Effect of Elimination of Acid Reflux on Epithelial Cell Proliferative Activity of Barrett Esophagus

Background: Barrett esophagus (BE) is a premalignant condition resulting from chronic acid gastroesophageal reflux and is associated with increased epithelial cell proliferation. Elimination of acid reflux might decrease cancer risk by affecting cell proliferation in BE. The effect of elimination of acid reflux on epithelial cell proliferation in BE was studied. Methods: Forty-five patients with long segment Barrett esophagus were treated in a randomized 2-year follow-up study with either omeprazole 40 mg b.i.d. (OME) or ranitidine 150 mg b.i.d. (RAN) and were compared for the effect on epithelial cell proliferation. Biopsies were taken 3 cm above the GE junction and just below the Z-line, at 0, 3, 9, and 24 months. Epithelial cell proliferation was determined by in vitro labeling with 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine and immunohistochemistry. Labeling indices (LI) were established for luminal and crypt epithelium separately. Ambulatory 24-h esophageal pH-metry was performed at 0 and 3 months. Comparisons were made for the timeframes 0-3 months, 3-24 months, and 0-24 months. Results: OME reduced mean acid reflux to 0.1%/24 h, RAN to 9.4%. In the distal and the proximal biopsies, change in LI after 3 months was n.s. at either level for both treatments. In the distal biopsies (OME 22, RAN 23 patients) luminal LI increased significantly for RAN from 3 to 24 months (+ 12.64% month, mean area under the curve (AUC)), while that for OME remained stable, RAN versus OME P < 0.05. Crypt LI increased in both groups, only in RAN significantly so (+ 30.75% month), RAN versus OME n.s. In the proximal biopsies luminal LI at 24 months (OME 20, RAN 21 patients) had increased slightly but not significantly in RAN (+ 8.86% month), RAN versus OME n.s., whereas in the crypts LI in OME it had increased significantly (+ 28.80% month), OME versus RAN n.s. Conclusion: Elimination ofacid reflux resulted in a stabilization of luminal cell proliferative activity of Barrett epithelium in the distal esophagus, whereas this activity increased during continued acid reflux. Whether this finding has any implication for the cancer risk in Barrett esophagus remains to be seen.     

Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of inlet patch: Justification,techniques, and results

Esophageal gastric inlet patches (EGIPs) comprise an island of heterotopic gastric columnar epithelium in the cervical esophagus with a reported prevalence of up to 10%. Usually the diagnosis is made by chance in the course of an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. After histopathologic examination EGIPs can be classified as oxyntic (mucosal glands contain parietal cells), mucoid type (mucosa is composed solely of glands with mucous cells), or mixed type (presence of both: glands with parietal cells and glands of mucous cells). Despite their overall low incidence of clinically relevant conditions, EGIPs seem to be a significant entity. Few individuals with EGIPs report symptoms of globus sensations, dysphagia, hoarseness, or chronic cough that are often misinterpreted as an atypical manifestation of gastroesophageal reflux disease. It is known that these symptoms significantly compromise the patients' quality of life. Therefore, therapy should be initiated. However, proton pump inhibitors' response seems to be poor in these patients. We were able to show that an interventional ablative endoscopic therapy by argon plasma coagulation can be a safe and effective procedure. However, further researches are required to better understand the clinical significance of EGIPs and their association to symptoms.     

43例食管中段异物治疗体会

目的总结食管中段异物的临床治疗经验。方法对43例食管中段异物患者的临床特点、诊断方法及治疗措施进行分析。结果治愈42例,死亡1例。结论食管中段异物应尽可能全麻下经食管镜尽早取出,严格评价手术治疗指征,胸腔镜手术的价值值得进一步探讨。     

洛铂联合5-氟尿嘧啶与亚叶酸钙治疗晚期食管癌的Ⅱ期临床研究

目的：评价洛铂联合5-FU与亚叶酸钙治疗晚期食管癌患者的疗效及安全性。方法：对40例未经化疗的晚期食管癌患者。给予以下方案化疗；洛铂50mg，静脉滴注，2h；亚叶酸钙200mg／m^2，静脉滴注，2h，d1～d3；5-FU400mg／m^2，静脉推注，d1～d3；5-FU600mg／m^2，持续静脉滴注，22h，d1～d3。每21d重复。完成2个周期后行疗效评价。结果：可评价疗效病例37例，其中CR1例，PR16例，SD15例，PD5例，总有效率为45．9％（17／37）（95％CI为30％～63％），其中初治患者的总体疗效为68．2％（15／22），复治患者中总体疗效为13．3％（2／15）；中住疾病进展时间为6个月。主要不良反应为骨髓抑制，其中白细胞下降Ⅲ，Ⅳ度为21.1％，血红蛋白下降Ⅲ，Ⅳ度为10．0％，血小板下降Ⅲ度为3．3％，未发现Ⅳ度反应。结论：该联合方案显示明显的抗肿瘤作用，与其他含铂方案相比，洛铂不良反应相对较轻，耐受性好。     

