“三位一体”个案干预模式对北京地区HIV/AIDS患者ART启动时间和治疗依从性影响

目的　本研究探讨了一种由医生、护士和非政府组织共同参与的“三位一体”个案干预模式,用以缩短从确诊HIV感染到开始抗反转录病毒治疗（antiretroviral therapy, ART）的时间,提高患者的依从性,改善ART效果。方法　将2012年1月—2013年12月在北京佑安医院确诊的HIV/AIDS患者作为对照组,接受常规诊疗程序。2015年1月—2016年12月确诊的HIV/AIDS患者作为干预组,接受“三位一体”个案干预模式。比较2组ART启动时间及治疗依从性的差别及可能的影响因素。结果　共纳入患者4906例,对照组1549例,干预组3357例。干预组从确诊到接受ART的中位时间为35 d,远少于对照组的56 d（Z=-10.087,P=0.001）。与对照组相比,干预组患者有更好的治疗依从性（89.2% vs. 95.3%,P=0.000）。 ART启动时间与个案干预模式的实施存在线性关系,且呈负相关。结论　接受“三位一体”个案干预模式的HIV/AIDS患者能更快的启动ART,有更好的治疗依从性和队列保持率,可以在全国实施HIV个案干预模式,减轻AIDS负担。     

我国"乡聘村用"政策典型地区实践经验与启示

目的:分析我国"乡聘村用"政策进展和典型地区实践经验,分析推进"乡聘村用"政策的问题与挑战,为推进乡村医生队伍建设提供政策建议。方法:利用我国卫生健康统计年鉴相关数据进行定量分析;收集我国典型地区政策、报告等资料,进行案例分析。结果:"乡聘村用"在我国具有一定的政策基础,在全国范围内已经具有一定实践规模。从人员资质、人事管理和养老保障及资金来源方式等角度看,在典型地区的实践对推进"乡聘村用"政策的挑战是增加财政支出、乡村医生队伍老龄化和县乡管理能力不足。结论与建议:典型地区经验表明"乡聘村用"政策是转变乡村医生身份、解决乡村医生养老等社会保障问题的有效途径。建议各地借鉴典型经验积极推进"乡聘村用"政策,加大地方财政支持力度;加强县级和乡镇卫生院管理能力;同时,稳步推进政策,避免各类乡村医生之间产生矛盾。     

产科并发症与精神分裂症的病例对照研究

目的 探讨产科并发症与精神分裂症的关系。方法 病例对照研究,单因素、多因素分析。并计算相对危险度和95%的可信限。结果 单因素分析显示,孕期并发症（OR=4.63,95%CI=1.27-20.66）、生产并发症（OR=3.29,95%CI=1.06-11.29)达到统计学意义。特别分层分析,男性生产并发症发生率明显高于对照组。多因素分析,孕期营养差、孕期并发症与精神分裂症有密切的关系,OR（95%CI）分别为3.98(1.13-14.07),4.93(1.44-16.86)。结论 精神分裂症的发生与孕期、生产期环境因素密切相关,孕期、生产期损伤者为精神分裂症的高危人群。     

斯蒂克勒综合征5例分析

目的 探讨斯蒂克勒综合征的眼部及其他临床表现。方法 对一个家第三代５例患者进行临床分析。结果 ５例患者主要眼部表现为不同程度的近视、白内障、玻璃体变性、尖发难治的视网膜脱离。患者身材疲长,下颌稍小,无关节病和脊柱异常。结论 我勒综合征是一种罕见的以眼部症状为特征的遗传性闰病。     

《得心集医案》辨治急难证的思路与方法

总结分析了清代医家谢星焕《得心集医案》辨治急难证的特点：在辨证方面注重天人合一,善于辨别真假错杂之证,尤长于以脉诊决疑释难,妇科难证多求诸奇经八脉;在治疗方面法度严谨,善于化裁古方,急救方法多变,涌吐、针灸、鼻饲、敷脐等多有采用。     

Differences in incidence and fatality of COVID-19 by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant versus Delta variant in relation to vaccine coverage: A world-wide review

