Breathing‐impaired speech after brain haemorrhage: A case study

Results are presented from an auditory and acoustic analysis of the speech of an adult male with impaired prosody and articulation due to brain haemorrhage. They show marked effects on phonation, speech rate and articulator velocity, and a speech rhythm disrupted by “intrusive” stresses. These effects are discussed in relation to the speaker's very short breath‐groups and consequent need to take breath within intonation‐groups and even within rhythm‐groups. The speaker appears to have various strategies for dealing with his speech problems to preserve the structural cohesion of his utterances, some seemingly more successful than others, including planning his frequent breath pauses, using falsetto phonation, control of pitch and inspiring air orally for rapid intake. Finally, it is suggested that these and other strategies designed to compensate for limitations and shortcomings in the speech production system should be recognized as a form of linguistic creativity.     

呼吸训练在偏瘫病人康复训练中的作用

目的：探讨融入呼吸训练的牵伸韵律操在改善偏瘫患者肺功能、痉挛程度、运动功能及日常生活活动能力,提高日常生活质量方面的作用和意义。方法36例脑损伤偏瘫患者当坐位平衡达到三级、具有一定运动耐力时为常规康复治疗组（A组）和牵伸韵律操组（B组）,A组继续接受常规康复治疗,B组在常规康复治疗的基础上,开始接受自行编排的融入呼吸训练的牵伸韵律操训练。分别在入组时（M0）、训练后1月（M1）、3月（M3）及6月（M6）时评定肺功能、痉挛程度、运动功能及日常生活活动能力。结果 M0、M1时两组上述四项评分相似,比较无统计学差异（ P＞0.05）。随着康复治疗时间延长在M3及M6时两组的同前比较四项评分变化明显,但B组明显好于A组（ P＜0.05）。结论基于神经发育疗法的基本理论,以运动控制和运动学习理论为指导编排了牵伸韵律操。在牵伸韵律操的训练过程中强调呼吸训练,训练以集体操的形式进行,融入了韵律和音乐等元素。通过大量的呼吸练习、反射性抑制自我牵伸、节律运动、体式转换等任务的练习,达到了通过改善肺功能而提高肌力、缓解痉挛的目的,从而改善了偏瘫患者的运动功能障碍,提高其日常生活能力。     

呼吸减痛法配合一对一陪伴分娩临床研究

目的探讨呼吸减痛法配合一对一陪伴分娩的临床效果。方法选取在孕期接受呼吸减痛法培训的初产妇50例做为观察组,选取未接受呼吸减痛法培训的初产妇50例作为对照组,临产时观察组由一名专职助产士有针对性地进行呼吸减痛法的指导,对照组不做呼吸减痛法的指导,仅采用传统的方法进行待产。两组孕妇均按常规一对一陪伴分娩,按正常方法观察产程,收集相关资料后进行统计学分析。结果观察组中出现Ⅰ级与Ⅱ级分娩疼痛的产妇较对照组增加,而Ⅲ级分娩疼痛者明显少于对照组;第一产程、第二产程和总产程时间明显短于对照组,产后出血率、新生儿窒息率明显少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论呼吸减痛分娩法是一种安全、有效的减痛分娩方法,可以缩短总产程,减少产后出血及新生儿窒息的发生。     

呼吸操、家庭氧疗联合沙美特罗氟替卡松干粉吸入剂治疗COPD稳定期患者的效果观察

目的：观察呼吸操、家庭氧疗联合沙美特罗氟替卡松干粉吸入剂治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）稳定期患者的效果。方法将符合标准的128例COPD稳定期患者随机分为观察组和对照组,各64例,两组均给予常规治疗,观察组加用呼吸操锻炼、家庭氧疗及沙美特罗替卡松干粉剂吸入剂治疗,随访1年,对比两组治疗前后的肺功能相关指标、临床疗效及急性加重情况等。结果观察组总有效率为92.19%,显著高于对照组的76.56%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组治疗后的肺功能相关指标较治疗前均有改善,观察组改善更明显（P〈0.05）。观察组急性加重次数〉2次发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。两组急性加重发生频率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论呼吸操、家庭氧疗联合沙美特罗氟替卡松干粉吸入剂治疗COPD的效果确切,且能改善COPD患者的肺功能,减少急性加重次数。     

