精神分裂症子女的行为问题及相关因素分析

目的 探讨精神分裂症子女的行为问题及相关因素。方法 以Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)为工具，对260名精神分裂症患者的子女(研究组)行为问题及其影响因素进行调查，并与正常健康者的子女(对照组)进行对照。结果 精神分裂症子女行为问题检出率为31．2％。显著高于对照组的12．3％；其主要影响因素为儿童健康状况差、孕产期不利因素、家庭教育方式不当、亲子关系差、居住地社会风气差和学习成绩差。结论 精神分裂症子女的行为问题发生率较高，为生物、心理及社会因素共同作用的结果，并需全面干预。     

TDP局部照射用于治疗儿童髋关节一过性滑膜炎的疗效观察

目的:探讨加速儿童髋关节一过性滑膜炎疾病的愈合.方法:随机性分析2005年1月～2006年4月共100例髋关节一过性滑膜炎患儿的治疗效果,把病人随机分为治疗组及对照组.治疗组按常规方法治疗加TDP灯局部照射,对照组仅按常规方法治疗.结果:治疗1周后,治疗组B超检查增厚滑膜厚度变化差值、关节腔间隙宽度变化值、关节腔积液好转率、"4"字试验阴性率均明显优于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:TDP灯用于治疗儿童髋关节一过性滑膜炎能加速疾病愈合,提高治疗效果.     

The modular architecture of the neglect syndrome: Implications for action control in visual neglect

In our recent review of action control deficits in hemispatial neglect we concluded that many patients with the disorder have deficits in visuomotor control [Coulthard, E., Parton, A., & Husain, M. (2006). Action control in visual neglect. Neuropsychologia, 44(13), 2717-2733]. This conclusion has been questioned and it has been argued instead that there are no action deficits in neglect [Himmelbach, M., Karnath, H.-O., & Perenin, M.-T. (2007). Action control is not affected by spatial neglect: A comment on Coulthard et al. Neuropsychologia, 45(8), 1979-1981]. We proposed that rather than being specific to the neglect syndrome, action control deficits are more likely to relate to lesion location. Although many of these impairments may contribute to the manifestation of neglect, they may also occur in brain-damaged patients without the condition. In this article, we explore this framework further, discussing how neglect behaviour may emerge from damage to a set of visuomotor or cognitive modules, or their connections. Central to our view is the idea that the critical combination of deficits leading to neglect varies considerably between cases, and that visuomotor or cognitive modules disrupted in the syndrome may not, in fact, be specific to neglect.     

三例儿童交替性偏瘫的回顾性分析

目的探讨儿童交替性偏瘫病因、临床特点、治疗效果。方法回顾性分析3例儿童交替性偏瘫患者的病因、临床表现及疗效。结果本组3例患者起病年龄均小于18个月,反复发作的交替性偏瘫；进行性的智能障碍,其中1例伴有短暂眼球震颤及眼球活动障碍,1例伴有张力障碍性姿势异常；睡眠可缓解无力及锥体外系症状,应用氟桂嗪治疗后,2例患者发作频率及持续时间降低,1例无效。结论本病病因不明,多为散发,临床表现为18月内起病的发作性交替性偏瘫,辅助检查无特征性改变,氟桂利嗪治疗部分有效。     

Selective peripheral neurotomy (SPN) for spasticity in childhood

Overview Excess spasticity leads to disability that is marked by impaired locomotion, handicapping deformities and, if not controlled, discomfort and pain. Selective peripheral neurotomy in the child is indicated for severe focal spasticity, when botulinum toxin injections cannot delay surgery any longer. Materials and methods Preoperative motor blocks mimicking the outcome of the surgical procedure are essential to establish the objectives of neurotomy. In the lower limb, obturator neurotomy is indicated for spasticity in the adductor muscles, hamstring neurotomy for the knee flexion and tibial neurotomy for the spastic foot. Anterior tibial neurotomy is indicated for the extensor hallucis spasticity and femoral neurotomy for spasticity in the quadriceps. In the upper limb, neurotomy of the pectoralis major and teres major nerves is indicated for spasticity of the internal rotators of the shoulder. Neurotomy of the musculocutaneous nerve is indicated for spasticity of the flexors of the elbow, and neurotomy of median and ulnar nerves are indicated for spasticity of the pronators and flexors of the wrist and fingers. Conclusion Selective peripheral neurotomy is a valuable neurosurgical procedure in well-trained surgical hands for severe focalised spasticity.     

