Prenatal lead exposure in relation to gestational age and birth weight: A review of epidemiologic studies

Although the adverse effect on pregnancy outcomes at high levels of lead exposure in the workplace has been recognized for years, there is uncertainty regarding the impact of exposure at the lower community exposure levels commonly encountered today. This review summarizes the epidemiologic literature and discusses pertinent methodologic issues and possible sources of interstudy variation. The authors conclude that prenatal lead exposure is unlikely to increase the risk of premature membrane rupture but does appear to increase the risk of preterm delivery. Whether prenatal lead exposure decreases gestational age in terms of infants is unclear. Prenatal lead exposure also appears to be associated with reduced birth weight, but results vary in relation to study design and degree of control for confounding. Adjustment for gestational age, a possible confounder of the birth weight-lead exposure association, did not yield clearer results.     

乌鲁木齐市工业区及阿勒泰地区儿童支气管哮喘的流行病学调查

选择乌鲁木齐市的几个工业区和阿勒泰地区进行了儿童哮喘的流行病学调查。初步摸清了两地区儿童哮喘的发病情况,患病率分别为0.94％和0.49％,为今后我区儿童哮喘的防治提供了基础数据。同时,我们还收集了近6年来乌鲁木齐市地区的气象资料,对气象因素与哮喘之间的关系作了初步分析。     

先天性耳前瘘管遗传特征的流行病学调查

用遗传流行病学调查对２４５例先天性耳前瘘管进行了系谱分析。揭示了该病的遗传特征为“常染色体显性遗传伴外显不全”，本调查还发现该病的另一特征，即患病体侧的家族一致性。     

贝那普利降压疗效与校正QT间期的关系

目的探讨原发性高血压患者心电图心率校正QT间期(QTc)和贝那普利降压疗效之间的关系.方法采用前瞻性队列研究方法调查安徽A县899名高血压病患者的基线心电图、治疗15 d前后的血压变化及相关临床和流行病学特点等情况.结果 QTc和血压下降呈负相关.QTc每增加0.1秒1/2,收缩压和舒张压的下降值分别减少3.6 mmHg和3.3 mmHg,且差异均有显著性(P＜0.05).将QTc三等分后,随着QTc等分的增加,收缩压和舒张压的下降值均逐渐减少,且差异具有显著性(P＜0.05);将QTc等分后的变量放入方程中进行趋势性分析,发现在收缩压和舒张压组中的负相关关系具有显著性(P＜0.05).随着QTc等级的增加,舒张压有效率逐渐降低,且有显著性差异(P＜0.05),收缩压的效应关系不如舒张压明显.结论 QTc和贝那普利降压疗效呈负相关,对贝那普利短期降压疗效具有重要的预测价值.     

合肥市部分人群SARS认知及行为态度

目的　了解合肥市部分人群对 SARS的认知情况及行为态度。方法　对合肥市两个社区及一所大学的部分人群共 1332人进行现况调查 ,比较不同性别、职业、文化程度对 SARS的总体认知水平。结果　合肥市人群对 SARS的认知情况尚好 ,总体平均得分 ( 15 .0 2± 1.98)分 (总分 18分 )。结论　合肥市居民对 SARS的认知水平总体较高 ,但存在群体差异 ,卫生行政部门应加强对公众的宣传教育 ,以提高全体居民的健康意识 ,进而预防 SARS的发生     

The epidemiology of Alzheimer disease in intellectual disability: results and recommendations from an international conference

Among adults with intellectual disability, virtually everyone with Down's syndrome (DS) over the age of 40 years has neuropathology currently viewed to be consistent with a diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD), while other adults with intellectual disability without DS display an increased prevalence of Alzheimer-type neuropathology after they reach the age of 65. This paper presents the results of discussions by an epidemiology workgroup, formed at an international conference convened to discuss AD among people with intellectual disability, concerning: (I) the incidence and prevalence of clinical dementia in adults with intellectual disability; (2) risk factors for the development of AD in adults with intellectual disability; and (3) a minimum data set that would be of great utility for future research on AD in adults with intellectual disability.     

Eighteen-month Coronal Caries Incidence in North Carolina Older Adults

In this longitudinal study of a random sample of North Carolinians over the age of 65 and living in their homes, 325 blacks and 280 whites were examined and interviewed 18 months after baseline examinations. Coronal caries incidence was greater among whites than blacks. The increment due to teeth becoming root fragments were similar for both races; however, there were more newly crowned teeth among whites. Newly crowned surfaces were not used as part of the caries increment in logistic regression models to investigate potential risk predictors. For blacks, caries development over the 18-month period was associated with a higher lactobacillus score and more coronal caries at baseline, more previously filled coronal surfaces, and lack of active membership in clubs or other groups. For whites, having no self-reported tooth sensitivity, having a lower socioeconomic index score, taking antihistamine medications at baseline, and having the perception of more problems after the age of 40 than before were all associated with the development of coronal caries.