一起戊型肝炎暴发的血清抗体比较研究

目的评价戊型肝炎(戊肝)抗体E2-IgM(抗-HEV E2-IgM)酶联免疫试剂(捕获法)在反映戊肝流行特征和对戊肝早期诊断中的作用.方法在首发病例26 d后对某单位戊肝暴发人群和相邻单位对照人群进行血清抗-HEV E2-IgM、IgG检测;部分人群进行美国Genelabs抗-HEV IgM、IgG的平行检测.结果抗-HEV E2-IgM试剂捕获法在对照人群中仅检出1例阳性(0.11%),且阳性和阴性之间可明显区分,其特异度为99.89%;在暴发流行人群中检出145例阳性(8.66%),显著高于对照人群(P＜0.001);暴发人群中戊肝患者的血清学动态变化为抗-HEV E2-IgM在暴露时间为30～60d时保持较高吸光度(A值),随着时间的延长A值呈明显下降趋势;抗-HEV E2-IgM阳性在该组人群中与性别和年龄无关;在暴发人群抗-HEV E2-IgM(+)的115例患者中,Genelabs抗-HEV IgG检测出88份阳性,检出率为76.52%,漏检27例,漏检率为23.48%.对照人群随机抽样179例患者中有20例Genelabs抗-HEVI IgG(+),阳性率为11.17%.在110份抗-HEV E2-IgM(+)的血样中,Genelabs抗-HEVIgM只检测出76份,检出率为69.09%;有16例患者Genelabs抗-HEV IgG、IgM均未能检出;Genelabs抗-HEV IgG和IgM的不一致率为25.45%.结论抗-HEV E2-IgM具有99%左右的特异度,与在正常人群中检出较高阳性率的Genelabs抗-HEV IgG试剂相比,减少了假阳性;抗-HEV E2-IgM与Genelabs抗-HEV IgM、IgG相比,对急性戊肝感染诊断的灵敏度提高了25%～30%,减少了漏诊;抗-HEV E2-IgM试剂盒操作简单、快速,本底较好,不存在酶结合物不足的问题.     

High responsiveness of HLA-B57-restricted Gag-specific CD8+ T cells in vitro may contribute to the protective effect of HLA-B57 in HIV-infection

HLA-B57 has been shown to be associated with long-term asymptomatic HIV-1 infection. To investigate the biological mechanism by which the HLA-B57 allele could protect from HIV-1 disease, we studied both the number of CD8(+) T cells as well as CD8(+) T cell responsiveness directed to different HIV-1 Gag peptides presented by HLA-A2, -B8 or -B57. T cells specific for the HLA-B57 peptide KAFSPEVIPMF responded more readily and to a higher extend to antigenic stimulation in vitro than T cells specific for the HLA-A2 peptide SLYNTVATL or the HLA-B8 peptide EIYKRWII. This phenomenon was reproducible with T cells from individuals expressing HLA-B57 in combination with one or both of the other alleles and was persistent during long-term follow-up. Lower reactivity of A2- and B8-restricted T cells was not explained by mutations in the B8- or A2-restricted Gag-peptides. Moreover, no correlation between peptide mutation frequency and IFN-gamma production by the corresponding Gag-specific T cells was observed. In conclusion, functional differences were observed between T cells specific for HIV epitopes derived from the same protein presented by different HLA molecules. B57-restricted KAFSPEVIPMF-specific CD8(+) T cells have relatively high responsiveness, which could contribute to the protective effect of HLA-B57 in HIV infection.     

Enhancement of NF-kappaB activity by resveratrol in cytokine-exposed mesangial cells

Resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic phytoalexin, has been considered as a potential anti-inflammatory agent because of its suppressive effect on nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). However, we recently found that treatment of glomerular mesangial cells with resveratrol significantly and dose-dependently enhanced NF-kappaB activation triggered by proinflammatory cytokines. This finding was evidenced by different reporter assays as well as by expression of an endogenous NF-kappaB-dependent gene, intercellular adhesion molecule-1. The NF-kappaB promoting effect of resveratrol was also observed in renal tubular LLCPK1 cells, but not in HepG2 hepatoma cells. In all cell types tested, treatment with resveratrol alone did not affect NF-kappaB activity. The enhanced activation of NF-kappaB by resveratrol progressed for at least 24 h and was accompanied by sustained down-regulation of an endogenous NF-kappaB inhibitor, IkappaBbeta, but not IkappaBalpha. Although expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase was suppressed by resveratrol, nitric oxide, a negative regulator of NF-kappaB, was not involved in the regulation of NF-kappaB by resveratrol. These data elucidated, for the first time, that resveratrol may enhance activation of NF-kappaB under certain circumstances.     

