IgE-mediated anaphylactic reaction to purified and recombinant factor VIII in a patient with severe haemophilia A

We report a 51-year-old patient with severe haemophilia A developing a severe life-threatening anaphylactic reaction to recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII). Anaphylactic reactions are a rare but well-known side effect of FVIII products. The nature of these reactions could not be clarified as previous studies failed to demonstrate a specific IgE response. Here, we could prove a grade 3 anaphlyactic reaction as an IgE-mediated response to rFVIII for the first time by Western blotting.     

第2代(温控)射频消融子宫内膜切除术

目的探讨第2代（温度控制）射频消融子宫内膜切除术的疗效、安全性和可行性。方法2004年9月-2006年2月由上海市4家医院联合开展一项多中心、前瞻性研究,完成功能性子宫出血温控射频消融子宫内膜切除术81例。在超声监护下,射频治疗以温度控制模式输出功率50 W、温度设定85℃,按照两侧宫角、宫底、宫体、下段部位顺序射频消融子宫内膜。每个治疗点治疗时间为4 min。结果81例术后随访4-17个月。术后6个月随访70例,其中闭经48.6%（34/70）,点滴状月经41.4%（29/70）,少量月经10%（7/70）,总有效率为100%（70/70）。术后12个月随访67例,其中闭经56.7%（38/67）,点滴状月经29.9%（20/67例）,少量月经9.0%（6/67）,正常月经量3.0%（2/67）,月经量过多1.5%（1/67）,总有效率98.5%（66/67）。结论温控射频消融子宫内膜切除术不仅使患者的异常子宫出血在保留子宫的情况下得到有效的治疗,同时具有操作方便、治疗时间短、并发症少、术后恢复快等特点。     

上消化道出血相关因素分析及防护对策探讨

目的：分析上消化道出血相关因素，制定预防和护理对策。方法：对120例上消化道出血病人相关因素进行总结分析，提出对策。结果：本病相关因素最多的分别是发病原因系十二指肠溃疡和胃溃疡；有发病诱因，主要是饮食不当、饮酒、药物和劳累；中青年、农村和农民发生率各占72．5％、69．17％和57．50％；中度出血35．00％；出血发生24小时后就诊68．33％。结论：本病应从个人、家庭、社会和早期诊治四方面预防，并通过系统护理，促进疾病康复。     

Thyroid Artery Erosion by Esophageal Cancer: Management with Interventional Radiology

Management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding because of erosion of vessels by esophageal cancer may be challenging. We present herein the angiographic images of a 49-year-old patient who was admitted with massive bleeding from a tumor-eroded inferior thyroid artery. Attempts to control the bleeding by means of flexible endoscopy and insertion of a Sengstaken–Blakemore tube had failed. The diagnosis was impressively demonstrated by multislice computed tomography with intravenous contrast in the arterial phase and multiplanar reconstructions (computed tomography angiography) and by digital subtraction angiography. The bleeding was successfully treated with superselective catheterization and coiling of the eroded vessel.     

原发性肝癌破裂出血的临床分析(附76例报告)

目的探讨原发性肝癌破裂出血的诊疗。方法回顾性分析1990-2004年我院76例资料完整的原发性肝癌破裂出血患者的诊断和治疗。结果76例患者均有急性上腹部疼痛和急性腹膜炎表现，影像学检查和腹腔穿刺均阳性。76例中非手术治疗34例，占44．7％，12例死亡（占非手术治疗的35．3％）；手术治疗42例，占54．3％。6例死亡（占手术治疗的14．3％）。结论病史、影像学检查和腹腔穿刺在原发性肝癌破裂出血的诊断中起重要作用。治疗根据患者的具体情况而采取保守治疗或缝扎止血、手术肝切除、肝动脉结扎等手术治疗方法。     

