老年患者甲状腺激素水平的观察分析

目的:观察65岁以上老年人甲状腺激素水平的变化规律以及年龄与甲状腺功能的关系.方法:用化学发光法对118例住院老年患者按年龄段分三组进行TT3、TT4、FT3、FT4、TSH检测,并与本院40例65岁以下住院患者作对照.结果:随着年龄增加,TT3、TT4、FT3、FT4、TSH逐渐下降.85岁以上老年组甲状腺激素水平明显低于对照组(P<0.05),老年患者各组间TT3对比差异也有显著性意义(P<0.05).结论:随着年龄增长,甲状腺激素水平逐渐下降.     

健康教育与孔源性视网膜脱离患者生活质量的关系

目的:研究健康教育与孔源性视网膜脱离(RRD)患者生活质量的关系。方法:随机将44例孔源性视网膜脱离患者分为A、B两组,A组22例患者按制定的健康教育方案进行护理;B组22例常规护理,不进行健康教育。对比跟踪观察两组患者两年生活质量情况。结果:A组22例患者中仅有1例视网膜再脱离发生,B组22例患者中有4例视网膜再脱离发生,A组患者生活质量明显高于B组。结论:健康教育与视网膜脱离患者生活质量有密切关系,应加强视网膜脱离患者健康教育,并对视网膜脱离高危人群予以高度重视。     

北京地区22家医院1998年～1999年老年人处方用药情况回顾分析

目的 :了解不同性别老年患者的用药需求、每日用药的剂量 ,以期为临床安全、有效、经济地应用药物来预防和控制疾病及提高老年人生活质量提供科学依据。方法 :采用北京市22家医院“处方分析课题组”1998年、1999年2年全年门诊处方数据库 ,对≥60岁不同性别老年患者就诊情况和用药现状进行调查研究。用Foxpro软件进行数据统计分析。结果 :老年男性患者就诊处方率为11 6 % ,老年女性患者为8 3 % ;老年男性患者每百例/次就诊应用针剂的比例为17 0 % ,老年女性为20 4 % ;不同性别老年患者用药主要以心血管、维生素类用药为主 ;不同性别老年患者日用药量均比WHO及药品说明书规定的低 ,老年男性患者比女性高 ;不同性别老年患者心血管疾病就诊率均高 ,有上升趋势 ;老年男性前列腺疾病、老年女性糖尿病应引起重视 ;不同性别老年患者用药与《国家基本药物目录》符合率高 (老年男性 :85 % ;老年女性 :87 5 % )。结论 :老年男性患者就诊处方率、日用药量比女性高 ,而每百例/次就诊应用针剂的比例比女性低     

中老年人骨质疏松症合并骨折的护理

目的：探讨中老年人骨质疏松症合并骨折的护理要点。方法：分析191倒骨质疏松症合并骨折的中老年住院患的主要症状、体征、骨折部位及合并慢性病的特点，护理着重皮肤护理、情志护理、饮食护理、指导功能锻炼以及预防坠积性肺炎。结果：随着年龄增长骨质疏松症引起的骨折患逐渐增加。尤女性患多于男性。结论：通过综合护理明显减少了中老年骨质疏松症患并发症的发生，缩短了骨折愈合期。     

智能型聋哑人语言训练机的研制

智能型聋哑人语言训练机采用５１系列单片机对语音处理器ＳＲ３６０进行控制，通过对一组短语的录音、随机放音、语音图对比、正误判断以及得分等功能实现一种新的语言训练方法。     

癔症患者的家庭亲密度与适应性及归因分析

目的 了解癔症患者的家庭特征及其心理机制。方法 对24例癔症患者的家庭亲密度与适应性及归因，信赖度进行调查。结果 癔症的家庭亲密度得分偏高，高于常模，适应性得分明显低于常模，对他人的信赖度也较高，但二者相关无显著性，归因较多集中于自我及配偶，结论 癔症患者的家庭特征为一端是缠结、高亲密度，一端是僵硬，刻板，困惑与责他形成心理冲突。     

Attitudes of nursing staff working with older people towards nutritional nursing care

Aim. The aim of this study was to examine attitudes of the nursing staff in geriatric care towards factors of importance for nutritional nursing care. Background. Studies show that nutritional risk assessment is seldom performed on older patients as routine and very few patients have a nutritional care plan. Patients in long‐term care who are easy to feed are also found to be looked upon more positively than those with high feeding needs. Methods. A total of 252 registered nurses and nurse aids working at geriatric rehabilitation and medical care clinics and resident homes participated in the study. Attitudes were examined using the Staff Attitudes to Nutritional Nursing Care Geriatric scale. The scale includes 18 items and was designed as a one to five‐point Lickert‐type scale. It gives a total score and five subscales representing the dimensions ‘Norms’, ‘Habits’, ‘Assessment’, ‘Intervention’ and ‘Individualization’. A higher score indicates a more positive attitude. Results. Of all nursing staff, 53% displayed a positive attitude towards factors of importance for nutritional nursing care and the rest displayed a neutral or negative attitude. The ‘Intervention’ dimension, dealing with nutritional problems and how to manage them, reflected the highest level of positive attitudes, which represents 71% of the nursing staff. The ‘Norms’ dimension had the lowest relative frequency of positive attitudes, 27%. The registered nurses held significantly more positive attitudes than the nurse aids did. Conclusions. Nutritional issues comprise an important and time‐consuming responsibility in geriatric care; however, nursing staff do not show an unequivocal positive attitude regarding this responsibility. The consequences this entails for the older patient need to be examined further. Relevance to clinical practice. Nursing staff play an important role in caring for patients who are malnourished or at risk for malnutrition. Positive attitudes might hinder the development of undernourishment or the further worsening of an already undernourished patient's condition.     

Origins and genetic features of the Okhotsk people,revealed by ancient mitochondrial DNA analysis

In order to investigate the phylogenetic status of the Okhotsk people that were distributed in northern and eastern Hokkaido as well as southern Sakhalin during the fifth to the thirteenth centuries, DNA was carefully extracted from human bone and tooth remains excavated from archaeological sites. The hypervariable region 1 sequences of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region were successfully amplified and 16 mtDNA haplotypes were identified from 37 individuals of the Okhotsk people. Of the 16 haplotypes found, 6 were unique to the Okhotsk people, whereas the other 10 were shared by northeastern Asian people that are currently distributed around Sakhalin and downstream of the Amur River. The phylogenetic relationships inferred from mtDNA sequences showed that the Okhotsk people were more closely related to the Nivkhi and Ulchi people among populations of northeastern Asia. In addition, the Okhotsk people had a relatively closer genetic affinity with the Ainu people of Hokkaido, and were likely intermediates of gene flow from the northeastern Asian people to the Ainu people. These findings support the hypothesis that the Okhotsk culture joined the Satsumon culture (direct descendants of the Jomon people) resulting in the Ainu culture, as suggested by previous archaeological and anthropological studies.