被忽视的热带病全球防控策略及面临的挑战

被忽视的热带病对人类健康的影响正逐渐被关注。消除或消灭被忽视的热带病对实现联合国千年发展目标、 以 及全球社会和保健事业将有重要意义。世界卫生组织有选择地设立了17类疾病分别在2015年和2020年的消除、 消灭目 标及路线图。本文阐述了被忽视热带病在全球的防控策略、 进展情况及面临的挑战, 强调了中国在其中扮演的角色及发 挥的作用。     

Challenges to Promoting Population-Based Cancer Registration in Iran: a Workshop Report

In December 2011, the Cancer Research Centre of the Cancer Institute of Iran sponsored a 3-day workshopon “Cancer Registration Principle and Challenges in Iran”, which convened cancer registry experts. Theobjectives of the workshop were: to introduce standard cancer registration, to review the policy and procedureof cancer registration in Iran, and to review the best practices in the cancer registries in Iran. Challenges tocancer registration were discussed and recommendations were developed. The workshop was evaluated byparticipants for better organization of subsequent workshops. The objective of publication of this report is thatbased on Cancer in 5 Continents, many low- or middle-income countries do not meet the criteria for a standardpopulation-based cancer registry (PBCR); on the other hand cancer is the most important cause of mortalityand the essential part of any cancer control program is the cancer registry. Therefore this report focuses onproblems and challenges of PBCR and provides recommendations which might help other developing countriesto decrease their PBCR defects.     

International patient registry on acupuncture therapy for premature ovarian insufficiency: Challenges and opportunities

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) affects seriously physical and mental health of the patients. Studies show that acupuncture may be promising in treating POI, yet evidence is insufficient. International patient registry, one form of observational study, is designed for evaluating effectiveness and safety of acupuncture in real-world clinical settings. We will face a series of opportunities and challenges. The opportunities are as follows: (1) Interdisciplinary cooperation can improve the effect of acupuncture for POI. (2) The protocol for acupuncture to treat POI has room for improvement. (3) The patient registry study can make up the shortcomings of randomized controlled trials. (4) The patient registry study can collect real-world data and explore responses of different populations to acupuncture and can be the foundation for the successive studies. International patient registry may face technological, ethical and financial challenges, while the established International Patient Registry Platform of Acupuncture-Moxibustion (www.amreg.org:8082/v3) is actively responding to these challenges. Till now there have been more than 300 patients of POI enrolled on this platform.     

我国公立医院改革的进展与挑战

公立医院改革试点启动以来,取得了阶段性进展,积累了有益经验,主要表现在围绕"四个分开"探索公立医院体制机制改革的多种实现形式;以结构调整和资源整合为重点,不断优化医疗服务体系;改革人事分配制度,调动医务人员积极性;便民惠民措施效果明显,医院内部管理能力不断加强。但一些深层次的问题进一步凸显,深化改革仍面临诸多挑战,如具有广泛共识的改革路径与突破口仍有待形成;政策措施的整体性、协调性、可持续性不够,执行力也需加强;公立医院发展模式不利于医疗服务体系优化和整体效率的提高;公立医院投身改革的内在动力不足。为进一步推进公立医院改革,提出了进一步明确改革的路径和突破口,提高改革政策的协调性、系统性和可持续性,建立有利于监督问责的管理体制和治理机制,建立有效的激励约束机制等政策建议。     

中国参与全球消除疟疾行动的优势和挑战——基于抗疟技术专家观点的一项定性研究

目的：分析总结中国参与全球消除疟疾行动的优势和挑战,并探索中国未来参与的优先领域。方法：对来自国家和省级卫生机构的疟疾领域国内知名专家和学者进行深度访谈,在面对面的半结构式访谈过程中应用信息饱和原则。使用EXCEL进行资料整理,建立主题框架进行资料分析。结果：中国在抗疟经验、技术、产品和人才方面具有参与全球消除疟疾行动的优势,但存在国内支持体系不完善,对国际规则和受援国了解不足等问题,未来应该发展多行为体合作机制,整合对外援助资源,助力当地公共卫生体系建设。结论：中国参与全球消除疟疾行动优势与挑战并存,下一步需要根据优先领域来进行深度参与。     

药物基因组学临床部署现状及在中国的机遇与挑战

药物基因组学（pharmacogenomics,PGx）作为精准医学临床部署的首选领域,具有广阔的发展前景。目前国外已将抗肿瘤、慢病管理、华法林抗凝等领域的PGx数据部署到电子病历系统中,以辅助临床决策。而我国因电子病历系统升级改造复杂,基因检测技术不高、费用高昂,PGx知识库缺乏等多方面复杂因素制约,PGx的临床部署仍存在巨大挑战。作者旨在借鉴PGx临床部署在国外取得的成绩,分析其在我国临床部署中面临的机遇和挑战,以推进我国PGx临床部署的顺利开展和实施,贯彻落实其在临床辅助决策系统中的应用。     

我国疟疾防治政策演变及趋势分析

建国以来,我国疟疾防治工作取得显著成效,目前已经基本建立较完备的疟疾防治政策体系。我国60多年疟疾防治工作主要分为四个阶段,政府针对各个阶段的疫情情况以及社会环境适时地制定和调整一系列防治疟疾的政策法规。本文回顾了我国疟疾防治政策的历史演变,从各阶段疟疾疫情规模、主要政策内容及其特点等方面进行系统梳理归纳。在此基础上分析在政策指导下我国疟疾防治工作所取得的成绩以及在今后的防治工作中面临的挑战,从而提出制定和完善我国消除疟疾政策的若干建议,为我国实现消除疟疾的目标提供参考依据。     

Pharmacist role in vaccination: Evidence and challenges

Vaccines prevent an estimated 2.5 million deaths worldwide each year and are amongst the most cost-effective preventive measures against infectious diseases. Despite the effectiveness and availability of vaccines in many parts of the world, vaccination rates and service uptake remains suboptimal among both healthcare providers and the public. Pharmacists as established advocates, educators as well as qualified providers of vaccinations have a significant role to play in promoting and supporting the uptake of vaccination. Challenges and barriers to pharmacist vaccination are multifactorial, which needs effective strategies to address. Overcoming these barriers will increase the role of pharmacists as vaccinators that ultimately increases public access to vaccination and accurate and reliable information about vaccines.