213例绝经后子宫出血的宫腔镜检查与治疗

目的：评价宫腔镜对绝经后子宫出血的诊断价值。方法：对213例绝经后子宫出血患者进行宫腔镜检查。结果：有阳性发现者为171例，其中老年性子宫内膜炎68例，子宫内膜息肉38例，子宫粘膜下肌瘤21例，子宫内膜癌14例（经定位活检证实），宫内节育器（ICD）8例，宫颈管炎4例，宫颈管息肉18例，诊断阳性率80．3％。其中3例子宫内膜息肉和2例子宫粘膜下肌瘤行电视宫腔镜下电切术。结论：宫腔镜检查对绝经后子宫出血诊断阳性率高，与定位活检相结合可大大地提高宫腔内疾病诊断的准确性。而且宫腔镜下电切术具有操作简单、病人痛苦少、并发症少、术后恢复快的优点。     

An approach to haemorrhoids

OBJECTIVE: Many patients with haemorrhoids are investigated because of the fear of missing colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to determine whether a primarily clinical approach regarding the need for investigation was safe and did not miss patients with CRC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data was collected prospectively on 589 consecutive patients with the principle diagnosis of haemorrhoids at first clinic visit. All had clinical assessment including rigid sigmoidoscopy and were treated by phenol injection or banding. They were categorized for (1) no review unless symptoms persisted -'One Stop SOS' (2) outpatient review or (3) investigation. To check for the development of CRC they were contacted by postal questionnaire or telephone interview with a minimum of one year from diagnosis and treatment. All 589 patients were cross-referenced with the Pathology database and the Hospital Information Services System. RESULTS: Four hundred and sixty-nine (80%) answered the questionnaire; 352 patients (60% of the total group) fell in the 'one stop SOS' outpatient category; 95 (16%) patients were followed up to review response to treatment for large haemorrhoids; 105 (18%) were investigated with barium enema (12%), flexible sigmoidoscopy (4%), colonoscopy (1%) and miscellaneous (1%); 37 (6%) patients were either given a haemorrhoidectomy date or referred on with a different diagnosis. No patients selected for 'one-stop' treatment developed CRC. Five (0.8%) patients were diagnosed with CRC after appropriate investigation was instituted for suspicious symptoms. One patient with distal transverse colon cancer had a delayed diagnosis as she was investigated initially by flexible sigmoidoscopy. CONCLUSION: Most patients with the primary diagnosis of symptomatic haemorrhoids do not need investigation.     

无排卵性功能失调性子宫出血患者子宫内膜雌、孕激素受体及基质金属蛋白酶表达变化的研究

目的研究无排卵性功能失调性子宫出血(功血)患者子宫内膜雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、IV型胶原、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)及其抑制物-1(TIMP-1)的表达,探讨无排卵性功血的发病机制。方法采用免疫组化法检测20例正常增殖期子宫内膜(对照组)和66例无排卵性功血患者(病例组)子宫内膜腺上皮和基质细胞ER、PR、IV型胶原、MMP-9及TIMP-1表达。结果病例组子宫内膜腺上皮和基质ER、PR表达高于对照组(P<0.05),MMP-9水平明显增加(P<0.05),MMP-9/TIMP-1比值升高(P<0.01),IV型胶原含量明显下降(P<0.01)。相关分析显示,无排卵性功血患者子宫内膜MMP-9水平与ER、PR均呈正相关(r=0.605,P<0.05;r=0.697,P<0.05)。结论无排卵性功血患者子宫内膜出血原因可能与雌激素作用下ER、PR表达失调有关,且MMP-9水平异常升高,导致细胞外基质过度降解,临床表现为子宫不规则出血。     

ENDOSCOPIC MANAGEMENT OF A DIEULAFOY‐LIKE LESION IN A DUODENAL DIVERTICULUM

We present a 70‐year‐old man who had two episodes of melena during the preceding 8‐year period. He had a Dieulafoy‐like lesion in a diverticulum in the third portion of the duodenum. While emergency endoscopy revealed neither apparent blood nor clots around the diverticular orifice, there was a non‐bleeding vessel in the fundus of the diverticulum. The vessel ceased bleeding after argon plasma coagulation and, since then, the patient has not experienced bleeding. In cases of gastrointestinal bleeding of obscure origin, duodenal diverticulum should be considered as a possible source of bleeding, even when endoscopy discloses no apparent bleeding.