Teratologic evaluation of dermally applied zinc pyrithione on swine.

A teratologic study in Yorkshire pigs was performed by applying zinc pyrithione (30, 100, or 400 mg/kg prepared as a 50% ($\text{w}\text{v}$) suspension in Aquaphor cream) for 8 hr per day on the clipped dorsal surface from Days 8 through 32 of gestation. The design of the experiment also included a naive and a vehicle-treated control group. Piglets obtained by Caesarian section on gestation Day 100 were examined for external, soft tissue, and skeletal (X-ray) abnormalities. The number of implantation and resorption sites and viable fetuses among the test groups was not significantly different than the control groups. No evidence of any teratogenic or embryotoxic effect was observed in the fetuses from dams treated with zinc pyrithione.     

The validity of self-reports in alcoholism research

It is often assumed that many alcoholics underreport their drinking and behavioral problems. Nonetheless, previous studies using official records and collateral reports suggest that self-reports of concrete drinking problems are not biased, and that overreports equal or exceed underreports. New data are presented, based on collateral reports and blood alcohol measures for 632 alcoholics interviewed four years after treatment. Results indicate that the subjects accurately reported abstention and major alcohol-related events, such as jail terms and hospitalization. Compared with estimates from blood alcohol measures, 35% of recent drinkers underreported their consumption during the 24 hours before the interview, and 24% underreported their consumption during the previous month. However, an overall outcome classification based on a combination of consumption and other measures was not substantially affected by errors in consumption reports. These findings indicate that most types of self-reports are valid, and that broadly based outcome measures are not likely to be significantly biased by underreporting errors.     

青岛开发区32家企业食堂卫生状况调查

[目的]了解青岛开发区企业食堂卫生状况,为卫生行政部门决策提供依据。[方法]采用现场调查的方法随机对32家企业食堂进行了调查。[结果]多数企业环境卫生状况良好,外商独资企业卫生许可证持证率较高,但部分企业存在布局流程不合理,图纸预审率及从业人员培训率较低。[结论]卫生监督部门要做好预防性监督工作并加强施工中的卫生监督,同时强化从业人员卫生知识培训及食品卫生法的宣传工作。     

Predicting hypertension among Korean cancer survivors: A nationwide population‐based study

Hypertension is the most common comorbidity among cancer survivors, although there is no model for predicting hypertension in this population. Therefore, we developed a model for predicting hypertension using data from 6,480 Korean cancer survivors who were ≥20 years old. The odds ratios (ORs) for hypertension were calculated using stepwise logistic regression analyses, and a nomogram was generated to predict hypertension. Hypertension was independently associated with an age of ≥65 years (OR: 3.058), male gender (OR: 1.195), obesity (OR: 1.998), prehypertension (OR: 2.06), dyslipidaemia (OR: 2.011) and diabetes mellitus (OR: 2.297). Each variable in the nomogram was assigned a specific number of points, and the total score (range: 0–400) was used to obtain a value for predicting hypertension. The estimated prevalence of hypertension increased when the total nomogram score exceeded the sixth decile (total points: 128; p for trend <.001). Therefore, among Korean cancer survivors, hypertension was significantly associated with an age of >65 years, male gender, obesity, and having various comorbidities (e.g., prehypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes mellitus). Furthermore, our nomogram could predict the incidence of hypertension, and the sixth decile of the total nomogram score predicted an increased risk of hypertension.     

Mapping the Gaps: Gender Differences in Preventive Cardiovascular Care among Managed Care Members in Four Metropolitan Areas

Background

Prior research documents gender gaps in cardiovascular risk management, with women receiving poorer quality routine care on average, even in managed care systems. Although population health management tools and quality improvement efforts have led to better overall care quality and narrowing of racial/ethnic gaps for a variety of measures, we sought to quantify persistent gender gaps in cardiovascular risk management and to assess the performance of routinely used commercial population health management tools in helping systems narrow gender gaps.

Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Revised 2018 Standards of Practice and Standards of Professional Performance for Registered Dietitian Nutritionists (Competent,Proficient, and Expert) in Mental Health and Addictions

In 2016, there were 44.7 million adults affected by mental illness, and 20.1 million people aged 12 years or older affected by substance use disorder. More than 8.2 million Americans are afflicted with co-occurring disorders or dual diagnosis, such as both a mental illness and an addiction. Registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) have an important role in the treatment of this population, as optimizing nutrition status improves cognitive and emotional functioning. The Behavioral Health Nutrition Dietetic Practice Group, with guidance from the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Management Committee, has developed Standards of Practice (SOP) and Standards of Professional Performance (SOPP) for RDNs in Mental Health and Addictions for three levels of practice: competent, proficient, and expert. The SOP uses the Nutrition Care Process and clinical workflow elements for care of individuals with mental illness and/or addictions. The SOPP describes six domains that focus on professionalism: Quality in Practice, Competence and Accountability, Provision of Services, Application of Research, Communication and Application of Knowledge, and Utilization and Management of Resources. Indicators outlined in the SOP and SOPP depict how these standards apply to practice. The SOP and SOPP are complementary resources for RDNs caring for individuals with, or specializing in, mental health and addictions and practicing in other mental health and addictions-related areas, including research. The SOP and SOPP are intended to be used by RDNs for self-evaluation to assure competent practice and for determining potential education and training needs for advancement to a higher practice level in a variety of settings.     

A development framework for semantically interoperable health information systems

Background

Semantic interoperability is a basic challenge to be met for new generations of distributed, communicating and co-operating health information systems (HIS) enabling shared care and e-Health. Analysis, design, implementation and maintenance of such systems and intrinsic architectures have to follow a unified development methodology.

Methods

The Generic Component Model (GCM) is used as a framework for modeling any system to evaluate and harmonize state of the art architecture development approaches and standards for health information systems as well as to derive a coherent architecture development framework for sustainable, semantically interoperable HIS and their components. The proposed methodology is based on the Rational Unified Process (RUP), taking advantage of its flexibility to be configured for integrating other architectural approaches such as Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), Model-Driven Architecture (MDA), ISO 10746, and HL7 Development Framework (HDF).

Results

Existing architectural approaches have been analyzed, compared and finally harmonized towards an architecture development framework for advanced health information systems.

Conclusion

Starting with the requirements for semantic interoperability derived from paradigm changes for health information systems, and supported in formal software process engineering methods, an appropriate development framework for semantically interoperable HIS has been provided. The usability of the framework has been exemplified in a public health scenario.     

中国七城市部分企业应对流感大流行风险意识的调查

目的评估中国境内企业在应对下一次流感大流行方面的风险意识。方法在北京、上海、广州、深圳、青岛等7个城市选择30家外资企业和20家国有企业,并对其所属的647名员工进行了调查。调查方法采用定量(问卷)与定性(访谈)相结合的方法,从企业与雇员两个角度,在充分调研了跨国公司在华机构、中国大型本土跨国企业以及中国本土知名私营企业的基础上完成的。结果有高达82%受访者对流感大流行背景知识具备了一定程度的了解;有60%的外国投资公司已经制定或者正在制定应对流感大流行的可持续发展计划,而中国本土企业这一比例为21%;有67%的外国企业与员工分享了企业的相关应急计划,本土企业这一比例为42%;有70%的受访者对限制员工在流感暴发期间前往疫区,疏散在疫区工作的人员及家属等问题予以了高度关注;有将近60%的企业认为每年定期为员工接种疫苗很重要;70%的企业关注卫生防护用品的供应;同时有高达76%的企业高度关注为员工购买医疗保险。结论比较而言,跨国公司对流感大流行的认知度和关注度都要高于国内本土企业,在制订预案和应对措施等各个方面的准备工作也做得更为充分。     

某企业员工口腔卫生健康状况调查

目的调查分析非毒物性合资企业工作人员口腔卫生与牙周病的关系.方法某开发区非毒物性合资企业工人和办公室人员452人.其中生产工人243人,办公室人员209人,调查他们的口腔卫生状况、吸烟状况和牙周病状况,并对资料进行分析.结果企业工人组的口腔卫生状况较办公室人员组差,牙周病的患病率明显高于办公室人员组(P＜0.01),吸烟者患牙周炎的检出率为31.33%,明显高于非吸烟者患牙周炎的检出率7.69%(P＜0.01).结论企业工人对口腔保健不够重视,牙周病的患病率增高,吸烟可能是牙周病流行的一个重要因素.