妊娠期糖耐量受损与妊娠结局的关系

①目的　探讨妊娠期糖耐量受损 (GIGT)对妊娠结局的影响。②方法　以妊娠期GIGT孕妇 1 31例(GIGT组 ) ,妊娠期糖尿病 (GDM)孕妇 1 6 6例 (GDM组 ) ,糖耐量正常孕妇 1 6 0例 (正常对照组 )为研究对象 ,对孕妇及其围生儿结局进行对比研究。③结果　GIGT组及GDM组妊娠高血压综合征、巨大儿、羊水过多、胎膜早破、剖宫产及新生儿疾病发生情况均高于对照组 (χ2 =4 .0 2～ 81 .31 ,P <0 .0 5、0 .0 1 )。④结论　GIGT对妊娠可造成不同程度的危害 ,GIGT是影响孕妇及围生儿结局的重要因素。对妊娠期GIGT均应进行监测和处理     

食品添加剂KAl（SO4）2中Al的吸收,排泄,蓄积实验研究

目的：探讨我国主要含铝食品添加剂——硫酸铝钾中铝的吸收、排泄和贮留的基本情况。方法：１．采用６月龄日本雄性大耳兔８只进行３天的代谢平衡实验。２．选用２～３月龄２１只雄性兔进行３２周的蓄积实验。结果：代谢实验表明铝的表观吸收率平均在１０％左右，约９０％的口服铝在粪中排出。尿铝随摄入铝的增加而增加，但肾排铝能力不足吸收的１０％。兔的蓄积实验证明在３２周实验后实验兔随铝摄入的增加其主要脏器均有不同程度的铝蓄积。其蓄积量的顺序为：骨＞肝＞肾＞脑＞心（３．８９～１０５．４６ｍｇ／ｋｇ干重）；蓄积增长倍数为：肝＞脑＞肾＞骨＞心（１．５１～４．５８倍）。结论：１．食品添加剂硫酸铝钾中铝的表观吸收率平均在１０％左右。尿铝随摄入铝的增加而增加，但肾排铝量不足吸收的１０％。２．长期大量摄入含铝食品添加剂可导致机体铝蓄积，其中脑、骨、肝、肾蓄积较明显。     

Brainstem mediates diazepam enhancement of palatability and feeding: microinjections into fourth ventricle versus lateral ventricle

The hypothesis that benzodiazepine-induced hyperphagia is due to a specific enhancement of the palatability of foods has been supported by previous ‘taste reactivity’ studies of affective (hedonic and aversive) reactions to taste palatability. Diazepam and chlordiazepoxide enhance hedonic reactions of rats (rhythmic tongue protrusions, etc.) to sweet tastes in a receptor-specific fashion. A role for brainstem circuits has been indicated by a previous demonstration of the persistence of the taste reactivity enhancement by diazepam after midbrain decerebration. The present study examined whether benzodiazepine brainstem receptors are the chief substrates for palatability enhancement even in intact brains. We compared the effectiveness of benzodiazepine microinjections to elicit feeding and enhance hedonic reactions when delivered into either the lateral ventricle (forebrain) or the fourth ventricle (brainstem) of rats. The results show diazepam is reliably more effective at eliciting feeding and enhancing positive hedonic reactions to oral sucrose when microinjections are made in the fourth ventricle than in the lateral ventricle. We conclude that brainstem neural systems containing benzodiazepine-GABA receptors are likely to be the chief substrates for benzodiazepine-induced palatability enhancement.     

影响脐血IgE值因素的研究

目的　本研究对影响脐血IgE值的可疑因素进行分析 ,探讨影响儿童食物过敏的可疑因素。方法　选取孕期妇女 10 5名及其所生婴儿 ,采用标准问卷调查获取资料 ,对影响脐血IgE的因素进行分析。 结果　母亲的过敏性疾病史、父亲过敏性疾病史中的皮炎表现型、孕期妇女过敏性疾病发作史、有过敏史妇女孕后期摄入过量的牛奶和鸡蛋均与脐血IgE值的上升有关 ,且上述 5个因素对脐血IgE水平的影响依次降低。 结论　母亲的过敏性疾病史和父亲过敏性疾病史中的皮炎表现型是导致新生儿脐血IgE值升高的主要危险因素 ;同时 ,妊娠期加强对有过敏史妇女的保护 ,防止过敏性疾病的复发 ,在孕后期控制有过敏史妇女牛奶、鸡蛋等大分子食物致敏原的摄入 ,有助于降低脐血IgE值。     

Sleeping more as a way to lose weight

Caloric consumption in a society with readily available food is likely to be approximately proportional to the number of hours of being awake. Thus, replacing 1 h of inactive wakefulness (e.g. watching TV), with sleeping is likely to result in a substantial reduction in caloric intake. Calculations are presented to illustrate the possible benefits of such a switch on weight reduction.     

