Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale Scores as a Function of Age and Initial IQ in 210 Autistic Children

Human growth modeling statistics were utilized to examine how Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS) scores changed in individuals with autistic disorder as a function of both age and initial IQ. Results revealed that subjects improved with age in all domains. The rate of growth in Communication and Daily Living Skills was related to initial IQ while rate of growth in Social Skills was not. Results should provide hope for parents and further support for the importance of functional social-communication skills in the treatment of autism.     

肥胖儿童社会适应能力与行为问题的配对研究

目的：研究肥胖儿童在社会适应及行为方面是否校非肥胖儿童存在更多的问题。方法：应用儿童行为量表（CBCL）对104名9～11岁的肥胖儿童及1：1配对的104名一般儿童进行测试。结果：肥胖儿童的社会适应能力差,其行为问题的发生率（24.0％）显著高于对照组儿童（8.7％）（P＜0.01）。行为问题的表现存在性别差异,肥胖男孩以抑郁和社交退缩为主,肥胖女孩以体诉和违纪为主。结论：肥胖在一定程度上对儿童的心理行为的发育产生了不良影响,应引起足够的重视。     

反复心理应激对大鼠儿茶酚胺和酪氨酸代谢的影响

采用ＣｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎＢｏｘ大鼠模型研究了反复心理应激对大鼠儿茶酚胺（ＣＡ）和酪氨酸（Ｔｙｒ）代谢的影响,及补充Ｔｙｒ的作用。实验发现：反复心理应激使心理应激组（Ｓ组）和心理应激补充Ｔｙｒ组（ＳＴ组）第１、３、７ｄ２４ｈ尿ＣＡ排出量高于对照组（Ｃ组）（Ｐ＜００５）;而第１４ｄＳＴ组血浆和脑匀浆Ｔｙｒ含量分别高于Ｓ组和Ｃ组（Ｐ＜００１）。反复心理应激７ｄ时,Ｓ组大鼠旷场试验得分低于Ｃ组（Ｐ＜００５）,产生行为缺陷,而补充Ｔｙｒ使ＳＴ组大鼠旷场试验得分降低有所减轻。     

健康教育行为干预对降低小学生肠道寄生虫感染率的研究

为研究健康教育行为干预对降低小学生肠道寄生虫感染率的效果,探讨小学生肠道寄生虫病的防治方法,在苍山县随机选取860名小学生进行为期2年的研究.单纯健康教育行为干预组、行为干预加驱虫组、单纯驱虫组及对照组,肠道寄生虫感染率实验前分别为64.13%、61.23%、63.12%和60.70%,实验后分别为41.67%、26.52%、53.57%和60.61%.结果表明:健康教育行为干预对降低小学生肠道寄生虫感染率具有重要作用;健康教育行为干预加针对性驱虫是控制小学生肠道寄生虫感染的最佳模式.     

Effects of drugs of abuse on acquisition of behavioral chains in squirrel monkeys

The acute effects of various drugs of abuse on the acquisition of chains of behavior were assessed in squirrel monkeys trained to respond on three keys for food. Each new session the monkeys acquired a different four-response chain by responding sequentially on three keys in the presence of four different stimuli. Incorrect responses inactivated the keys and darkened the chamber for 10 s (time-out). Dose-effect curves were obtained by administering the drugs intramuscularly before the session and recording their effects on the rate and accuracy of responding. Cocaine,d-amphetamine, and ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol all decreased the accuracy and rate of responding within the dose range of 0.56–3 mg/kg. The highest dose of morphine tested (3 mg/kg) produced parallel decreases in the accuracy and rate of responding in some monkeys but had no effect at lower doses. These drugs decreased within-session accuracy though clearly acquisition did occur, but high doses of caffeine (30 and 56 mg/kg) prevented acquisition and recovery of performance and, furthermore, at 30 mg/kg these effects were observed in the absence of decreases in the rate of responding. The drugs of abuse tested all produced dose-related decreases in both the accuracy and rate of responding, and the decreases in accuracy were primarily observed only at doses that also decreased response rates. Therefore, based on these results from nonhuman primates each of these drugs has the potential to alter learning particularly when doses that disrupt other behaviors are administered.     

