Influence of age and human papillomavirus-infection on reliability of cervical cytopathology

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of age and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection associated cellular changes on the predictive value of cervical cytology. In a group of 671 women with Papanicolaou smears suggesting low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) or invasive cervical cancer, cervical cytology was correlated with the histological finding. Predictive values were calculated and related to severity of the lesion, age and HPV associated changes. The predictive values of Papanicolaou (cervical) smears suggesting LSIL, HSIL and invasive carcinoma were 40%, 86%, and 78%, respectively. A poor predictive value of smears suggesting LSIL was found among older women. HPV associated changes were diagnosed in 80% of women 25 years of age, 66% in the age group 26 to 35 years, 51% in the age group 36 to 45 years and 38% in women aged 46 years (P = 0.03). The presence of HPV associated cellular changes led to a significantly higher number of overdiagnoses (9% with HPV infection compared to 4% without HPV infection) and HPV negative cases were more frequently associated with underdiagnosis (15% without HPV infection compared to 8% with HPV infection,P = 0.0011). This result remained significant after adjustment for age (P = 0.004). Cellular changes associated with HPV infection most frequently occurred in young women. HPV infection should therefore be acknowledged as source of overdiagnosis in the cytological evaluation of SIL especially in woung women.Supported by the Research Grant of the Mayor of Vienna (no. 1045 [to Dr. Kainz])     

University Students'' Knowledge and Awareness of HPV

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of university students regarding the human papillomavirus (HPV). METHODS: A random sample of 500 university students was mailed a self-administered questionnaire that elicited their knowledge and awareness about HPV and compared their knowledge and attitudes with those of other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Among the 480 deliverable addresses, 289 students responded (response rate 60%). RESULTS: Only 37% of respondents had ever heard of HPV, and the median score on a 13-item knowledge scale was only 3. Of seven STDs assessed, respondents indicated they knew the least about HPV and perceived that this STD has received the least educational effort. In multivariate analyses, predictors of lower knowledge and awareness about HPV were male gender and sexual behavior (having multiple partners, not using condoms). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the high prevalence of HPV among young adults, most students knew very little about this infection. Implementing HPV educational programs and measuring their effectiveness should be a priority.     

外阴恶性肿瘤63例临床病理及与HPV感染相关性研究

外阴癌居女性生殖系恶性肿瘤第四位,多见于绝经后老年妇女,因位居体表,易于早期发现。但近年临床观察却发现不少年轻和大块癌灶的晚期患者,给治疗带来了一定的困难。为了解近年外阴恶性肿瘤发生发展特点及治疗方法对手术后患者恢复的影响,本研究回顾分析了１９８９年１０月至１９９７年１０月经我院手术治疗的外阴恶性肿瘤６３例,对其临床和病理资料及与ＨＰＶ感染的相关性进行了研究。１　资料及方法１．１　资料来源１９８９年１０月至１９９７年１０月在我科住院手术并经病理检查确诊的外阴恶性肿瘤６３例。临床分期参照ＦＩＧＯ和…     

应用组织芯片技术对外阴尖锐湿疣和鳞状细胞癌关系的研究

为探讨外阴尖锐湿疣和鳞状细胞癌之间的关系 ,使用组织芯片和免疫组织化学技术观察 2 2 7例外阴尖锐湿疣和 2 1例外阴鳞状细胞癌 HPV16/ 18、p5 3、PCNA的表达 ,并进行了分析。结果显示 ,HPV16/ 18阳性外阴尖锐湿疣 p5 3、PCNA的阳性指数、吸光度与 HPV16/ 18阴性者差异有显著性 ,与鳞状细胞癌也有显著差异 ;HPV16/ 18阳性外阴尖锐湿疣的 PCNA表达率与鳞状细胞癌无显著差异。     

人类乳头瘤病毒与宫颈癌关系的初步研究

目的：研究人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)16型和18型感染与宫颈癌的关系。方法：采用荧光探针PCR技术对62例患的宫颈管分泌物中HPV病原体分别进行检测，其中宫颈癌22例(包含CINⅢ级10例)；慢性宫颈炎20例；正常宫颈20例。结果：上述宫颈分泌物中的HPVl6、HPVl8总阳性率分别是59．1％、20．0％和0％，三差异具有显性，且CINⅢ级与宫颈癌I～Ⅲ期之间差异显。结论：HPVl6、HPVl8感染是宫颈癌致病的重要因素。HPVl6、HPVl8荧光探针PCR技术可以作为检测HPVl6、HPVl8感染及宫颈癌早期诊断标记之一。     

p53Mutations and Presence of HPV DNA Do Not Correlate with Radiosensitivity of Gynecological Cancer Cell Lines

