6MV X线照射人离体血细胞遗传学剂量—效应研究——常规法的微核剂量效应曲线

本文应用医用直线加速器6MV X 线照射5例健康成人离体血研究淋巴细胞微核与剂量间的关系,发现微核率及微核细胞率可各配以回归方程 Y=6.6896×10~(-3)+1.2959×10~(-2)D~2及 Y=7.3906×10~(-3)+1.0824×10~(-2)D~2,其 R~2值分别为O.9948及0.9976,有较好的拟合度,可作为预测受照剂量的模型。     

Measuring familial aggregation by using odds-ratio regression models.

Detection of familial aggregation of a disease is important for studying possible genetic and environmental factors contributing to disease etiology. Accurate quantification of familial aggregation can provide guidance for subsequent, more sophisticated genetic studies. This article presents a statistical model and method for detecting both inter- and intra-class aggregation of a binary trait with family data. The method used here is based on the logistic regression model which incorporates effects of individual covariates while measuring familial aggregation of risk as the odds ratios among classes of relatives. An estimation equation approach is presented where the joint distribution of binary traits among family members need not be fully specified. Data from a genetic epidemiologic study on liver cancer in Shanghai are analyzed for illustration, and reveal strong aggregation of risk even after adjusting for covariates. Effects of non-random sampling and ascertainment bias are also discussed.     

Bayesian spatial modeling of disease risk in relation to multivariate environmental risk fields

The relationship between exposure to environmental chemicals during pregnancy and early childhood development is an important issue that has a spatial risk component. In this context, we have examined mental retardation and developmental delay (MRDD) outcome measures for children in a Medicaid population in South Carolina and sampled measures of soil chemistry (e.g. As, Hg, etc.) on a network of sites that are misaligned to the outcome residential addresses during pregnancy. The true chemical concentration at the residential addresses is not observed directly and must be interpolated from soil samples. In this study, we have developed a Bayesian joint model that interpolates soil chemical fields and estimates the associated MRDD risk simultaneously. Having multiple spatial fields to interpolate, we have considered a low‐rank Kriging method for the interpolation that requires less computation than the Bayesian Kriging. We performed a sensitivity analysis for a bivariate smoothing, changing the number of knots and the smoothing parameter. These analyses show that a low‐rank Kriging method can be used as an alternative to a full‐rank Kriging, reducing the computational burden. However, the number of knots for the low‐rank Kriging model needs to be selected with caution as a bivariate surface estimation can be sensitive to the choice of the number of knots. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analysis of sex‐specific injury patterns and risk factors in young high‐level athletes

This study analyzed sex‐specific injury patterns and risk factors in young athletes (n=256) from 12 sport disciplines practicing at the national or the international level in the Grand‐Duchy of Luxembourg. Injury occurrence as a result of sport practice was analyzed retrospectively over the year 2006 using a standardized self‐administered questionnaire. Overall incidence was not different between girls and boys (1.20 and 1.21 injuries/1000 athlete‐hours, respectively), but in the context of team sport competition girls tended to be at a greater risk (rate ratio 2.05, P=0.053). Girls had a higher proportion of injuries in the ankle/foot region compared with boys (34.8% vs 16.8%). No sex‐related differences were found regarding injury severity. Multivariate logistic regression (controlling for age and practice volume) revealed that girls' team sports were associated with a greater injury risk compared with individual sports [odds ratio (OR) of 4.76], while in boys this was observed for racket sports (OR=3.31). Furthermore, physical or emotional stress tended to be a specific risk factor in girls. There was a tendency for injury outside sports to be coupled to a higher injury risk in girls and boys. Consideration of sex‐specific injury patterns and risk factors could be of importance for effective injury prevention.     

城市医院后勤保障社会化的理论与实践

医院后勤服务保障社会化已成为城市大医院后勤改革的发展趋势。应用核心竞争力理论阐述后勤保障社会化的理论基础，如果某一业务不能或者很难为竞争优势做贡献，那么就可以考虑外包(社会化)，后勤服务保障社会化的前提条件是某项业务存在专业化、规模化经营供应市场，目前医院支持性业务中的餐饮服务、人员服务和非技术性的建筑及设施服务完全具备成熟的市场化前提条件。适宜后勤服务保障社会化，技术性的建筑及设施服务只宜部分后勤服务保障社会化。而患者服务在我国尚不具备供应商市场，不宜社会化。此外，当医院的后勤服务保障社会化购买成本、后勤服务保障社会化管理成本、医院资源的机会成本之和小于内部化的生产和管理成本时，就应寻求社会化服务。作者结合医院后勤保障社会化的实践，探索如何构建与社会化服务保障相适应的监管体系、以及社会化保障工作的思路、方法、体会。     

Estimation of stature from cranial sutures in a South Indian male population

The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of estimating height from length of coronal and sagittal sutures of the skull for the positive identification of the height in forensic investigations concerned with fragmentary skeletal remains. The study was conducted on 87 male bodies subjected to medicolegal autopsy in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, South India and the Department of Forensic Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, South India. Length of coronal suture was measured from left pterion at the junction of sphenoparietal with the sphenofrontal suture, along the coronal plane, over the coronal suture to the pterion on the right side. Length of sagittal suture was measured from bregma along the sagittal plane over the sagittal suture to the lambda. The data collected were subjected to statistical methods. Significant correlation was found between height and coronal suture length in males, when compared to sagittal suture. The correlation coefficient between height and coronal suture was 0.363. The correlation coefficient between height and sagittal suture was 0.090. Linear regression equations for stature estimation were derived from coronal suture length in male population. Coronal suture length gives more accurate results in estimating stature than sagittal suture. However, in cases where identification is required by means of only skull, this method could prove useful.     

Therapeutic Horseback Riding Studies: Problems Experienced by Researchers

Since the therapeutic use of horse riding has been realised, several research studies investigating the physical and psychosocial effect of therapeutic riding have been conducted. A summary is given of therapeutic riding research studies where formal statistical tests were used to analyse the data as well as a summary of studies where different techniques were used to process the data.These summaries give an overview of the variables measured in previously conducted therapeutic riding studies. The general problems experienced by therapeutic riding researchers are given after the summaries. Possible explanations are discussed for some of these problems. In conclusion a few suggestions are given for future research, not only for therapeutic riding studies, but for any study where the effect of a therapeutic intervention is investigated.     

Effect of habitat area and isolation on fragmented animal populations

Habitat destruction has driven many once-contiguous animal populations into remnant patches of varying size and isolation. The underlying framework for the conservation of fragmented populations is founded on the principles of island biogeography, wherein the probability of species occurrence in habitat patches varies as a function of patch size and isolation. Despite decades of research, the general importance of patch area and isolation as predictors of species occupancy in fragmented terrestrial systems remains unknown because of a lack of quantitative synthesis. Here, we compile occupancy data from 1,015 bird, mammal, reptile, amphibian, and invertebrate population networks on 6 continents and show that patch area and isolation are surprisingly poor predictors of occupancy for most species. We examine factors such as improper scaling and biases in species representation as explanations and find that the type of land cover separating patches most strongly affects the sensitivity of species to patch area and isolation. Our results indicate that patch area and isolation are indeed important factors affecting the occupancy of many species, but properties of the intervening matrix should not be ignored. Improving matrix quality may lead to higher conservation returns than manipulating the size and configuration of remnant patches for many of the species that persist in the aftermath of habitat destruction.