Knochenheilung und dynamischer Interferenzstrom (DIC). —Erste vergleichende tierexperimentelle Studie an Schafen Teil II: Physikalische und chemische Ergebnisse

Zusammenfassung Zusätzlich wurden physikalische und chemische Untersuchungen über den Einfluß von dynamischem Interferenzstrom (DIC) auf die Knochenheilung durchgeführt, nachdem bei 24 Schwarzkopfschafen eine Querosteotomie des Radius vorgenommen worden war. Nach instabiler Osteosynthese wurde die Osteotomiezone wiederholt mit DIC verschiedener mA—Stärken behandelt. (Methodische Einzelheiten sind in Teil I beschrieben). Die Behandlung mit dynamischem Interferenzstrom führte im behandelten Gewebe zu steigenden Temperaturen, die von den mA—Stärken abhängig waren. Weiterhin wurden Zusammenhänge zwischen DIC—mA—Intensität und dem Vorkommen von Hydroxyprolin, einer kollagenspezifischen Aminosäure, nachgewiesen, welches eine erhöhte Calcifizierungsaktivität zur Folge hatte. Messungen des Calcium— und Phosphorgehaltes im neugebildeten Knochengewebe wiesen bei den mit DIC behandelten Tieren vollständige Mineralisation zu einem viel früheren Zeitpunkt als bei den unbehandelten, nach gleichem Verfahren operierten Kontrolltieren auf. Ob DIC einen spezifischen Reiz auf die Knochenneubildung heilender Knochen ausübt, ist noch nicht vollständig geklärt.

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Bone healing and Dynamic Interferential Current (DIC)

Summary In the course of supplementary physical and chemical investigations of the influence ofDynamicInterferential Current (DIC) on bone healing 24 black-head sheep were subjected to transversal osteotomy of the radius. After an instable osteosynthesis the site was exposed to repeated therapy with DIC of varying mA intensity. (Methodological details are described in part 1.) DIC therapy resulted in altering the temperatures in the treated tissue, dependent on the mA intensity. Further associations were verified between DIC intensity and the occurrence of hydroxyprolin, an amino acid specific collagen, which also reflected increased calcifying activity. Measurements of the calcium and phosphorus levels in the regenerated (newly forming) bone tissue documented full mineralization in the DIC-treated animals at a much earlier date than in the untreated controls that had undergone similar operations. Whether DIC specifically stimulates osteogenesis within healing bones is still unclear.

     

The functional pool of brain catecholamines: Its size and turnover rate

Behavioral data are reviewed that give evidence for an indiscriminate involvement of brain catecholamines (CA), especially dopamine (DA), in nervefunction, regardless of the time elapsed from their synthesis. Critical analysis of biochemical and pharmacological studies shows that a clear-cut distribution of brain catecholamines in two compartments [newly synthesized (NS) and main storage] is not at all established, and moreover that there is no adequate proof that the difference in turnover rates attributed to these two supposed pools is due to a preferential extraneuronal release of NS-CA during nerve function rather than to a preferential (nonfunctional) intraneuronal deamination of NS-CA, or at least of NS-DA.     

Effects of Δ 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and pentobarbital on a cortical response evoked during conditioning

A surface-negative wave, evoked by tone cues, appeared in monkey post-arcuate cortex as the monkey learned that the cue signaled the availability of reward. This evoked activity was depressed, concomitantly with changes in the animal's behavioral responding, by doses of ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol ( ⁹-Tetrahydrocannabinol-THC) as low as 0.032 mg/kg and of pentobarbital as low as 4 mg/kg. Pentobarbital tended to increase the latency of the evoked wave, an effect not seen with ⁹-THC.Supported by U.S. Public Health Service Grant no. DA 00015.     

突发性耳聋患者行为类型与某些生化指标的相关性研究

目的 探讨突发性耳聋患者的行为类型及发病机理。方法 调查了152例突发性耳聋病人和170例正常人的行为类型,并测定了其血浆SOD,LPO,TXA2,PGI2水平。结果 突发性耳聋病人A型性格为68.42％,而健康对照则为47.65％(p<0.01)。突发性耳聋患者不论是A型性格还是B型性格血清SOD、6-keto-PGF1α均显著低于对照组(p<0.01),而LPO、TXB2含量则高于对照组(p<0.01);突发性耳聋患者及对照组组内A型性格血浆TXB2均显著高于B型性格,A型性格6-keto-PGF1α则低于B型性格(p<0.05)。LPO、SOD虽有差异,但无统计学意义(p>0.05)。结论 突发性耳聋与行为类型密切相关。A行为易患突发性耳聋,可能与血浆高水平的TXB2、LPO和低水平的SOD、PGI2有关。     

酸枣仁汤对高架十字迷宫大鼠行为学影响的量效关系评价

采用国际通用的高架十字迷宫焦虑动物模型 (EPM) ,从行为学角度观察了四个不同给药剂量酸枣仁汤对EPM大鼠的抗焦虑作用。结果显示 ,酸枣仁汤确有抗焦虑作用 ,但此效应不随给药剂量的增加而增强 ,与一般化学药物所遵循的量效关系规律不同。