Objective.The correlation betweenp53tumor suppressor gene mutations and the presence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA with thein vitroradiosensitivity of gynecological malignancies was studied in 26 cell lines derived from gynecological cancers of 23 patients.Methods.Comparison of the intrinsic radiosensitivity was performed with mean inactivation dose (D?) determined with the 96-well plate clonogenic assay.p53mutations were investigated with polymerase chain reaction and single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR–SSCP) analysis and direct DNA sequencing, and the presence of HPV DNA was studied with PCR using HPV consensus primers.Results. p53mutations were found in 6 of 10 vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) lines. Nine vulvar and 1 vaginal SCC cell lines were HPV DNA negative and 1 vulvar cell line was HPV 16 positive. All 4 cervical SCC lines were HPV positive and possessed the wild-typep53.Three cell lines expressed HPV 16 and 1 HPV 68. Among 10 endometrial cancer cell lines, 2 cell lines with mutantp53and 1 HPV 16 positive cell line were found. No correlation could be demonstrated between inactivation of thep53gene and radiosensitivityin vitro;the cell lines were evaluated as one group or according to their anatomical origin or histology.Conclusion.Our results indicate that inactivation of thep53gene through mutation or binding with HPV DNA does not increase the resistance of gynecological malignancies to ionizing radiationin vitro.     

Immune response to p53 and HPV-16 E6 proteins in patients with cervical cancer

Park JS, Kim CJ, Um SJ, Hwang ES, Kim HS, Park SN, Namkoong SE, Kim SJ. Immune response to p53 and HPV-16 E6 proteins in patients with cervical cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 1998; 8 : 328–335.
To investigate whether p53 autoantibodies could be found in the sera of patients with cervical cancers, we have therefore studied by radioimmunoprecipitation assay, using in vitro translated p53 protein, sera from such patients. The sero-positive patients for p53 were also evaluated in relation to immunoreactivity to p53 antigens by immunohistochemistry, for genomic alterations of p53 by PCR-SSCP, and for the presence of HPV-16/18 DNAs in the cervical cancer cells. In immunohistochemistry, expression of p53 protein was seen in 47% (14/30) of HPV-16 or -18 positive cervical cancers and 13 % (2/15) of HPV-16/18 negative cervical cancers ( P < 0.01). Eight out of 12 control ovarian cancers (67%) showed positive p53 staining in most tumor cells. Cases of cervical cancer and ovarian cancer, which were positively expressed p53 protein in the tissue or the sera, were studied for genomic alterations in exons 5–8 of the p53 by PCR-SSCP. Serum antibodies to in vitro translated p53 protein were found in two cases from 63 cervical cancers; one patient was stage IIA, having HPV-16 DNA in a tumor of squamous cell type, and another patient was stage IIIB, having HPV-16 and -18 DNAs in an adenocarcinoma. The cervical cancer tissues from the two sero-positive patients were also positive for p53 immunostaining. None of the cervical cancer samples showed aberrant bands, but three of eight cases of ovarian cancer which were positive for p53 protein by immunostaining were shown to have aberrant bands by PCR-SSCP. In contrast to ovarian cancers, alteration of p53 tumor suppressor gene and positive antibody response to p53 protein seem to be rare events in patients with cervical cancer.     

高危型人类乳头瘤病毒检测对不典型鳞状细胞分流监测的临床价值

目的评价高危型人类乳头瘤病毒（HPV）检测对不典型鳞状上皮细胞（atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance，ASCUS）分流临测的临床价值。方法对654例宫颈细胞学检查结果为ASCUS的患者。进行高危型HPV检测和阴道镜检查，镜下定位活检可疑病灶．以病理学诊断作为金标准。结果654例中，高危型HPV检测呈阳性的病例为411例，阳性率为62.8％。经病理学确诊宫颈上皮内瘤样病变（CIN）病例为58例，占总数的8．9%（58／654），其中CIN Ⅱ和CIN Ⅲ共计43例．占CIN的74．1％（43／58）；CINⅡ，CINⅢ的高危型HPV阳性率分别为80．8％及94．1％。ASCUS患者中以高危型HPV检测、直接选择阴道镜检查，检出CIN的敏感度分别为88.9％和65．5%；对诊断CINⅡ和CINⅢ。高危型HPV的敏感度为94．1％，阴道镜的敏感度为65．1％。结论ASCUS患者中高危型HPV的CINⅡ和CINⅢ检出有较高的敏感度，对ASCUS可有效地进行分流监测，患者可不必再做阴道镜检查和活检。     

年轻妇女宫颈癌与HPV感染的关系

目的探讨35岁以下年轻妇女宫颈癌的发生与人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)感染的关系。方法对1996年10月至2005年11月在我院就诊的96例宫颈癌患者的发病年龄进行分析,并对其肿瘤组织或宫颈分泌物进行HPV检测。结果35岁以下年轻妇女宫颈癌与同期宫颈癌的构成比从1996年的11%上升至2005年的42%。≤35岁宫颈癌患者的HPV阳性率为65%,较>35岁者明显升高,后者为32%。宫颈癌患者的平均发病年龄逐年减小,HPV感染率逐渐升高。结论35岁以下年轻妇女宫颈癌的发病率呈上升趋势,与HPV感染有相关性。故应加强对HPV感染高危人群的监测、随访,做好宫颈癌的早期诊断和治疗。