超声测量儿童膈肌前中后部运动的可重复性研究

目的 探讨超声测量儿童膈肌前、中、后部运动的可重复性和差异性。 方法 选择2018年11月至2019年6月入住儿科重症监护病房（PICU）的患儿30 例。患儿取平卧位,使用5 MHz超声探头,置于右锁骨中线与肋下缘交点,用M型超声记录随呼吸运动的膈肌前、中、后部的移动度和收缩速度,重复测量两次。采用ICC系数表示膈肌移动度和收缩速度两次测量的可重复性。采用方差分析探讨不同部位膈肌移动度和收缩速度的差异性。 结果 膈肌各部位移动度两次测量的组内相关系数分别为ICC前膈肌=0.89、ICC中膈肌=0.95、 ICC后膈肌=0.90,膈肌各部位收缩速度两次测量的组内相关系数分别为 ICC前膈肌=0.90、ICC中膈肌=0.94、ICC后膈肌=0.95,膈肌各部位移动度和收缩速度的测量均显示出良好的可重复性。膈肌前、中、后部移动度分别为［（8.1±3.1）mm］、［（7.4±3.0）mm］、［（5.5±2.3）mm］,膈肌前、中、后部收缩速度分别为［（12.5±4.8）mm/s］、［（11.5±6.3）mm/s］、［（8.9±4.0）mm/s］,膈肌前、中、后部位间的移动度和收缩速度比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。 结论 利用超声测量儿童膈肌前、中、后各部位运动具有较高的可重复性,儿童膈肌前、中、后部的移动度和收缩速度具有差异性,单纯某一部位的膈肌运动不能代表整体膈肌的运动功能。     

基于时间护理的呼吸训练与排痰管理对肺癌手术患者康复的影响分析

目的观察基于时间护理的呼吸训练与排痰管理对肺癌手术患者康复的影响效果。方法选择2018年1-12月于我院行手术治疗的92例肺癌患者为研究对象,入住偶数病室患者纳入对照组(46例),入住奇数病室患者纳入观察组(46例)。对照组接受常规护理,术后由护理人员依经验开展呼吸训练与排痰管理,观察组接受时间护理植入式呼吸训练与排痰管理,对两组干预后的各观察指标进行比较。结果观察组干预后呼吸训练与排痰管理掌握度评分、术后2周血氧饱和度及肺活量高于对照组,呼吸系统并发症总发生率显著低于对照组,康复进度各时间评价指标优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论采用时间护理植入式呼吸训练与排痰管理对肺癌患者施以康复管理,可显著提升肺癌手术患者呼吸训练与排痰管理知识技能掌握度,降低术后呼吸系统并发症风险,推动康复进度,改善肺功能。     

Device-guided breathing in the home setting: Technology, performance and clinical outcomes

Routine practice of slow breathing is a major component of a variety of behavioral treatments of chronic conditions. The present paper addresses the challenge of using device-guided breathing (DGB) as a self-treatment tool in the home setting. The breathing patterns of hypertensive patients treated using DGB over 8 weeks in 15-min daily sessions were analyzed using minute-by-minute stored data. The relationship of breathing pattern with office blood pressure changes over the treatment period was evaluated. The treatment device operated to reduce breathing rate effortlessly while prolonging exhalation: patients were requested to synchronize breathing with the guiding tones, generated in response to the monitored breathing pattern. Breathing modification was highly individualized, repeatable over sessions, and unrelated to clinical or demographic characteristics; it also seemed to reflect behavioral aspects of device-patient interaction. Quality of breathing synchronization with the guiding tones and time spent in slow breathing displayed a relationship with the clinical outcomes. Different DGB methods are believed to share similar features. A possible physiological mechanism underlying the beneficial effect of slow and effortless breathing in chronic conditions is discussed in relation to restoring autonomic balance via lung reflexes.     

钢铁行业总粉尘与呼吸性粉尘浓度比值的研究

[目的]为探讨总粉尘与呼吸性粉尘浓度比值的关系。[方法]对某钢铁公司所属炼铁和采矿分公司的1504名接尘工人进行调查研究,通过进行矽肺病流行病学调查分析,把40年来的总粉尘浓度换算成呼吸性粉尘浓度。[结果]表明T/R比值在不同作业场所结果不一,配料和掘进两个工种呼吸性粉尘浓度较其他工种高,且患病率也高于其他工种。[结论]说明粉尘的生物学作用与呼吸性粉尘联系密切,进一步说明了呼吸性粉尘浓度比总粉尘浓度更能反映工人接尘的实际危害程度。     

Analysis of Breathing Pattern in Children with Asthma

The breathing pattern in children with asthma was studied, using respiratory inductive plethysmography. The subjects were 31 children with mild to moderate asthma (15 males, 16 females; aged 6∼15 years, average 11 years). The respiratory rate was 25.5±10.7/min. (mean ± S.D.) during asthma attacks and 18.4 ± 5.0/min. between attacks with a significant increase during attacks (P < 0.001). The expiratory time was 1.774 ± 0.833 second during attacks, and 2.125 ± 0.602 seconds between attacks. The expiratory time to total respiratory time ratio (T_E/T_TOT) was 0.631 ± 0.056 during attacks and 0.608 ± 0.035 between attacks. Thus there was a slight prolongation at the time of attack, but the difference was not significant. The tidal volume was increased slightly during mild and moderate attacks. V_T/T_I (mean inspiratory flow) was increased during attacks. The respiratory pattern was thoracic during attacks and changed to the abdominal pattern with improvement.