厄他培南耐药率最低,为0.65%。与非MDR-ECO组比较,MDR-ECO组病变多累及双侧肺部,有斑片渗出、实变、间质改变、空洞的比例以及无结节的比例较高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,合并基础疾病、入住ICU是发生MDR-ECO感染的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论MDR-ECO所致HAP的耐药现状严峻,临床医师应根据危险因素及影像学特点,合理使用抗生素,减少耐药菌产生。     

Back Muscle Function in Older Women With Age-Related Hyperkyphosis: A Comparative Study

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to compare static maximal back extensor muscle force, endurance, and characteristics of flexion relaxation phenomenon (FRP) in older women with and without age-related hyperkyphosis.MethodsMaximum back extensor force and endurance measured in a sitting position with a designed load cell setup; appearance, onset, and offset angles of FRP; and extension relaxation ratio (ERR) during a dynamic flexion-extension task were compared between 24 older women with hyperkyphosis (thoracic kyphosis angle ≥50°), mean age 65 ± 4.4 years, and 24 older women without hyperkyphosis (thoracic kyphosis angle ?50°), mean age 63 ± 4.3 years. Variables of force, endurance, angles of FRP, and ERR were analyzed using an independent sample t test. A χ² test was used to identify differences between groups in FRP appearance.ResultsStatic back extensor force and endurance were significantly lower among those with versus those without hyperkyphosis (P ? .001). Although the 2 groups did not differ in FRP appearance and ERR in the superficial erector spinal muscles (P ? .05), FRP in the hyperkyphosis group started sooner and ended later than in the group without hyperkyphosis (P ? .05).ConclusionOur study indicates that women with age-related hyperkyphosis had decreased static maximal force and endurance of the back extensor muscles and prolonged myoelectrical silence of the superficial erector spinal muscles. Reduced endurance of the superficial erector spinal muscles may trigger early onset of FRP and prolonged relaxation of these muscles.