基于移动终端的《口腔组织病理学》图谱小程序的开发与评价

目的 探究基于小程序的辅助式教学在口腔医学教学中的应用效果及相关改进与发展建议。方法 通过数字化技术构建包含图例、组织学切片、示意图、知识点手绘图片等在内的内容涵盖广、专业性强的《口腔组织病理学》图谱小程序。利用其依托于微信平台的优势,建设了中英双语标注、师生实时互动交流等功能。选取30名口腔医学生作为研究对象,在其使用图谱小程序前后进行测试,将两次学习成绩使用SPSS 22.0软件进行t检验分析。同时让45名学生使用为期1个月的图谱小程序后对其进行问卷调查,内容包括使用电子图谱的态度,学习过程中使用图谱小程序的满意度与意见,对未来师生共同使用图谱小程序的意见等。结果 在使用图谱小程序辅助学习后,学生的测试成绩各项显著提高。其中,试验组填空题[（17.00±2.61）分 vs. （15.03±1.85）分]、识图题[（27.93±5.08）分 vs. （25.13±3.31）分]与总分[（78.77±8.59）分 vs. （72.90±6.08）分]与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。问卷调查结果显示,学生对于《口腔组织病理学》图谱小程序辅助教学的满意度高、对师生互动功能的认可度高,使用小程序的整体效果好。结论 图谱作为《口腔组织病理学》重要的教学辅助工具之一,在呈现组织结构的直观性与真实性等方面对口腔医学生的理论学习有重要作用。将图谱与电子媒介结合,尤其是利用便携的移动设备,无疑更有益于学生对知识点的掌握。     

通过凝胶电泳数字化图像分析蛋白含量的改进方法

本文提出利用凝胶电泳数字化图像技术，通过光密度方法测量蛋白含量的改进方法和修正公式。分析了凝胶电泳图像数字化过程中，照射光源强度、凝胶背景、摄像机等参量对蛋白含量计算结果的影响；并证明了用不同强度的光源照射或使用大小不同的摄像机光圈所获得的凝胶数字化图像，不影响测量结果。采用图像分析技术确定蛋白区带电泳边界和修正公式，测量了不同浓度的牛血清白蛋白、β－乳球蛋白的相对含量，结果显示：修正公式的计算结果与蛋白实际浓度的相关系数高于不考虑凝胶背景的公式的计算结果，且修正公式的计算结果与实际含量更趋近于正比关系     

大脑前动脉的A1优势征及在前交通动脉瘤脑血管造影诊断中的意义

目的：探讨A1优势征的影像学表现及其出现率与大脑前交通动脉瘤的关系.方法：回顾性分析128例脑动脉瘤数字减影脑血管造影的影像学资料.以大脑前交通动脉瘤作为试验组,其他部位的动脉瘤作为对照组.结果：128例病人中,共139个动脉瘤.前交通动脉瘤49个,后交通动脉瘤41个,基底动脉瘤29个,大脑中动脉瘤14个,颈内动脉瘤6个.A1优势征58例,A1对称75例.结论：前交通动脉瘤Al优势征多见,其出现率与其他部位脑动脉瘤之间存在显著差异（P＜0.05）.     

Benefits of the DICOM Modality Performed Procedure Step

A few years ago, the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine standard introduced a network transaction that is initiated by modality equipment, mainly at the beginning and at the end of the acquisition. This transaction, the Modality Performed Procedure Step (MPPS), is sent to the Picture Archiving and Communication System and/or to the Radiology Information System. It carries information about what really has been performed by the modality equipment during acquisition. In this paper, we present MPPS and discuss its benefits. We show how MPPS enables efficient radiology workflow and how it ensures accuracy and completeness of imaging information. We think our paper helps bridge the gap between MPPS implementation and deployment. By understanding all the MPPS benefits, the end user becomes aware of the great enhancement in patient care that this transaction provides.     

New algorithmic-based digital filter processing system for real-time continuous blood pressure measurement and analysis in conscious rats

A new algorithmic-based digital filter processing system for real-time continuous blood pressure (BP) measurement and analysis in freely-moving conscious rats has been developed. Real-time recognition of BP waveforms, real-time noise rejection and determination of representative waveform indexes (WIs) at indicated time points using digital filters and Smirnov's rejection test were realized with this system. Digital filters were applied for two different purposes: waveform segmentation and smoothing the calculations of representative WIs. Smirnov's rejection test was used for real-time noise rejection and yielded an accurate rejection rate of 99.99%. The result was that the digital filter processing and Smirnov's rejection test realized accurate real-time BP measurement and analysis in freely-moving conscious rats using a personal computer.     