99Tcm-DMSA肾皮质显像诊断小儿肾发育不良

目的 探讨^99Tc^m—二巯基丁二酸(DMSA)肾皮质显像诊断小儿肾发育不良的价值。方法 疑为肾发育不良患儿29例，行常规^99Tc^m—DMSA肾皮质显像和腹部B超检查。图像分析：将发育不良肾分为0～4级。结果 ^99Tc^m—DMSA肾皮质显像示29例患儿中24例为单侧肾发育不良，其中11例1级，7例2级，6例3级，余5例患肾未显影为0级，结合其他：检查诊断为肾发育不良。患肾分肾功能为0～24．9％(平均6．3％)。29例患儿中24例患肾肾皮质显像诊断为肾发育不良，5例患肾未显影，由其他影像学方法确诊，诊断灵敏度为82．76％。29例中19例经手术治疗，病理检查证实为肾发育不良。结论 ^99Tc^m—DMSA肾皮质显像诊断肾发育不良灵敏度高、可靠，可确定发育不良肾部位和判断肾功能。     

骨显像在儿童常见恶性实体瘤骨转移中的应用

目的 探讨骨显像在诊断儿童常见恶性实体瘤骨转移中的价值。方法 202例恶性实体瘤（淋巴瘤91例、神经母细胞瘤81例、横纹肌肉瘤20例、肾母细胞瘤10例）患儿行^99Tc^m-MDP全身骨显像，观察各自骨转移发生率、表现特征及好发部位。结果 202例患儿骨显像阳性者92例，占45．5％，其中单发病灶20例，多发病灶72例。好发部位为下肢骨骼和椎体。91例淋巴瘤骨显像阳性者38例，占41．8％，单发与多发性转移灶分别占28．9％与71．1％。肾脏受累15例，占16．5％；81例神经母细胞瘤阳性46例，占56．8％，单发与多发性转移灶分别占21，7％与78．3％。原发灶显影30例，占37．0％；20例横纹肌肉瘤阳性8例，占40，0％；10例肾母细胞瘤均未见骨骼转移。结论 骨显像对诊断儿童恶性实体瘤的骨转移有一定的价值，神经母细胞瘤的骨转移最常见，肾母细胞瘤极少发生骨骼浸润。^99Tc^m-MDP骨显像可显示恶性淋巴瘤的肾脏受累情况。     

妇幼卫生专业毕业生的追踪调查

20 0 2年 9～ 1 2月对中山大学公共卫生学院妇幼卫生专业的毕业生及用人单位进行了信函追踪调查。结果表明 :总体而言 ,该系学生思想素质、业务水平、工作能力均较强 ,受到用人单位的一致好评。该系学生保健服务能力是强项 ,体现了“以保健为中心”的办学思想。但同时也发现妇幼系的培养模式、课程设置、教学方法均存在一定问题 ,最突出的是临床动手能力较差 ,其次为社区工作能力、组织管理能力、社交能力相对不足 ,创新能力较差 ,所以教学改革势在必行     

儿童糖尿病30例临床分析

30例儿童糖尿病患者年龄2～14岁,83.3％病前有感染史,起病多较急,年龄越小“三多一少”症状越不典型,多以酮症酸中毒昏迷就诊,其中20％被误诊。建议采用小剂量胰岛素静脉滴注治疗。     

The cause of child abuse and neglect and their effects on the development of children in Samaru Zaria, Nigeria

Every child despite his individual differences and uniqueness is to be considered of equal worth. He should therefore be entitled to equal social, economic, civil and political rights, so that he may fully realise his inherent potential and share equally in life (Gill, 1979).

Obviously, these values are rooted in the humanistic philosophy of any nation's declaration of independence. In accordance with these value premises therefore “any act of commission or ommission by individuals, institutions or the society as a whole, and any conditions which deprive children of equal rights and liberties and interfere with their optimal development, constitutes by definition abuse or neglectful acts or conditions” (Gill, 1979).

Child abuse is a significant contemporary community problem. Although children have been maltreated throughout history, our community has been silent in defence of abused children. Child abuse is not a phenomenon of the 20th Century nor is it unique to our society and culture alone. It has occurred throughout the recorded history of man. The future of any nation depends on its children and their capabilities. For this reason, they must be given a full chance.