Type 2 diabetes and risk of non-embolic ischaemic stroke in Japanese men and women

Aims/hypothesis The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between type 2 diabetes and risk of ischaemic stroke in Asian populations.Methods We conducted a 17-year prospective cohort study in 10,582 Japanese individuals (4287 men and 6295 women) aged 40–69 years living in five communities in Japan. All subjects were free of stroke and CHD at baseline. Diabetes was defined as a fasting glucose level of 7.0 mmol/l, a non-fasting glucose of 11.1 mmol/l, or receiving medication for diabetes.Results The risk of non-embolic ischaemic stroke was approximately two-fold higher in diabetic subjects than in subjects with normal glucose levels. The multivariate relative risk after adjustment for age, community, hypertensive status, BMI, triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness (TSF and SSF), and other known cardiovascular risk factors was 1.8 (95% CI 1.0–3.2) for men and 2.2 (1.2–4.0) for women. This excess risk was primarily observed among non-hypertensive subjects and individuals with higher values for measures of adiposity (BMI, TSF and SSF values above the median), particularly those with higher values for SSF. The association between non-embolic ischaemic stroke and glucose abnormality was particularly strong among non-hypertensive subjects with higher SSF values: the multivariate relative risk was 1.9 (1.0–3.7) for borderline diabetes and 4.9 (2.5–9.5) for diabetes.Conclusions/interpretation In this cohort, type 2 diabetes was a significant risk factor for non-embolic ischaemic stroke, particularly in non-hypertensive and non-lean individuals. Due to the nationwide decrease in blood pressure and increase in mean BMI among the Japanese population, with current levels approaching those observed in Western countries, the impact of glucose abnormalities on risk of ischaemic stroke represents a forthcoming public health issue in Japan.     

起搏治疗肥厚梗阻型心肌病的长期疗效观察

摘要 目的 评价起搏治疗对肥厚梗阻型心肌病(hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy，HOCM)左室流出道梗阻及临床症状的长期疗效。方法 25例HOMC患者接受起搏治疗，临床随访12个月，观察临床症状体征；采用超声心动图观察起搏前后室间隔厚度(IVS)、左室后壁(LVPW)、左室舒张末内径（LVDd）、左室收缩末内径（LVDs）、左房内径（LAD）、跨左室流出道压力阶差（LVOT）、及二尖瓣前向运动程度（SAM）、二尖瓣反流的变化。结果 25例患者中植入双腔生理性起搏器21例，占84%，单腔SSIR起搏4例，占16%。起搏治疗12个月后，临床症状明显改善，15例晕厥发作术后症状完全消失，劳力性呼吸困难、胸痛改善分别占82.6%和75.0%， LVOT显著下降，从术前89.7±23.8 mmHg 降至术后36.8±12.6 mmHg ，P<0.01，IVS、LAD、MVA减少，SAM运动明显改善，其他指标无显著变化。结论起搏治疗对HOCM长期临床效果满意。     

男性高血压患者发生糖代谢异常的危险因素

目的探讨正常葡萄糖耐量的男性高血压患者发生糖代谢异常的危险因素。方法对口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)正常的106例男性原发性高血压患者进行随访研究,随访前后测定OGTT、同步胰岛素释放试验(InRT)、血脂、血压、体重指数(BMI)及腰围,用HOMA-IR、胰岛素敏感性指数(ISI)及胰岛素代谢清除率(MCRi)计算胰岛素敏感性,用HOMA-β及胰岛素1相和2相分泌计算β细胞功能。结果(1)106例正常葡萄糖耐量(NGT)的男性原发性高血压患者,平均随访3年后,新发糖尿病6例(5.7%),进展为IGT的39例(36.8%),保持NGT的61例(57.5%);(2)随访后进展为IGT的患者与仍为NGT的患者相比较,前者随访前的腰围、BMI、空腹血糖、OGTT2h和3h血糖、OGTT2h胰岛素水平均显著增高(P<0.01),ISI及MCRi显著减低(P<0.01);(3)调整年龄、血压、血脂等因素后,多因素Lo-gistic回归显示腹型肥胖和OGTT2h血糖是男性EHT从NGT转为IGT的独立危险因素(OR值分别为6.81和2.13);(4)随访前有腹型肥胖的NGT高血压患者进展为IGT的比率明显高于无腹型肥胖者(60%vs19%,P<0.01)。比较随访前指标发现,腹型肥胖组的ISI和MCRi显著降低、糖负荷后胰岛β细胞分泌显著增强(P<0.01),随访前后比较,腹型肥胖组HOMA-IR和HOMA-β明显增高(P<0.01)。结论腹型肥胖和OGTT2h血糖是无糖代谢异常的男性原发性高血压患者发展为糖耐量异常的风险预测指标。胰岛素敏感性降低及胰岛β细胞功能增强与腹型肥胖的男性NGT高血压患者发生IGT有关。     

