Incidence of gestational trophoblastic disease in Stockholm County, 1975–1988

An epidemiological study with the aim of establishing the incidence of hydatidiform mole, persistent trophoblastic disease and choriocarcinoma in Stockholm County was performed. Based on the regional cancer registry and hospital registers, the incidence for 1975–1988 was calculated for the number of deliveries as well as the total number of pregnancies. Of the molar pregnancies, 6% were treated with chemotherapy because of invasive mole or choriocarcinoma. Non-molar choriocarcinoma occurred in 1/33,717 deliveries. Difficulties in assessing the incidence of gestational trophoblastic disease are discussed.     

Serum levels of interleukin-6 and tumour-necrosis-factor-alpha are not correlated to disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis after treatment with low-dose methotrexate

Abstract. Cytokines are major mediators of inflammatory responses in rheumatoid arthritis. Some of them have been shown to correlate with the disease activity and thus are proposed to be used for monitoring patients. Therefore the effects of a low-dose therapy with methotrexate on serum concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour-necrosis-factor-alpha (TNF-α) were examined in eight patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. Serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly elevated in patients compared to healthy controls. Before the onset of MTX treatment IL-6 concentrations were correlated to the c-reactive protein ( P < 0·05) but the correlation was abolished after treatment. For TNF-α no correlations neither before nor after treatment were observed. Both cytokines remained substantially elevated after MTX treatment despite a clear reduction in disease activity. Thus we suggest that one of the effects of MTX might be the inhibition of some of the actions of IL-6 and TNF-α.     

Clinical status and parasitic infection in a Wichi Aboriginal community in Salta,Argentina

In a study, carried out in 2000, of the clinical and parasitological status of a Wichi Aboriginal community living in the suburbs of Tartagal, northern Salta, Argentina, 154 individuals were screened for parasitic infections. Ninety-five faecal samples were also obtained from the same population. Ninety-three percent of the subjects were positive for 1 or more of the parasites investigated by direct test and 70.5% of them had parasitic superinfection. The most frequent helminths were Strongyloides stercoralis (50.5%) and hookworm (47.4%). We found low reinfection rates and a long reinfection period after treatment and provision of safe water and sanitation. Serum reactivity of these patients was analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect immunofluorescent assay and 22.1% of them had anti-Toxocara antibodies, 16.2% were positive for a complex antigen of Leishmania braziliensis, 29.9% were positive for a complex Trypanosoma cruzi antigen, and 17.5% were positive for a specific Trypanosoma cruzi antigen, Ag1 63136/cruzipain.     

帕金森病病因学与发病机制研究进展

帕金森病是以涉及基底神经核直接与间接通路功能紊乱为特征的锥体外系疾病，后期部分患者伴有黑质外非多巴胺(dopamine，DA)能神经元的损伤，常伴有痴呆表现，严重影响老年人的健康．由此，有关帕金森病病因学与发病机制的研究也成为当前神经科学界关注的热点，笔者就这方面的研究进展作一概述．     

冠心病人心房收缩时间间期测定及其意义

以心阻抗图法对52例冠心病人进行心房收缩时间间期(ASTI)的测量,并与100例同龄组正常人对比,结果表明:冠心病人心房射血前时间缩短(P<0.01),心房射血时间延长(P<0.01),二者比值下降(P<0.01)。ASTI 对于无创性评定冠心病人心室舒张期顺应性改变是一种简单有效的新方法。     

肝病患者血清中总胆汁酸测定的意义

采用全自动酶法分析法 ,测定 32 1例各种肝病患者血清总胆汁酸 (TBA)。结果表明 :血清总胆汁酸是一种较灵敏的肝功能指标。在各类肝病中 ,尤其是急性肝炎、肝硬化、肝癌患者的总胆汁酸 (TBA)浓度均明显高于正常对照组 (P<0 .0 1) ,并在肝功能常规指标改变不明显时对肝脏疾病的诊断有一定的价值     

Disposition of antipyrine in patients with extensive metastatic liver disease

Summary In the present study the effect of metastatic liver disease on hepatic drug metabolism has been examined by studying the pharmacokinetics of antipyrine and the urinary excretion of antipyrine and its three major metabolites (4-hydroxyantipyrine, norantipyrine, and 3-hydroxymethylantipyrine) in 12 patients with extensive metastatic liver disease, and in 12 matched healthy controls.In the patients total liver volume, the volume of the liver parenchyma, and the volume of the liver metastases were determined by computed tomography. The volume of liver metastases always exceeded 35% of the total liver volume.There were no significant differences between the patients and controls in plasma half-life, plasma clearance, or apparent volume of distribution of antipyrine.The cumulative urinary excretion of antipyrine and its three major metabolites was significantly lower in patients [44 (18)%] than in controls [71 (8)%]. The excretion of antipyrine itself was unchanged and the decrease in cumulative excretion was due to reduced excretion of the three metabolites.The results show that the activity of the hepatic mixed function oxidases was not impaired even in patients with extensive metastatic liver disease. This may be because liver metastases do not cause a corresponding reduction in the volume of normal hepatic parenchyma. The decreased urinary excretion of the three major metabolites of antipyrine, which are mainly glucuronidated, may have been due to an alteration in the process of conjugation.     

动物与临床胆道梗阻和胆道炎症时胆管组织PGI_2和TXB_2的变化

采用放射免疫法测定实验性胆道炎症兔胆系组织以及几种胆道疾患病人胆系组织中６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α与ＴＸＢ２的含量。结果显示：动物模型组与病人组的上述两指标均显著增高；ＡＯＳＣ病人的ＴＸＢ２增高更明显，而胆道梗阻病人胆管组织无此变化。提示前列腺素类及血栓素对胆道炎症的发生可能有关，ＴＸＢ２的负性作用尤为重要。     

彩色多普勒超声监测肝移植术后门静脉并发症

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声(CDI)监测肝移植术后门静脉并发症的应用价值。方法 对107例次原位肝移植患者于术前、术后应用CDI进行连续监测，监测指标包括门静脉主干内径、血流速度、血流量、血流频谱、侧支循环及腹水量等。结果 4例受者术后出现门静脉并发症：门静脉狭窄2例，门静脉狭窄并血栓形成1例，门静脉右支闭塞1例。2例门静脉主干血流量明显减少者接受经皮腔内血管成形术治疗后，门静脉高压缓解；而CDI提示门静脉血流量末见下降的2例患者，仅接受保守治疗，存活时间均超过1年。结论 彩色多普勒超声动态检查对肝移植术后门静脉并发症较为敏感，作为无创性检查手段可用于肝移植术后门静脉并发症的监测。     

直肠后矢状纵切及心形吻合治疗先天性巨结肠

目的 提高先天性巨结肠的手术疗效。方法 回顾1992年8月至2002年8月应用直肠后矢状纵切、心形吻合技术治疗诊断明确的先天性巨结肠患儿106例，分析疗效及并发症防治。结果 106例患儿术后全部随访2个月～10年，并发小肠结肠炎5例，偶有污粪2例，便秘复发3例，无盆腔、腹腔感染及吻合口狭窄发生。结论 应用直肠后矢状纵切、心形吻合技术治疗先天性巨结肠，可提高手术疗效，减少并发症。