脂质体转染细胞周期素B1反义脱氧寡核苷酸对HL60细胞增殖调控的影响

目的:探讨脂质体转染细胞周期素B1(cyclinB1)反义脱氧寡核苷酸(ASON)对HL60细胞增殖调控的作用。方法:用针对cyclinB1mRNA5’端编码区起始密码子(ATG/AUG)的ASON,通过脂质体导入HL60细胞共培养后,用流式细胞术(FCM)和RT-PCR分别检测cyclinB1蛋白和mRNA的表达水平,电镜和原位细胞凋亡检测法(POD)、FCM及DNA凝胶电泳法检测细胞凋亡。结果:CyclinB1ASON组与SON及空白对照组相比,ASON能特异地抑制cyclinB1蛋白及mRNA水平的表达,当ASON的浓度达到一定程度时,HL60细胞的增殖及集落形成率均明显受抑制,出现细胞凋亡,并且此作用随ASON浓度的升高而增强。结论:CyclinB1的特异ASON能封闭其蛋白及mRNA的表达水平,可剂量依赖性地抑制白血病细胞增殖,诱导细胞凋亡。     

An increased frequency of autoantibody-inducing CD4+ T cells in pre-diseased lupus-prone mice

Pathogenic autoantibody production in murine models of lupus is dependent on autoreactive CD4+ helper T cells. However, the mechanisms which permit the selection and maintenance of this autoantibody-inducing CD4+ T-cell repertoire are currently unknown. We hypothesized that the peripheral CD4+ T-cell repertoire of lupus-prone mice was enriched with autoantibody-inducing specificities. To test this, we utilized the splenic focus assay to determine if pre-diseased lupus-prone (NZB x NZW)F(1) mice have an elevated frequency of autoreactive CD4+ T lymphocytes capable of supporting autoantibody production. The splenic focus limiting dilution assay permits anti-nuclear antibodies to be generated from contact-dependent T-B interactions in vitro. We show that young, pre-diseased lupus-prone mice have an elevated frequency of autoantibody-inducing CD4+ T cells. Interestingly, these autoantibody-inducing CD4+ T-cell responses are also present in the thymus. Therefore, an elevated frequency of autoantibody-inducing CD4+ T cells predisposes lupus-prone mice to the development of autoantibodies.     

The RNA helicase, nucleotide 5'-triphosphatase, and RNA 5'-triphosphatase activities of Dengue virus protein NS3 are Mg2+-dependent and require a functional Walker B motif in the helicase catalytic core

The nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) of Dengue virus (DV) is a multifunctional enzyme carrying activities involved in viral RNA replication and capping: helicase, nucleoside 5'-triphosphatase (NTPase), and RNA 5'-triphosphatase (RTPase). Here, a 54-kDa C-terminal domain of NS3 (DeltaNS3) bearing all three activities was expressed as a recombinant protein. Structure-based sequence analysis in comparison with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) helicase indicates the presence of a HCV-helicase-like catalytic core domain in the N-terminal part of DeltaNS3, whereas the C-terminal part seems to be different. In this report, we show that the RTPase activity of DeltaNS3 is Mg2+-dependent as are both helicase and NTPase activities. Mutational analysis shows that the RTPase activity requires an intact NTPase/helicase Walker B motif in the helicase core, consistent with the fact that such motifs are involved in the coordination of Mg2+. The R513A substitution in the C-terminal domain of DeltaNS3 abrogates helicase activity and strongly diminishes RTPase activity, indicating that both activities are functionally coupled. DV RTPase seems to belong to a new class of Mg2+-dependent RTPases, which use the active center of the helicase/NTPase catalytic core in conjunction with elements in the C-terminal domain.     

SARS病毒S蛋白受体结合区DNA疫苗及免疫效果研究

目的 研究SARS冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)靶细胞受体结合区所构建之DNA疫苗的免疫效果,为进一步的SARS-CoV免疫机理研究及疫苗研制奠定基础.方法 选取SARS-CoV S基因包含靶细胞受体结合区和S1亚单位C端2个基因片段作为目的基因,构建真核表达质粒pVAX-RBD(receptor binding domain)、pVAX-S1C作为DNA疫苗免疫BALB/c小鼠,检测其特异性体液免疫及细胞免疫情况.结果 体液免疫方面,以SARS全病毒裂解产物和原核表达的RBD蛋白作为诊断抗原,用ELISA均可检测到高滴度的小鼠血清抗体IgG的产生.而且,血清中和试验显示pVAX-RBD质粒激发了小鼠保护性中和抗体的产生.通过流式细胞分析和酶联免疫斑点实验(ELISPOT)检测,pVAX-RBD和pVAX-S1C两组质粒均诱导免疫小鼠产生了特异性细胞免疫反应.结论 证明SARS-CoV S蛋白受体结合区上中和表位的存在;体液免疫在抗SARS-CoV感染方面起到重要作用.     