西藏地区^14C尿素呼气试验检测幽门螺杆菌7年情况分析

目的探讨7年间幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染变化及其与常见上消化道良性疾病、年龄的关系。方法分析2001年1月-2007年12月均接受尿素呼气试验（^14C-UBT）检查和胃镜检查的所有病例，共计15644例。观察Hp感染与年代、常见上消化道良性疾病—消化性溃疡（PU），慢性浅表性胃炎（CSG），慢性萎缩性胃炎（CAG），反流性食管炎（RE）以及年龄的关系。结果7年来Hp的平均检出率为60％，2002和2007年检出率最高，均为63％，而2004年检出率最低，为52％。常见上消化道良性疾病当中Pu、CSG、CAG、RE的Hp检出率分别为，70％、59％、55％和42％。各年龄段中，〈10、11-19、20-29、30-39、40-49、50-59和〉60岁的Hp检出率分别为，52％、60％、64％、56％、55％、41％和40％。结论7年间Hp检出率出现双高峰，第一高峰出现于2002年，而第二高峰出现于2007年，2001年到2004年期间呈下降趋势；常见上消化道良性疾病当中，PU患者Hp检出率最高，RE检出率最低，而CSG、CAG患者居中。从年龄结构，青少年Hp检出率最高，而老年人相对较低，中年人和儿童居中。     

食管鳞癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的变化

目的研究食管鳞癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的变化特点。方法采用流式细胞技术，对108例食管鳞癌患者（食管鳞癌组）术前检测其外周血T淋巴细胞亚群水平，并与50例健康献血者（对照组）对比，分析食管鳞癌患者T淋巴细胞亚群的变化特点。结果（1）与对照组比较，食管鳞癌组患者外周血CD3^＋ 、NK细胞水平差异无统计学意义（P=0．890；P=0．320）；CD4^＋和CD8^＋水平显著增高（P=0．001；P〈0．001），由于CD8^＋增高的程度大于CDZ增高的程度，使得CDgCDs~较对照组降低（P〈0．001）。（2）早期食管鳞癌患者外周血CD4^＋/CD8^＋低于对照组，但差异无统计学意义（P=0．112）；中晚期食管鳞癌患者CDgCDs~进一步降低，与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001），但与早期食管鳞癌患者相比，差异无统计学意义（P=0．218）。（3）有淋巴结转移食管鳞癌患者CD4^＋和CD4^＋/CD8^＋均低于无淋巴结转移患者（P均〈0．001），CD8^＋和NK细胞均高于无淋巴结转移患者，差异均有统计学意义（P=0．002；P=0．005）。结论食管鳞癌患者存在免疫功能低下，随着肿瘤的进展免疫功能进一步受到削弱；监测CD4^＋/CD8^＋的变化可作为食管鳞癌病情进展的标志之一。     

包头市1995～2003年食管癌住院病例变化趋势分析

[目的]了解包头市食管癌的住院病例发病趋势，为更好地开展该病的预防控治工作提供参考信息。[方法]对包头市1995、1997、1999、2001、2003年25所医院住院的首诊食管癌病例进行分析。[结果]包头市1995、1997、1999、2001、2003共获得食管癌住院病例320例，其中男性244例、女性76例，性别比为3．2：1，年龄36-86岁，平均58．4岁，95．9％的病人为41～80岁。1995-2003年包头市食管癌住院病例呈明显上升趋势，男性更为明显。[结论]包头市食管癌的二级预防工作重点应放在40岁以上的中老年人群中，男性更为重要。     

糖尿病性上消化道感觉和运动功能异常

糖尿病患者胃肠感觉运动功能异常非常常见,其可涉及胃肠道各个部位。糖尿病性胃肠异常经常是亚临床的,庆幸的是罕有严重和危及生命的问题发生。人们尚未完全了解糖尿病性上消化道感觉运动功能异常的发病机制,但是其机制似乎是多源性的。研究表明,糖尿病性自主神经病变和急性血糖异常可损伤感觉运动功能。糖尿病发展过程中胃肠道结构和生物力学特性的重构也可能与感觉运动功能异常有关。本综述只讨论糖尿病性上消化道感觉运动功能异常,同时结合讨论胃肠道结构和生物力学特性的重构在糖尿病性上消化道感觉运动功能异常发展中的作用。     

垂体后叶素联合心得安与生长抑素治疗食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血疗效分析

目的:探讨食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的经济实用治疗方法,使用垂体后叶素联合心得安与生长抑素比较.方法:68例随机分成两组:A组35例,给予垂体后叶素联合心得安;B组33例,给予生长抑素.结果:A、B两组总止血率分别为82.71%和84.85%,P ＞0.05,无显著差异,A组止血时间相对B组缓.结论:垂体后叶素联合心得安治疗食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的临床疗效与生长抑素基本相似,是治疗食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的既经济又实用有效的方法.