数字水印技术在脑电信号数据压缩中的应用

首先对数字水印技术和脑电信号的数据压缩进行了介绍,然后就数字水印技术用于解决脑电信号数据压缩过程中的完整性和真实性检测问题进行了探讨。最后总结了国内外研究情况,并对脑电信号数据压缩方法进行了展望。     

Computerised analysis of auscultatory sounds associated with vascular patency of haemodialysis access

Vascular access for renal dialysis is a lifeline for about 120 000 individuals in the United States. Stethoscope auscultation of vascular sounds has some utility in the assessment of access patency, yet can be highly skill-dependent. The objective of the study was to identify acoustic parameters that are related to changes in vascular access patency. The underlying hypothesis is that stenoses of haemodialysis access vessels or grafts cause vascular sound changes that are detectable using computerised data acquisition and analysis. Eleven patients participated in the study. Their vascular sounds were recorded before and after angiography, which was accompanied by angioplasty in most patients. The sounds were acquired using two electronic stethoscopes and then digitised and analysed on a personal computer. Vessel stenosis changes were found to be associated with changes in acoustic amplitude and/or spectral energy distribution. Certain acoustic parameters correlated well (correlation coefficient=0.98, p<0.0001) with the change in the degree of stenosis, suggesting that stenosis severity may be predictable from these parameters. Parameters also appeared to be sensitive to modest diameter changes (>20%), (p<0.005, Wilcoxon rank sum test). These results suggest that computerised analysis of vascular sounds may be useful in vessel patency surveillance. Further testing using longitudinal studies may be warranted.     

Clinical Potential of Digital Linear Tomosynthesis Imaging of Total Joint Arthroplasty

The present study was performed to evaluate the potential for clinical application of digital linear tomosynthesis in imaging hip prostheses. Volumetric x-ray digital linear tomosysnthesis was used to image hip prostheses. The tomosynthesis was compared to metal artifact reduction (MAR) computed tomography (CT), and non-MAR CT scans of a prosthesis case. The effectiveness of this method in enhancing visibility of a prosthesis case was quantified in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and removal of ghosting artifacts in a prosthesis case was quantified in terms of the artifact spread function (ASF). In the near in-focus plane, the contrast is greater in the MAR CT or tomosynthesis relative to the non-MAR CT. The order of ASF performance of the algorithm was as follows: (1) tomosynthesis; (2) MAR-CT; (3) non-MAR CT. The potential usefulness of digital linear tomosynthesis for evaluation of hip prostheses was demonstrated. Further studies are required to determine the ability of digital linear tomosynthesis to quantify the spatial relationships between the metallic components of these devices as well as to identify bony changes with diagnostic consequences.     

Physics-Driven CFD Modeling of Complex Anatomical Cardiovascular Flows—A TCPC Case Study

Recent developments in medical image acquisition combined with the latest advancements in numerical methods for solving the Navier-Stokes equations have created unprecedented opportunities for developing simple and reliable computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools for meeting patient-specific surgical planning objectives. However, for CFD to reach its full potential and gain the trust and confidence of medical practitioners, physics-driven numerical modeling is required. This study reports on the experience gained from an ongoing integrated CFD modeling effort aimed at developing an advanced numerical simulation tool capable of accurately predicting flow characteristics in an anatomically correct total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC). An anatomical intra-atrial TCPC model is reconstructed from a stack of magnetic resonance (MR) images acquired in vivo. An exact replica of the computational geometry was built using transparent rapid prototyping. Following the same approach as in earlier studies on idealized models, flow structures, pressure drops, and energy losses were assessed both numerically and experimentally, then compared. Numerical studies were performed with both a first-order accurate commercial software and a recently developed, second-order accurate, in-house flow solver. The commercial CFD model could, with reasonable accuracy, capture global flow quantities of interest such as control volume power losses and pressure drops and time-averaged flow patterns. However, for steady inflow conditions, both flow visualization experiments and particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements revealed unsteady, complex, and highly 3D flow structures, which could not be captured by this numerical model with the available computational resources and additional modeling efforts that are described. Preliminary time-accurate computations with the in-house flow solver were shown to capture for the first time these complex flow features and yielded solutions in good agreement with the experimental observations. Flow fields obtained were similar for the studied total cardiac output range (1–3 l/min); however hydrodynamic power loss increased dramatically with increasing cardiac output, suggesting significant energy demand at exercise conditions. The simulation of cardiovascular flows poses a formidable challenge to even the most advanced CFD tools currently available. A successful prediction requires a two-pronged, physics-based approach, which integrates high-resolution CFD tools and high-resolution laboratory measurements.     

生物组织微阵列芯片自动制备仪的研制

介绍了一种新型生物组织微阵列芯片自动制备仪的研制。分析了组织微阵列制备过程中的操作任务和实现目标,进行了制备仪的结构设计和各功能模块研究开发。制备仪从结构上分为蜡块承载定位模块和三工位操作模块,控制系统的组成有操作空间精密定位子系统,组织蜡块图像识别子系统,蜡块打孔填埋作业子系统等。研制成功的制备仪样机具备了图像自动识别、精密定位、自动打孔填埋等功能,实现了生物组织微阵列芯片的自动化制备。