Relationship of ventricular ectopy in men without apparent heart disease to occurrence of ischemic heart disease and sudden death

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether ventricular ectopic beats, or ventricular premature beats (VPBs), on routine electrocardiograms in men without apparent heart disease predict the later occurrence of clinical manifestations of ischemic heart disease (IHD). The Manitoba Study cohort consisted of 3983 men predominantly between 25 and 34 years of age and free of IHD at entry. During the 29-year observation period, 401 persons without clinical evidence of heart disease had VPBs on an electrocardiogram at a routine examination. They were followed 10.8 ± 0.5 (SEM) years and 13.5% (54 men) later manifested IHD. Age-specific total IHD incidence was significantly (p < 0.05) greater for men 40 to 59 years of age at VPB occurrence compared to men of the same age without VPBs. The clinical manifestation with the strongest association with VPBs was sudden death. VPB characteristics of frequency, configuration, coupling interval, and postextrasystolic T-wave change did not distinguish those who developed IHD. Prematurity index ($\text{R-R′}\text{QT}$) showed a trend toward an association of late coupled ectopic beats ($\text{R-R′}\text{QT}\text{> 1.6}$) and IHD risk. However, faster basic ventricular rate plus VPBs significantly correlated with greater IHD probability. Thus ventricular ectopic beats on a routine electrocardiogram in men over 40 years of age without apparent heart disease identify those at high risk for a clinical IHD event, especially sudden death.     

Body-image dissatisfaction is strongly associated with chronic dysphoria

Background

Individual depressive symptoms may contribute to the risk of chronic depression. This study aimed to explore which symptoms predict chronic dysphoria, a hallmark of depression.

Methods

1057 participants from the population-based Young Finns study were examined for four times during a 16-year period. Those with a modified Beck’s Depression Inventory score in the upper third at all four screenings were considered to have chronic dysphoria (n=135). Participants with only one high depression score formed the reference group of transient dysphoria (n=179). Individual items of the Inventory were analyzed in terms of their association with dysphoria status and chronicity, controlling for potential confounding factors, such as personality assessed using the Temperament and Character Inventory.

Results

Body-image dissatisfaction was strongly associated with chronically elevated dysphoria (Bonferroni-corrected p=0.006). The degree of body-image dissatisfaction was associated with the probability for chronic dysphoria in a dose–response manner, with the estimated probability ranging from 0.01 to 0.60 as a function of item response. The association remained after adjustments for a wide range of personality characteristics.

Limitations

The study relied on self-reports of mood and personality, and lacked information on external opinion on participants appearances. The requirement of full time-series data may have resulted in attrition-related bias.

Conclusions

Body-image dissatisfaction was a strong predictor of chronic depression characterized by dysphoria. This finding suggests that dysfunctional attitude towards oneself might represent a potentially important target for cognitive therapies and preventive interventions.     

33911例新生儿听力联合耳聋基因筛查及随访结果的分析

目的通过分析新生儿听力联合耳聋基因筛查的结果,以及对阳性病例的随访和管理,提高遗传性耳聋的检出率。方法收集33911例新生儿听力联合耳聋基因筛查的结果,应用Sanger测序对听力未通过或基因筛查提示阳性的患儿进行验证。结果听力初筛通过率为93.32%,复筛为87.01%。耳聋基因筛查阳性率为4.18%。GJB2、SLC26A4、GJB3和12SrRNA基因变异的检出率分别为1.98%、1.58%、0.37%和0.25%。共检出126例迟发性耳聋,84例药物性耳聋,4例GJB2纯合/复合杂合变异,5例SLC26A4纯合/复合杂合变异。联合筛查发现GJB2、SLC26A4、GJB3和12SrRNA单杂合变异者听力初筛和复筛未通过的比例分别为6.75%和2.61%、3.3%和1.2%、0.72%和0.14%、0.36%和0%。纯合/单基因复合杂合变异、单基因杂合变异、多基因复合杂合以及GJB3纯合变异组听力筛查未通过率明显高于阴性组,差异具有统计学意义。结论基因检测是对新生儿听力筛查很好的补充。对阳性患儿的追踪管理能够有效提高耳聋的诊断率,但基因筛查不能等同于诊断,应综合分析基因检测、听力筛查和影像学的结果,Sanger/二代测序可作为重要的补充检查手段。     