pGenesil-siHBV X 对 HepG2.2.15 细胞 HBV 表达和复制的抑制效果研究

 目的 研究针对HBV X基因区设计的小干扰RNA（siRNA）表达载体质粒pGenesil-siHBV X 对HepG2.2.15细胞HBV表达和复制的抑制效果及特异性。方法 针对HBV X区设计siRNA表达载体质粒pGenesil- siHBV X。分别用培养液（空白对照）、脂质体Metafectene、pGenesil 空载体、pGenesil-siHK（阴性对照）、pGenesil-siAFP（特异性对照）、pGenesil-siHBV X处理或转染HepG2.2.15细胞各3次。于每次转染后24 h，取各组细胞培养上清液，用时间分辨荧光免疫测定技术检测上清液中HBsAg和HBeAg含量，用化学发光法检测AFP含量，用PCR荧光定量技术检测HBV-DNA复制水平。 结果 pGenesil-siHBV X转染能抑制HepG2.2.15细胞对HBV标志物的表达，且抑制作用随转染次数增加而增强。第3次转染后，pGenesil-siHBV X组细胞上清液中 HBsAg、 HBeAg和HBV-DNA检测结果分别为（6.26 ± 1.07）ng/ml 、（0.13 ± 0.05）Ncu/ml和（3.01 ± 0.40）×107拷贝/ml，与空白对照组的（22.50 ± 1.39）ng/ml、（1.12 ± 0.11）Ncu/ml和（12.33 ± 1.28）×107拷贝/ml比较，差异有统计学意义（t值分别为12.80、12.21、9.71，P < 0.05）；pGenesil-siHBV X 转染不影响细胞对AFP的表达（t = 0.18，P = 0.86）。结论 pGenesil-siHBV X可以有效和特异地抑制HepG 2.2. 15细胞HBV-DNA的复制及HBsAg和HBeAg表达。     

登革病毒Ⅱ型E基因片段在大肠杆菌中的表达及免疫原性分析

目的分析登革病毒Ⅱ型（DEN2）重组包膜蛋白的免疫原性，为登革Ⅱ型亚单位疫苗的研制奠定基础。方法扩增DEN2E基因片段（254—395AA），与表达载体pET-30a连接，构建重组表达载体，在大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中表达重组蛋白。重组蛋白经高效液相色谱（HPLC）柱纯化后，进行阻断DEN2感染C6／36细胞试验，同时用重组蛋白免疫小鼠，采用中和实验法测定血清中和抗体效价。结果该基因片段在大肠杆菌中高效表达重组蛋白，重组蛋白可被抗DEN2多克隆抗体识别，纯化后的重组蛋白能有效地抑制DEN2感染C6／36细胞，经重组蛋白免疫的小鼠可产生中和抗体。结论表达的DEN2重组包膜蛋白具有良好的免疫原性，能诱导中和抗体的产生。     

Partial restoration of B cell development in Jak-3(-/-) mice achieved by co-expression of IgH and E(mu)-myc transgenes

Jak-3 is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that plays an important role in coordinating signals received through a wide range of cytokine receptors, including the IL-7 receptor (IL-7R). Jak-3-deficient mice have a profound block in B cell development at the pro-to-pre-B cell transition and have very few peripheral B cells. This block has been postulated to reflect the inability of Jak-3(-/-) pro-B cells to respond to IL-7. Here we demonstrate that B cell development can be partially restored in Jak-3-deficient mice when they are bred to mice carrying both a rearranged Ig heavy chain (IgH/Igmu) transgene and a c-myc transgene expressed in the B cell lineage. Jak-3(-/-) mice expressing both of these transgenes exhibit significant increases in the number of B cells in the bone marrow and, to a lesser extent, in the spleen. However, very few rescued B cells were detectable in mice greater than 4 months of age. To determine whether resident hyperactivated Jak-3(-/-) peripheral T cells are responsible for the elimination of the rescued B cells in older mice, we bred IgH transgenic (Igmu Tg)/myc Tg/Jak-3(-/-) mice to T cell-deficient (TCRalpha(-/-)) mice. Data from these experiments suggest that the paucity of B cells in older Jak-3(-/-) mice is largely attributable to the lack of Jak-3 in the B cells themselves. Thus, Jak-3 seems to play several important roles in B cells: during development, to enable cell division, Ig gene rearrangement and cell differentiation, and in mature cells, to promote B cell survival in the periphery.