中学生对立违抗性障碍的父母养育方式和家庭环境特征的初步研究

目的：了解单纯对立违抗性障碍（ODD）儿童的父母养育方式及家庭功能。方法：应用向制儿童行为调查表、家庭环境量表中文版（FES～CV）、父母养育方式量表（EMBU），对115例单纯ODD儿童（研究组）和115名非ODD正常儿童（对照组）进行评定和病例对照分析，结果：ODD组儿童家庭矛盾性得分较对照组高（P〈0．01），ODD组父母双亲的“情感温暖．理解”得分均明显比对照组得分低（父亲P〈0．01，母亲P〈0.05）．而其“惩罚，严厉”和“拒绝，否认”二因子得分则明显比对照组高（P〈0．01）；ODD组母亲的“过分干涉，过度保护”，因子得分也明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论：ODD中学生的家庭存在高度的矛盾性．他们的父母养育方式不良，应引起重视。     

中药中金属元素的生化作用机理

机体内环境是一个多层次纵横交错的大系统 ,有一套复杂的调控体系 ,金属元素与此调控体系有密切联系。机体内所有复杂的生化反应都离不开酶 ,而金属元素有的是酶的辅助因子参与酶的组成 ,有的是酶的激活剂 ,是酶活性的主要调节者。深入研究中药中金属元素对酶活性的影响 ,将有利于提高药效。此外肾虚病人血清中金属元素与正常人相比有显著差异 ,若能比较准确地测得肾虚不同阶段的金属元素图谱 ,并结合中药中各金属元素含量的不同加以针对性地治疗 ,将对提高药物对疾病的治疗效果及延缓衰老有重要意义。     

Children's Health and the Environment—The First Herbert L. Needleman Award Lecture

Children today are exposed extensively to toxins in the environment. Prominent among these are exposures to over 70,000 synthetic chemicals, all newly developed in the past 50 years and largely untested for their hazards to children's health. Children are uniquely vulnerable to toxins, and with increasing incidence they are developing chronic, disabling, life-threatening diseases known or suspected to be of environmental origin–asthma, endocrine disruption, cancer, and the diseases caused by tobacco. Pediatricians need to consider toxic etiologies in the differential diagnosis of childhood illness.     

4个铁路区段提速列车噪声影响调查

为探讨提速列车噪声对铁路两侧环境及居民健康影响,依据声源,环境噪声等固定标准,对４个铁路运行区段进行了调查。     

In vitro tests for essential sperm functions using the phyto-oestrogen genistein as a test substance

Sperm motility, binding of spermatozoa to the zona pellucida and induction of the acrosome reaction are prerequisites for successful oocyte fertilization. Examination of the physiological and nonphysiological effects of particular compounds on sperm functions requires high-quality in vitro test systems. In this short methodological overview, a reliable combined in vitro test system with bovine gametes is described. The purpose of the study was to evaluate whether aliquots of pooled post-thaw spermatozoa are suitable for examination of environmental substances that affect essential sperm functions. The combined test system includes a number of known methods for the assessment of sperm vitality and motion parameters, acrosomal status, inducibility of acrosome reaction and sperm zona pellucida binding. First observations indicate that genistein inhibits the induction of acrosomal exocytosis and binding of spermatozoa to the zona pellucida. Motility parameters and the viability of bovine spermatozoa were not affected by this substance. It is concluded that genistein, a phyto-oestrogen which is abundant in several plants, can be used as a test substance for the evaluation of effects upon essential bovine sperm functions in vitro.     

列车环境与旅客精神障碍关系的研究

为探明列车环境与旅客精神障碍的关系，作者对旅客精神障碍的发生及其所乘列车的环境因子进行了现场调查和监测，结果显示：９７％的患者是在超员状态发病的，车厢空气中的ＣＯ２平均值为０．２２６ｍｇ／ｍ＾３，旅客精神障碍的发病率随车厢人均容积的缩小而呈几何性增高，环境中的低气压，低气流及相对偏高的气温，气湿对旅客精神障碍的发生有共同促进作用（Ｒ＝０．９５３１），由此认为：严重超员造成的旅行环境恶化是诱发旅客精     

Violence in the Schools: Clinical Issues and Case Analysis for High-Risk Children

School violence in rural communities has gained considerable attention nationally. Examined are theoretical considerations involving escape theory, the risk and protective factors for school violence, case analyses of recent case studies, and discussion of recent school violence involving fatal injuries to others. Also discussed are diagnostic issues in understanding children who are at-risk for school violence and ways school violence maybe managed in the schools. Suggestions and recommendations including recommendations provided by the National School Safety Center for school personnel are offered, as are steps to be taken in creating a safe school environment. This information may be helpful to child psychiatry and clinical personnel who provide services to school aged children.     

廊坊师范学院432名大学生生命质量调查分析

目的了解师范大学生生命质量的特点,以便提出相应干预建议.方法采用回顾性研究方法,参照世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表简表,制定生命质量问卷,对廊坊师范学院432名大学生进行生命质量无记名问卷调查.结果在满分为5分的调查中,心理方面男、女大学生得分分别是3.25和3.39分,差异有显著性(P<0.05);对环境的满意度方面男、女大学生得分均较低,都在3分以下;独立性方面男生较低,男、女大学生的平均得分为2.92和3.40分,差异有非常显著性(P<0.01);综合得分方面男、女平均的分为3.51和3.50分,差异无显著性.结论男女大学生的生命质量存在不同特点,应进行针对性干预,以提高师范大学生生命质量.     

家庭环境与儿童期性虐待发生的单因素分析

目的了解家庭环境与儿童期性虐待发生的关系,为儿童期性虐待的预防提供依据。方法对某学院18岁以上的701名女生进行自填式问卷调查。结果生活在重组家庭中的儿童性虐待的报告率高于核心家庭,父、母亲经常在家庭中使用暴力、有不良嗜好、体弱多病、家庭关系紧张(父母之间、父母与祖父母之间、父母与孩子之间)是性虐待发生的危险因素;女童也是性虐待发生的危险因素。结论家庭环境在儿童期性虐待发生中起重要作用。     

杭州市高教园区大学生对环境的满意度分析

目的了解高教园区大学生对环境的满意度及需要解决的问题，为高校建设的策划和构建提供必要的参考依据。方法采用多级抽样方法对杭州市高教园区880名大学生进行关于学习、生活、就医、安全保障、交通、人际交往和社会实践环境变化满意度的问卷调查。结果42．7％的大学生对于高教园区的学习环境表示满意。大多数大学生对高教园区的交通环境、社会实践环境和安全保障环境不满意。40．5％的大学生希望尽快改善班车路线少、车次少、价格贵的交通状况。结论高教园区的交通环境迫切需要改善，以满足大学生的学习和生活需求。