子宫内膜异位症患者行随访性护理对其术后激素水平的影响

目的探究子宫内膜异位症患者行随访性护理干预对其术后激素水平的影响。方法择取2018年6月至2019年11月本院妇科收治的100例子宫内膜异位症手术患者,根据抽签法进行随机分组,其中对照组50例,观察组50例。对照组行常规护理,观察组行随访性护理,比较两组患者激素水平和总护理满意度。结果观察组患者激素水平低于对照组,经统计学比较组间差异有意义(P<0.05);观察组患者总护理满意度高于对照组,经统计学比较组间差异有意义(P<0.05)。结论随访性护理干预的应用可以降低子宫内膜异位症患者术后激素水平,有利于促进其康复,并提升对护理服务的满意度。     

A 13-year follow-up of Finnish patients with Salla disease

Background

Salla disease (SD) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder leading to severe intellectual disability. SD belongs to the Finnish disease heritage, and it is caused by mutations in the SLC17A5 gene. The aim of the study was to investigate the course of neurocognitive features of SD patients in a long-term follow-up.

Methods

Neuropsychological and neurological investigations were carried out on 24 SD patients, aged 16–65 years, 13 years after a similar examination.

Results

The survival analysis showed excess mortality among patients with SD after the age of 30 years. The course of the disease was progressive, but follow-up of SD patients revealed that motor skills improved till the age of 20 years, while mental abilities improved in most patients till 40 years of age. Verbal comprehension skills did not diminish during the follow-up, but productive speech deteriorated because of dyspraxia and dysarthria. Motor deficits were marked. Ataxia was prominent in childhood, but it was replaced by athetotic movements during the teens. Spasticity became more obvious with age especially in severely disabled SD patients.

Conclusions

Younger SD patients performed better in almost every task measuring mental abilities that then seem to remain fairly constant till early sixties. Thus, the results indicate better prognosis in cognitive skills than earlier assumed. There is an apparent decline in motor skills after the age of 20 years. The early neurocognitive development predicts the later course of motor and cognitive development.     

Time-average albumin predicts the long-term prognosis of IgA nephropathy patients achieved remission

Objective To clarify the long-term renal prognosis and related risk factors of progression for IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients who achieved remission under current therapy. To identify the target value of the serum albumin level for Chinese patients with IgAN. Methods The patients with biopsy-proven primary IgAN in Nephrology Department of Renji Hospital in Shanghai were studied．The survival of renal and the relationships between clinical parameters and renal outcome were assessed. Results A total of 369 patients between Jan 2005 and Dec 2010 were included with a median follow-up time of 49.0 (38.0-65.8) months. All the subjects had achieved a complete remission (CR) or partial remission (PR) following six months’ therapy after diagnosis. Progressive renal disease had occurred in 61 cases at the end of follow-up. Three variables had a significant independent effect on renal outcome in patients achieving remission under current therapy regimen for IgAN, including time-average serum creatinine (TA-Scr) [HR(95%CI): 1.03(1.01-1.04)], time-average serum albumin (TA-Alb) [HR(95%CI): 0.83 (0.69-0.99)], and eGFR ratio within one year [HR(95%CI): 0.00(0.00-0.01)]. By multivariate Cox analyses, each 1 g/L drop of TA-Alb was related with 17.2% increase in the risk of renal progression. The ROC curve indicated that combination of serum albumin at baseline and during a long-term had a more significant value in prediction of renal outcome than independent predictor alone. By Kaplan-Meier analyses, patients with TA-Alb﹤38 g/L had a 10.4 fold sincreased risk of progressive disease compared with that of TA-Alb﹥38 g/L. Conclusions IgAN patients with lower eGFR ratio, higher TA-Scr and lower TA-Alb would progress to ESRD more quickly, and serum albumin during follow-up is important for predicting IgAN progression.