安顺市区沙门氏菌环境污染调查

在贵州省安顺市１９８５年水型伤寒爆发流行后，为调查该市环境中沙门氏菌污染情况，我站于１９８６～１９８８年对市区所属医院和贯城河污水及部分食物的沙门氏菌进行了监测，共采集污水及食品６１９份，沙门氏菌阳性率为４１．８４％，分属Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ、Ｅ１五个群１２个血清型，伤寒沙门氏菌经Ｖｉ噬菌体分型为Ｍ１型。纸片药敏试验为多重性耐药菌株。阐明了沙门氏菌流行的部分传播媒介途径。     

Effect of dietary fat content on the bioavailability of a sustained release quinidine gluconate tablet

Quinidine gluconate 324 mg sustained release tablets (Quinaglute) was administered as a single dose to 15 healthy male subjects following an overnight fast, immediately following a high fat (HF) breakfast or immediately following a low fat (LF) breakfast. Serum samples were obtained over a 48 h period and analyzed for quinidine content using a high performance liquid chromatographic assay. Under the conditions of the study, both the rate and extent of quinidine bioavailability was significantly affected by food. The extent of bioavailability was statistically significantly greater (p less than 0.05) following both the HF and LF meals as compared to that in the fasted state. Rate of bioavailability was significantly enhanced following the LF meal as compared to that of the other two treatment groups. Although peak concentrations were greater and time to peak concentrations somewhat later following the HF meal versus those under fasting conditions, these differences were not statistically significant. In addition, the characteristics of the serum concentration-time profile (as defined by the number, magnitude, and time of occurrence of the multiple absorption maxima) was unique for each of the three treatment groups. Possible mechanisms underlying these results are explored.     

Alcohol consumption and impaired glycoregulation results in a population of 6665 salaried employees

Alcohol consumption and glycosuria were found to be associated (p < 0.001) in a population of 6571 salaried employees who underwent a systematic examination. The prevalence of glycosuria was found to range from 1.3% among 2609 non-drinkers to 5% among 816 heavy drinkers (six glasses or more of alcoholic beverage daily). This association was still significant after adjustement for age, sex and body mass index. Similarly, a positive association was observed between fasting glycemia and alcoholic intake in a subgroup of 998 subjects when such a result was available (p < 0.05).     

大渔岛居民膳食结构及营养状况的调查与分析

对山东省荣成市石岛镇大渔岛村９１户３９８名散居渔民膳食结构及营养状况调查的结果表明：①蛋白质和热能人均摄入量占平均供给量的１１５．４％和１１２．２％，其它营养素除维生素Ｂ２占８３．３％以外均摄入较充足。蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物的热量构成比分别为１１．３％、２７．６％、６１．１％。②查体中未发现严重的营养缺乏症。③体重指数超过正常者占１３．２％。④体重指数与收缩压、舒张压经相关回归分析，呈显著相关。⑤大渔岛居民头发锌含量高于泰安农民，铜、铁含量低于泰安农民。     

Effects of food deprivation on cocaine base smoking in rhesus monkeys

Studies have shown that both food deprivation and response cost have important influences on the magnitude of self-administration of a wide variety of psychoactive drugs. In an attempt to extend these findings to the smoked route of drug self-administration, the effects of food allotment and fixed-ratio (FR) value were evaluated in four male rhesus monkeys trained to smoke cocaine base. In the first phase of the experiment, monkeys were trained to self-administer smoked cocaine base under a chained progressive-ratio (PR), fixed-ratio (FR) schedule during daily experimental sessions. Monkeys were required to make 20 lever-press responses and then five inhalations on a smoking spout to obtain the first smoke delivery. The lever ratio then increased to 60, 140, 300, 620, 1260, 2540, and 4940 for each successive smoke delivery. The initial lever ratio value was reset to 20 at the beginning of each daily session. The body weights of three monkeys were determined under free-feeding conditions. Monkeys were then restricted to 100 g food and, when body weights had stabilized, the daily food allotment was increased to 150 g, approximately 210 g, or greater than 400 g (satiation). As the daily food allotment and body weight increased, the mean number of smoke deliveries decreased in two of three monkeys. In the second phase of the experiment, three monkeys were maintained under either food-satiated or food-restricted conditions. Body weights were maintained at approximately 90% of their free-feeding weights under food-restricted conditions. The cost of the drug (lever FR value) was constant within each experimental session, but was increased after 3 consecutive days of stable responding. Fixed-ratio values were increased from 128 to 256, 512, 1024, and 2048. Monkeys were required to complete the lever FR value and then to make five inhalations on the smoking spout to gain access to 1.0 mg/kg per delivery cocaine base. The mean number of smoke deliveries increased at FR 256, 512, and 1024 when monkeys were food-restricted as opposed to food-satiated. Correspondingly, the mean number of responses increased under food-restricted conditions. Responding continued to increase over a wider range of FR values, and the peak number of responses was higher under food-restricted, as opposed to food-satiated conditions. These results, using the smoking route of administration, are consistent with the hypothesis that food deprivation increases the self-administration of reinforcing drugs.