We aim to evaluate the evolution differences in the incidence and case fatality rate (CFR) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta and Omicron variants. The average incidence and CFRs were described between different countries. A gamma generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was used to compare the CFRs of Delta and Omicron variants based on vaccination coverage. Totally, 50 countries were included for analyses. The incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ranged from 0.16/100,000 to 82.95/100,000 during the Delta period and 0.03/100,000 to 440.88/100,000 during the Omicron period. The median CFRs were 8.56 (interquartile range [IQR]: 4.76–18.39) during the Delta period and 3.04 (IQR: 1.87–7.48) during the Omicron period, respectively. A total of 47 out of 50 countries showed decreased CFRs of the Omicron variant with the rate ratio ranging from 0.02 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01–0.03) (in Cambodia) to 0.97 (95% CI: 0.87–1.08) (in Ireland). Gamma GLMM analysis showed that the decreased CFR was largely a result of the decreased pathogenicity of Omicron besides the increased vaccination coverage. The Omicron variant shows a higher incidence but a lower CFR around the world as a whole, which is mainly a result of the decreased pathogenicity by SARS-CoV-2's mutation, while the vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 still acts as a valuable measure in preventing people from death.     

体外冲击波碎石治疗输尿管结石646例报告

目的：探讨ESWL治疗646例输尿管结石效果,分析了20例治疗效果较差的原因。方法：采用低能量增加冲击次数的治疗方法,治疗前行B超,KUB,同位素肾图及IVU等检查,治疗后行B超,KUB或IVU复查及临床随访,结果：一次成功53．9％,复治率46．1％,总成功率96．9％。结论：提示采用低能量增加冲击次数,同样可以联得较好的碎石效果。     

A whole-slide imaging based workflow reduces the reading time of pathologists

Even though entirely digitized microscopic tissue sections (whole slide images, WSIs) are increasingly being used in histopathology diagnostics, little data is still available on the effect of this technique on pathologists' reading time. This study aimed to compare the time required to perform the microscopic assessment by pathologists between a conventional workflow (an optical microscope) and digitized WSIs. WSI was used in primary diagnostics at the Laboratory for Pathology Eastern Netherlands for several years (LabPON, Hengelo, The Netherlands). Cases were read either in a traditional workflow, with the pathologist recording the time required for diagnostics and reporting, or entirely digitally. Reading times were extracted from image management system log files, and the digitized workflow was fully integrated into the laboratory information system. The digital workflow saved time in the majority of case categories, with prostate biopsies saving the most (68% time gain). Taking into account case distribution, the digital workflow produced an average gain of 12.3%. Using WSI instead of conventional microscopy significantly reduces pathologists' reading times. Pathologists must work in a fully integrated environment to fully reap the benefits of a digital workflow.     

Angiosarcoma of the breast: Report of a case and autopsy findings

We report a case of angiosarcoma of the breast and the autopsy findings. The patient was a 35-year-old premenopausal woman who complained of a tumor in her left breast. We found a tumor measuring 55 mm in diameter in the lower external quadrant. The tumor was elastic and soft, smooth surfaced, well-defined and mobile. Dimpling sign or change of skin color were not observed. Clinically it was diagnosed as phyllodes tumor, but tumorectomy revealed primary angiosarcoma of the breast. Further extended surgery was recommended, but the patient refused additional therapy. Histological findings revealed a free surgical margin and neither lymph node metastasis nor distant metastasis were clinically observed. Seven months later, local recurrence in the same breast was recognized and finally radical mastectomy was carried out. Histological findings showed recurrence of angiosarcoma in the left breast but lymph node metastasis was not detected. Two months after mastectomy, metastases to the cervical and thoracic vertebrae were observed and radiation therapy was performed. Sixteen months from onset, she died due to multi-organ failure as general metastases of angiosarcoma. At autopsy, metastases to many organs including the digestive system were observed. The incidence of primary angiosarcoma of the breast is low but its prognosis is poor. This case emphasized the difficulties in clinical diagnosis and treatment for the angiosarcoma of the breast.     

肝切除治疗原发性肝癌101例

目的：复习原发性肝癌肿切除术的手术指征、手术方法和治疗效果。方法：回顾总结1992～1997年间101例原发性肝癌行肝切除术资料,对其中76例有完整随访资料的进行了分析。结果：无手术死亡,术后1,2,3,4,5年生存率分别为78．8％、60．0％、34．4％、28．0％、23．8％。结论：肝切除术是治疗原发性肝癌的首选方法,其成败的关键在于手术前对肝切除可行性的判断、手术方式的选择以及术中和术后的处理。